Long-Finned Pilot Whales, Globicephala melaena, driven ashore in Ireland, 1800–1973

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1101-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. O’Riordan
Keyword(s):  
Phocoena Phocoena ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Commercial Whaling ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fin Whales ◽  
Pilot Whales

Naturally occurring strandings or inshore migrations of pilot whales, Globicephala melaena, have been utilized on an opportunistic basis with yields of from 25 to approximately 300 animals. Single animals strand occasionally. Strandings or captures occur in all months except September. The commonest cetacean in Ireland is the common porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) but there is no fishery for it. It is sometimes entangled in nets. Commercial whaling from 1908 to 1923 took mainly fin whales and other species of large cetaceans. There has been no commercial whaling in Ireland subsequently.

Relation Between Stranding Mortality and Population Abundance of Smaller Cetacea in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1095-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Harbour Porpoise ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Phocoena Phocoena ◽  
Northeast Atlantic ◽  
Northeast Atlantic Ocean ◽  
The Common ◽  
Pilot Whales

The most complete and continuous series of stranding records is probably that for the British coasts, comprising 1616 strandings between 1913–72. The common or harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) is most numerous (667 strandings, 41% of total), with 17 other species representing the remaining 59%. These data are related to sightings during two transatlantic yacht races, from a bird observatory off southwest Ireland, and from weather ships. The ratio of Irish sightings to strandings is at least 120:1, the ratio of sightings at weather ship stations to strandings of long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melaena) is at least 150:1.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Natural, Stable, Reversible and Colourful Anthocyanidin Network from Sphagnum Moss Based Mainly on the Yellow Trans-Chalcone and Red Flavylium Cation Forms

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 709
Author(s):  
Helge Berland ◽  
Øyvind M. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Sphagnum Moss ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Colour System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cis And Trans

Anthocyanins with various functions in nature are one of the most important sources of colours in plants. They are based on anthocyanidins or 3-deoxyanthocyanidins having in common a C15-skeleton and are unique in terms of how each anthocyanidin is involved in a network of equilibria between different forms exhibiting their own properties including colour. Sphagnorubin C (1) isolated from the cell wall of peat moss (Sphagnum sp.) was in fairly acidic and neutral dimethyl sulfoxide characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption techniques. At equilibrium, the network of 1 behaved as a two–component colour system involving the reddish flavylium cationic and the yellow trans–chalcone forms. The additional D- and E-rings connected to the common C15-skeleton extend the π-conjugation within the molecule and provide both bathochromic shifts in the absorption spectra of the various forms as well as a low isomerization barrier between the cis- and trans-chalcone forms. The hemiketal and cis-chalcone forms were thus not observed experimentally by NMR due to their short lives. The stable, reversible network of 1 with good colour contrast between its two components has previously not been reported for other natural anthocyanins and might thus have potential in future photochromic systems. This is the first full structural characterization of any naturally occurring anthocyanin chalcone form.

scholarly journals DEVELOPING THE COMMON MARMOSET AS A TRANSLATIONAL MODEL OF AGE-RELATED OSTEOARTHRITIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S104-S104
Author(s):  
Dennis M Minton ◽  
Angela J Marolf ◽  
Kelly S Santangelo ◽  
Adam B Salmon ◽  
Adam R Konopka
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Common

Abstract Age is a primary risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA). The mechanisms that contribute to OA are poorly understood and disease modifying treatments have not been identified. A critical shortcoming in developing therapies is the limited number of translational models available to identify the causes of naturally occurring OA. Our goal is to use the common marmoset as a non-human primate (NHP) model of age-related OA. NHP are the closest evolutionary relative to humans and share many characteristics of human aging. The marmoset has advantages over other NHP for aging research because of their relatively short maximal lifespan and small size. Micro-computed tomography (uCT) was performed on whole-knee joints obtained from young (10 yrs, n=3) marmosets at necropsy. OA was evaluated using a clinical uCT scoring system and quantitative assessments of subchondral bone structure and ossified meniscal volume. Advancing age was positively correlated to increased uCT OA score (p<0.05, r=0.59 ), mainly through increased number and size of osteophytes and progressive subchondral bone sclerosis from the medial to both medial and lateral compartments. For marmosets displaying meniscal ossification, older marmosets had greater (p<0.05) ossified meniscal volume than middle-aged and younger marmosets, respectively. Trabecular (p=0.05) and cortical bone thickness (p<0.05) were also lower in older marmosets. These data are the first to indicate that the marmoset develops naturally occurring, age-related OA and support the pursuit of additional studies using the marmoset to identify OA mechanisms and test potential interventions.

