Testing for Density-Dependent Marine Survival in Pacific Salmonids

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1434-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall M. Peterman
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Key Words Density ◽  
Marine Survival ◽  
Pacific Salmonids

Marine survival data for several different salmonid stocks were reviewed to determine whether there was significant density-dependent survival occurring in the ocean. Four classes of interaction were examined: (1) within-cohorts, (2) between-cohorts, (3) between stocks on the same or nearby rivers, and (4) between stocks of distant rivers. Results of statistical tests indicate that some stocks do not produce an increase in adult returns with increased smolt abundance, and that marine survival rate of other stocks is affected by abundance of other cohorts or stocks. Only a few stocks exhibit these density-dependent relations, but given present data, it is impossible to predict the frequency of occurrence of such limiting processes in future enhanced stocks. Salmonid enhancement planning is discussed in the context of this uncertainty and experimental enhancement projects are suggested that aim to obtain information about marine survival processes as well as additional catches. Key words: density dependent, marine survival, salmonids, experimental enhancement, stock interaction, adaptive

scholarly journals Ex-Situ Study on Density Dependent Survival after Handling Yolk Sac Larvae of Snow Trout, Schizothorax plagiostomus Heckel

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Bahuguna ◽  
R.S. Negi ◽  
M.K. Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Garhwal Himalaya ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Snow Trout ◽  
Stripping Method ◽  
River Ganga ◽  
Food Fish ◽  
Schizothorax Plagiostomus

Snow trout, Schizothorax plagiostomus (Heckel) is most important commercial food fish of Garhwal Himalaya inhabited among the snow fed tributaries of river Ganga. In present study the induced breeding were carried out by stripping method and it was noticed that the survival of larvae were high, near (95-100%), at high density and the lowest survival rate was observed at the lowest density (less than 5%). The mechanism responsible for the observed density dependent survival was not under stood. It is possible that the concentration of substance secreted by larvae as well as change in larval behaviors is responsible factors for survival in higher concentration. Key words: Survival, Schizothorax plagiostomus, density, Garhwal HimalayaDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2562Our Nature (2009) 7:146-150

Tinospora cordifolia Aqueous Extract Alleviates Cyclophosphamide- Induced Immune Suppression, Toxicity and Systemic Candidiasis in Immunosuppressed Mice: In vivo Study in Comparison to Antifungal Drug Fluconazole

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1055-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faris Alrumaihi ◽  
Khaled S. Allemailem ◽  
Ahmad Almatroudi ◽  
Mohammed A. Alsahli ◽  
Arif Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Systemic Candidiasis ◽  
Organ Index ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Fungal Load ◽  
Enhanced Secretion

Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia (AETC) against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and systemic Candida albicans infection in a murine model. Methods: The protective effect of AETC against cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia was evaluated by quantitative and qualitative analysis of the leukocytes. The immune-stimulating potential of AETC on macrophages was assessed by determining the levels of secreted cytokines. To determine the direct antifungal activity, AETC or fluconazole was administered to C. albicans infected mice. The efficacy of treatment was assessed by determining the survival rate, kidney fungal burden, the organ index and liver inflammation parameters. Results: Cyclophosphamide administration resulted in substantial depletion of leukocytes, whereas AETC treatment induced the recovery of leukocytes in cyclophosphamide-injected mice. Moreover, AETC treatment of macrophages resulted in enhanced secretion of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β. C. albicans infected mice treated with AETC at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg exhibited 40% and 60% survival rate, whereas the mice treated with fluconazole at a dose of 50 mg/kg showed 20% survival rate. Like survival data, the fungal load was found to be the lowest in the kidney tissues of mice treated with AETC at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Interestingly, mice infected with C. albicans demonstrated improvement in the organ indices and liver functioning after AETC treatment. Conclusion: These results suggest that AETC may potentially be used to rejuvenate the weakened immune system and eliminate systemic candidiasis in mice.

AIDS-Related Kaposi’s Sarcoma: Evaluation of Potential New Prognostic Factors and Assessment of the AIDS Clinical Trial Group Staging System in the Haart Era—the Italian Cooperative Group on AIDS and Tumors and the Italian Cohort of Patients Naïve From Antiretrovirals

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 2876-2882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Nasti ◽  
Renato Talamini ◽  
Andrea Antinori ◽  
Ferdinando Martellotta ◽  
Gaia Jacchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Clinical Staging

