Science for the Scattered Fisheries of the Canadian Interior

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1213-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry A. Regier
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
End Products ◽  
Scientific Networks ◽  
Regional Governments

A healthy ferment exists in various fields of scientific research and management on Canadian freshwater fisheries. Important achievements have been registered in ecology, as well as in economics and on legal–jurisdictional aspects. The time is right to bring some order into recent administrative chaos to consolidate scientific contributions of the past, to encourage some recent initiatives, and to expedite research that is explicitly interdisciplinary, i.e. organized from transdisciplinary perspectives and conducted so that the contributions of various disciplines are not readily discernible in the end products. A capability to transfer insights and information directly to planning and decision-making on large fisheries programs, on major industrial developments, and to regional governments and agencies is badly needed. Such a capability for freshwater fisheries can be stimulated into maturity by expanding and developing some five or six interdisciplinary and interinstitutional scientific networks that have evolved in various parts of Canada in recent decades. These and other specific conclusions are specified in some detail.

Turning the light on inattention

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Cristian Sylvestre
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
Regulatory Authorities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Decision Making Framework ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Do So ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

In the past few years, the number of articles and alerts (including some from regulatory authorities) attributing incidents to inattention and/or complacency has increased. Why do so many people still get hurt even though we do so much to try to keep them safe? Most incidents do not happen because the person was not competent, did not know about the hazard or what controls were required. Incidents typically happen because the person was not paying attention at the time; as a result, they get involved with a hazard. Traditional approaches to rectify this focus on: retraining, in case the problem was a lack of knowledge; reviewing the decision making framework, in case it was a bad decision or the wrong choice; and/or, disciplining, in case it was a deliberate act. The problem of inattention, however, cannot be solved by these approaches. For our inattention, we are accustomed to blaming tiredness, problems at home, outside distractions, and other external factors not in our control. Recent research has identified that more than 95% of personal safety incidents involved inattention (the autopilot mode) leading to an unsafe act. Co-incidentally, the latest neuro-scientific research has discovered that 95% of our actions are subconscious. People can not always control distractions and external factors, but they can influence their subconscious actions (their habits) so what they do in autopilot is the safest thereby preventing many incidents—not just for safety but also for other areas of business.

Truth Matters: Cognitive Integrity as an Intervention for Self-Deception

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Isabel Gorlin ◽  
Michael W. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Empirical Validation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adaptive Problem

To live well in the present, we take direction from the past. Yet, individuals may engage in a variety of behaviors that distort their past and current circumstances, reducing the likelihood of adaptive problem solving and decision making. In this article, we attend to self-deception as one such class of behaviors. Drawing upon research showing both the maladaptive consequences and self-perpetuating nature of self-deception, we propose that self-deception is an understudied risk and maintaining factor for psychopathology, and we introduce a “cognitive-integrity”-based approach that may hold promise for increasing the reach and effectiveness of our existing therapeutic interventions. Pending empirical validation of this theoretically-informed approach, we posit that patients may become more informed and autonomous agents in their own therapeutic growth by becoming more honest with themselves.

Evidence-based Assessment

2010 ◽  
pp. 76-98
Author(s):  
John Hunsley ◽  
Eric J. Mash
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Assessment ◽  
The Many ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

Evidence-based assessment relies on research and theory to inform the selection of constructs to be assessed for a specific assessment purpose, the methods and measures to be used in the assessment, and the manner in which the assessment process unfolds. An evidence-based approach to clinical assessment necessitates the recognition that, even when evidence-based instruments are used, the assessment process is a decision-making task in which hypotheses must be iteratively formulated and tested. In this chapter, we review (a) the progress that has been made in developing an evidence-based approach to clinical assessment in the past decade and (b) the many challenges that lie ahead if clinical assessment is to be truly evidence-based.

A Big Thank You to our Reviewers in the Past Year!

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (02) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
The Past

Good reviewers are essential to the success of any journal and peer review is a major pillar of science. We are grateful to those mentioned below to have dedicated their time and expertise to help our authors improve and refine their manuscripts and support the Editor(s) in the decision making process in the past year.

Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights: Four Realms of Discussion: Summary of Remarks

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 242-245
Author(s):  
Jootaek Lee
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Human Reasoning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Making Choices ◽  
Data Capturing ◽  
Intensive Procedures

The term, Artificial Intelligence (AI), has changed since it was first coined by John MacCarthy in 1956. AI, believed to have been created with Kurt Gödel's unprovable computational statements in 1931, is now called deep learning or machine learning. AI is defined as a computer machine with the ability to make predictions about the future and solve complex tasks, using algorithms. The AI algorithms are enhanced and become effective with big data capturing the present and the past while still necessarily reflecting human biases into models and equations. AI is also capable of making choices like humans, mirroring human reasoning. AI can help robots to efficiently repeat the same labor intensive procedures in factories and can analyze historic and present data efficiently through deep learning, natural language processing, and anomaly detection. Thus, AI covers a spectrum of augmented intelligence relating to prediction, autonomous intelligence relating to decision making, automated intelligence for labor robots, and assisted intelligence for data analysis.

scholarly journals Legacies of Racial Violence: Clarifying and Addressing the Presence of the Past

2021 ◽  
Vol 694 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
David Cunningham ◽  
Hedwig Lee ◽  
Geoff Ward
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Racial Violence ◽  
Civic Leaders ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
The Past

Scholars increasingly agree that histories of racial violence relate to contemporary patterns of conflict and inequality, and growing interest exists among civic leaders in reckoning with these legacies today. This volume examines the contributions and limitations of scientific research on legacies of racial violence and suggests implications for policy, practice, and other forms of intervention aimed at redress.

scholarly journals How Does Governance Influence Decision Making on Projects and in Project-Based Organizations?

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 670-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Turner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Organizational Psychology ◽  
Project Performance ◽  
The Past

Research on the governance of project management suggests governmentality and governance are associated with improved project performance. However, the mechanism is unknown. We propose that they influence decision making, which, in turn, improves performance. Few articles on governance comment directly on how governance influences decision making. We identify six areas of organizational psychology that influence decision making, and study what research on the governance of project management suggests about how governance influences those six areas. We review 36 articles on the governance of project management published in the past six years in the three main journals in project management.

Decision making: How the past guides the future in frontal cortex

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. R303-R306
Author(s):  
Bharath Chandra Talluri ◽  
Anke Braun ◽  
T.H. Donner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Chlorine-free synthesis: An overview

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Tundo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Special Topic ◽  
Ozone Layer Depletion ◽  
The Past ◽  
Process Chemistry ◽  
End Products ◽  
Chemical Strategies ◽  
Topic Issue

Since the Industrial Revolution, chlorine has featured as an iconic molecule in process chemistry even though its production by electrolysis of sodium chloride is very energy-intensive. Owing to its high energy and reactivity, chlorine allows the manufacture of chlorinated derivatives in a very easy way: AlCl3, SnCl4, TiCl4, SiCl4, ZnCl2, PCl3, PCl5, POCl3, COCl2, etc. in turn are pillar intermediates in the production of numerous everyday goods. This kind of chloride chemistry is widely used because the energy is transferred to these intermediates, making further syntheses easy. The environmental and health constraints (toxicity and eco-toxicity, ozone layer depletion) and the growing need for energy (energy efficiency, climate change) force us to take advantage from available knowledge to develop new chemical strategies. Substitution of chlorine in end products in compounds where “chlorine is used in the making” means that we avoid electrolysis as primary energetic source; this makes chemistry “without chlorine” considerably more difficult and illustrates why it has not found favor in the past. The rationale behind this Special Topic issue is to seek useful and industrially relevant examples for alternatives to chlorine in synthesis, so as to facilitate the development of industrially relevant and implementable breakthrough technologies.

Grundrechtliche Einordnung sozialer Netzwerke vor dem Hintergrund des Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetzes (NetzDG)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Giere
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Media Freedom ◽  
Penal Law ◽  
Political Decision Making

The influence on public opinion of social networks such as Facebook and Twitter regarding the process of political decision-making is constantly evolving. However, the discussion whether these networks are holders of the fundamental right of media freedom is still in its "infancy stage". This piece takes up this topic, which is practically relevant, but still lacks adequate scientific research. Against this background, the paper addresses the Network Enforcement Act (NetzDG) which came into effect in Germany on 1 October 2017. With this law, the federal legislature has imposed proactive inspection obligations on certain providers of social networks. Operators are now legally required to check contents to ensure it does not violate German penal law.

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