scholarly journals Initial Stages of Gypsum Nucleation: The Role of “Nano/Microdust”

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1083
Author(s):  
Maxim Oshchepkov ◽  
Konstantin Popov ◽  
Anna Kovalenko ◽  
Anatoly Redchuk ◽  
Julia Dikareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Saturation State ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Primary Nucleation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Heterogeneous Formation ◽  
Supersaturated Solutions

The primary nucleation mechanism of the gypsum in a bulk aqueous medium was identified as a heterogeneous one for 0.05 and 0.03 mol·L−1 CaSO4·2H2O solutions and 25 °C. By means of a particle counter and dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique, solid nano/microimpurities were found, and controlled in stock brines for gypsum supersaturated solutions preparation. It is demonstrated that the common procedure of reagent grade 0.10 mol·L‒1 CaCl2 and Na2SO4 aqueous solutions filtration via 200 nm membranes is capable to reduce the foreign solid microimpurities content (size > 100 nm) from 106 to 103 units in 1 mL, but fails to affect the more numerous nanofraction (size < 100 nm). Thus, the gypsum nucleation takes place in presence of a significant amount of “nano/microcodust” templates, and has a heterogenous character. The induction time, measured by conductivity for the similar supersaturation levels, reveals a well detectable dependence on nano/microdust concentent: an increasing background particle concentration substantially decreases the induction period at a constant saturation state and temperature, and thus increases the nucleation rate. Therefore, the gypsum nucleation reaction starts tentatively through the fast heterogeneous formation of well-defined, primary nuclei via [Ca2+], [SO42‒], and [CaSO4]o species sorption on the surface of “nano/microdust” particles. Thus, the “nano/microdust”, naturally occurring in any high purity chemical, plays a key role in sparingly soluble salts nucleation in the bulk aqueous medium.

scholarly journals Incorporation of [14C]shikimate into phenazines and their further metabolism by Pseudomonas phenazinium

1977 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham S. Byng ◽  
John M. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Late Exponential Phase ◽  
Pigment Formation ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Common Precursor ◽  
The Common

1. During growth of Pseudomonas phenazinium on l-threonine medium, phenazine pigment formation commenced early and 1,6-dihydroxyphenazine 5,10-dioxide (iodinin) was the major component. Growth on l-[U-14C]threonine showed that when growth was complete about 25% of the label had been incorporated into phenazines and 30% into cell substance. 2. The addition of d-[2,3,4,5(n)-14C]shikimate to cultures at different phases of growth showed that the greatest efficiency of incorporation (about 70%) occurred in the mid- to late-exponential phase. Phenazines accounting for most of the 14C supplied were iodinin and 9-hydroxyphenazine-1-carboxylate plus 2,9-dihydroxyphenazine-1-carboxylate. Radioactivity incorporated into cell substance was about one-third of the amount found in phenazines. 3. Kinetic studies showed that radioactivity from a pulse of [14C]-shikimate was incorporated into phenazines immediately, without a discernible lag, and into all detectable phenazines simultaneously rather than sequentially. 4. Radioactive phenazines isolated from culture media were fed to growing cultures and their metabolism was studied. The results supported a scheme for the biosynthesis of iodinin and 1,8-dihydroxyphenazine 10-monoxide by a branched pathway. 5. It is proposed that phenazine-1,6-dicarboxylate is the common precursor of all naturally occurring phenazines.

scholarly journals An inventory of early branch points in microbial phosphonate biosynthesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siwei Li ◽  
Geoff P Horsman
Keyword(s):  
Branch Point ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Branch Points ◽  
Bacterial Genomes ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Carbon Carbon Bond ◽  
The Common ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Biosynthetic Machinery