Purpose: To assess potential new prognostic factors and to validate the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) for AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma (AIDS-KS) staging system in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. Patients and Methods: We collected epidemiologic, clinical, staging, and survival data from 211 patients with AIDS-KS enrolled in two prospective Italian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cohort studies. We included in the analysis all patients with the diagnosis of KS made from January 1996, the time at which HAART became available in Italy. Results: In the univariate analysis, survival was not influenced by sex, age, level of HIV viremia at KS diagnosis, HAART at KS diagnosis (HAART-naïve v HAART-experienced), or type of HAART combination. Regarding ACTG classification, the 3-year survival rate was 85% for T0 patients and 69% for T1 patients (P = .007), 83% for S0 patients and 63% for S1 patients (P = .003), and 83% for I0 patients and 71% for I1 patients (P = .06). In the multivariate analysis, only the combination of poor tumor stage (T1) and poor systemic disease (S1) risk identified patients with unfavorable prognosis. The 3-year survival rate of patients with T1S1 was 53%, which was significantly lower compared with the 3-year survival rates of patients with T0S0, T1S0, and T0S1, which were 88%, 80%, and 81%, respectively (P = .0001). Conclusion: In the era of HAART, a refinement of the original ACTG staging system is needed. CD4 level does not seem to provide prognostic information. Two different risk categories are identified: a good risk (T0S0, T1S0, T0S1) and a poor risk (T1S1).

scholarly journals In vitro Propagation of Solanum capsicoides All. – An Important Therapeutic Agent 'Kantakari'

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
N.P. Anish ◽  
M.G. Rajesh ◽  
Jiby Elias ◽  
N. Jayan
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Shoot Induction ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants

Shoot tip explants from in vitro germinated seedlings of Solanum capsicoides All. inoculated on MS containing 2 mg/l BA produced maximum shoot induction response (26 shoots per explant). Rooting of the microshoots (19.4 roots per explant) was obtained better in half strength of MS supplemented with NAA (0.5 mg/l). Well rooted plantlets were successfully hardened with 80 per cent survival rate.   Key words: Solanum capsicoides, Propagation, Therapeutic agent   D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v20i2.6912   Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 20(2): 179-184, 2010 (December)

scholarly journals Utilization of life feed Alona sp., Boiled Egg Yolk and Commercial Feed Toward Survival Rate of Betta Fish Larvae

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Mikraim J. Kaseger ◽  
Henneke Pangkey ◽  
Diane J. Kusen ◽  
Henky Manoppo ◽  
Winda M. Mingkid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
One Way Anova

The purpose of this study was to find out the survival rates of betta fish larvae (cupang) that were given life feed Alona sp., boiled egg yolk and commercial feed for 21 days. Data analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA, and continued with BNJ (Tukey) test. The result of the survival rate is as follow treatment with life feed Alona sp. 56%, treatment with boiled egg yolk 26%, and treatment with commercial feed 0%. The results of statistical tests show there are significant differences.  Significant value p <.0002 (<.05). Water quality parameter measured during the study was temperature of 26 ºC.Keywords: betta fish larvae, life feed, Alona sp., survival rateABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan laju kelangsungan hidup larva ikan betta (cupang) yang dibeerikan pakan alami Alona sp., rebusan kuning telur dan pakan komersil selama 21 hari.  Analisis data dilakukan dengan ANOVA one way, dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ (Tukey).  Hasil laju kelangsungan hidup adalah sebagai berikut, perlakuan dengan pakan alami Alona sp. 56%, perlakuan dengan rebusan kuning telur 26%, dan perlakuan dengan pakan komersil 0%.  Hasil uji statistik menunjukan adanya perbedaan yang nyata.  Nilai signifikan p <.0002 (<.05).  Parameter kualitas air yang diukur selama penelitian adalah suhu 26ºC.Keywords: larva ikan betta, pakan alami, Alona sp., kelangsungan hidup

Fallopian Tube and Primary Peritoneal Carcinomas Associated With BRCA Mutations

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 4222-4227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Levine ◽  
Peter A. Argenta ◽  
Cindy J. Yee ◽  
David S. Marshall ◽  
Narciso Olvera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Brca Mutation ◽  
Ashkenazi Jewish ◽  
Founder Mutations ◽  
Peritoneal Carcinoma ◽  
Brca Mutations ◽  
Mutation Carriers ◽  
Brca Mutation Carriers

Purpose: The aims of this study were to determine the incidence of BRCA mutations among Ashkenazi Jewish patients with fallopian tube carcinoma (FTC) or primary peritoneal carcinoma (PPC), to study the clinicopathologic features of these cancers, and to estimate the risks of these cancers in association with a BRCA mutation. Patients and Methods: A retrospective review at two institutions identified 29 Jewish patients with FTC and 22 Jewish patients with PPC. These patients were genotyped for the three Ashkenazi Jewish BRCA founder mutations (185delAG and 5382insC in BRCA1 and 6174delT in BRCA2). Surgical and pathologic information, family history, and survival data were obtained from hospital records. All statistical tests were two sided. Results: Germline BRCA mutations were identified in five of 29 patients with FTC (17%) and nine of 22 patients with PPC (41%). Mutation carriers had a younger mean age at diagnosis than patients without a mutation (60 v 70 years; P = .002). The overall median survival was 148 months for mutation carriers and 41 months for patients without a mutation (P = .04). For BRCA mutation carriers, the lifetime risks of FTC and PPC were 0.6% and 1.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Substantial proportions of Ashkenazi Jewish patients with FTC or PPC are BRCA mutation carriers. Patients with BRCA-associated FTC or PPC are younger at diagnosis and have improved survival compared with patients without a BRCA mutation. Although the lifetime risks of FTC or PPC for patients with BRCA heterozygotes are greater than those for the general population, the absolute risks seem relatively low.