Microbial phosphonate biosynthetic machinery has been identified in ~5% of bacterial genomes and encodes natural products like fosfomycin as well as cell surface decorations. Almost all biological phosphonates originate from the rearrangement of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to phosphonopyruvate (PnPy) catalyzed by PEP mutase (Ppm), and PnPy is often converted to phosphonoacetaldehyde (PnAA) by PnAA decarboxylase (Ppd). Seven enzymes are known or likely to act on either PnPy or PnAA as early branch points en route to diverse biosynthetic outcomes, and these enzymes may be broadly classified into three reaction types: hydride transfer, aminotransfer, and carbon-carbon bond formation. However, the relative abundance of these branch points in microbial phosphonate biosynthesis is unknown. Also unknown is the proportion of ppm-containing gene neighborhoods encoding new branch point enzymes and potentially novel phosphonates. In this study we computationally sorted 882 ppm-containing gene neighborhoods based on these seven branch point enzymes. Unsurprisingly, the majority (56%) of these pathways encode for production of the common naturally occurring compound 2-aminoethylphosphonate (AEP) or a hydroxylated derivative. The next most abundant genetically encoded intermediates were phosphonoacetate (PnAc, 16%), phosphonoalanine (PnAla, 10%), and 2-hydroxyethylphosphonate (HEP, 5%). Significantly, about 9% of the gene neighborhoods could not be assigned to any of the seven branch points and may encode novel phosphonates. Sequence similarity network analysis revealed families of unusual gene neighborhoods including possible production of phosphonoacrylate and phosphonofructose, the apparent biosynthetic use of the C-P lyase operon, and a virus-encoded phosphonate. Overall, these results highlight the utility of branch point inventories to identify novel gene neighborhoods and guide future phosphonate discovery efforts.

scholarly journals USE OF TRAINING DISCUSSION AT LABORATORY AND PRACTICAL LESSONS WHILE IMPLEMENTING COMPETENCY BASED APPROACH

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Olga P. Sazhina ◽  
Oxana V. Glazkova ◽  
Alexandr A. Shabarin ◽  
Yulia I. Matyushkina
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Common Activity ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
The Common ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training

An approach implemented in a higher school education system requires use of interactive forms in learning process. Using the example of organisation of laboratory and practical lessons "Methods of quality control with respect to raw materials and products of chemistry manufacture" the effectiveness of training discussions as an interactive form of learning while implementing a competency based approach was demonstrated. Analysis of natural magnetite, used as a raw material for production of iron by the pyrometallurgical method, was chosen as a subject of the discussion. Initially, students analyse State Standard (GOST) N 32517.1-2013 on their own. In class they analyse the Standard from the perspective of use of potentiometric titration instead of visual one under the supervision of instructors. They do modernization of technique for determining: correct a list of specimen used, solution strength, mass of magnetite sample, volume of a sample for titration; suggest a list of laboratory dishes and devices, make preliminary calculations and find out the calculation formula. In the course of discussion, the most preferable method of experiment is elaborated on and recorded. Upon completion a public discussion of the results is held. Each group analyses the obtained data, indicates the positive and negative sides of the suggested method for potentiometric determination of iron content in naturally occurring magnetite. Based on results of questionnaire survey having been held among students who took part in the pedagogic experiment, it was discovered that the proposed way of holding laboratory and practical lessons is more effective in comparison to the traditional one, while serving to unlock the students’ research potential. This way requires applying theoretical skills learned earlier to perform a particular research task. They also learn to work in a team, to sum up results of the common activity and hold responsibility for the results received. Moreover, public speaking is also an important point of learning process. The proposed methods of gaining skills for solution of training tasks facilitate development of intellectual, speaking and communicative students’ competences; they make future specialists more prepared for resolving real production issues.For citation:Sazhina O.P., Glazkova O.V., Shabarin A.A., Matyushkina Yu.I. Use of training discussion at laboratory and practical lessons while implementing competency based approach. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 7. P. 97-101.

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