P1810 Impact of pulmonary hypertension on survival in patients with degenerative aortic stenosis, prospective clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Mercea ◽  
R Ianos ◽  
C Pop ◽  
D Pop ◽  
D Zdrenghea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Severe Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Logrank Test ◽  
Pulmonary Pressure

Abstract Introduction Aortic stenosis has become the most common degenerative valvular heart disease, due to aging of the population. It represents 43% of degenerative valvular disease. Methods We prospectively followed 196 patients with degenerative aortic stenosis, for a period of 6 years. Of these, 106 had mild aortic stenosis, 28 had moderate aortic stenosis and 62 patients had severe aortic stenosis. Of the 196 patients, 54 had mild pulmonary hypertension (PH), 22 had moderate PH and 7 had severe PH. The survival data were estimated by the Kaplan - Meier method and the logrank test. The Cox proportional- hazards regression was performed to assess the differences between the groups. Results During the follow-up period, of a total of 196 patients, 61 patients died. We studied if the presence of PH has an influence on survival in patients with aortic stenosis and we found out that the patients who had PH had reduced survival rates, compared with those who hadn"t. The survival rate at 5 years was lower in the group with mild PH compared with the group with normal pulmonary pressure ( p = 0.045, HR 1.84, 95%CI 1.01-3.36). In the group with mild PH, 20 patients (37.03%) died at 5 years, compared with 23 in the group without PH (20.35%). The survival rate at 5 years was also lower in the group with moderate PH compared with the group with normal pulmonary pressure ( p = 0.001, HR 5.82, 95% CI 3.02-11.22). At 5 years, 15 patients with moderate PH died ( 68.18% compared with 20.35 in the group without PH). Comparing the group with severe PH with the group with normal pulmonary pressure the results showed a reduced survival rate in those with severe pulmonary hypertension ( p = 0.139, HR 2.48, 95% CI 0.74-8.27). At 5 years, 3 patients with severe PH died (42.85% compared with 20.35 in the group without PH). Conclusion The presence of PH in patients with degenerative aortic stenosis has a negative impact on survival, highly statistically significant (p &lt;0.001, HR 1.03, 95% CI, 1.02-1.04). Given these findings, perhaps an increased attention should be paid to the treatment of the patients with PH compared to those without PH.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Marsdenia brunoniana Wight & Arn. - A rare antidiabetic plant

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ugraiah ◽  
S. Karuppusamy ◽  
T. Pullaiah
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Plant Micropropagation ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Shoot multiplication of M. brunoniana Wight & Arn. was achieved from the nodal explants of mature plants using MS with different concentrations and combina-tions of growth regulators. Maximum explant response and highest number of shoots per explant was obtained on MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg/l BAP. The highest degree of shoot proliferation was found to be 90%. The combination of BAP and Kn was also found to be effective for regeneration. The regenerated shoots were successfully rooted on MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA, after sequential hardening; survival rate was 90%.  Key words: Marsdenia brunoniana, Medinal plant, Micropropagation, Conservation D. O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v20i1.5958 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 20(1): 7-12, 2010 (June)

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Transarterial Chemoembolization Combined With Anlotinib for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 153303382096558
Author(s):  
Wenbo Guo ◽  
Song Chen ◽  
Zhiqiang Wu ◽  
Wenquan Zhuang ◽  
Jianyong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Transarterial Chemoembolization ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Survival Difference

Objective: This study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of using transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with anlotinib in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, compared with TACE alone. Methods: This was a single-center study, retrospectively recruited 82 unresectable HCC patients who received either TACE alone (TA group; n = 46) or TACE combined with anlotinib (TC group; n = 36) between Jan 2018 and Jan 2019. The primary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). While the secondary outcomes were the objective response rate (ORR), the disease control rate (DCR), and main complications. Log-rank test and Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate the survival difference. All statistical tests were 2-sided and P value <0.05 were taken as statistically significant. Results: Patients in TC group had a significant higher PFS than those in TA group (7.35 months vs. 5.54 months, p = 0.035). Although 3-month survival rate in the 2 groups was not statistically different (97.2% vs. 93.5%, p = 0.627), the survival rate at 6 months and 1 year were strongly higher in TC group (83.3% vs. 56.5%, p = 0.016; 66.7% vs. 19.6%, respectively, p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significantly higher ORR in TC group, while no statistical difference existed in DCR. Neither treatment-related mortality nor grade 4 adverse events (AEs) occurred. However, 2 patients in TC group had grade 3 AEs (one suffered with erythra, and the other with hand-foot-skin reaction), which disappeared after prompt treatment. Conclusion: TACE combined with anlotinib is safe and may improve outcomes for unresectable HCC patients comparing with TACE alone. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to further evaluate treatment effects of anlotinib in HCC.

scholarly journals Developmental stages of a mottled emigrant butterfly, catopsilia pyranthe

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Arju ◽  
MA Bashar ◽  
G Moula
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Laboratory Condition ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Life Cycle Duration

The overall life cycle, duration and survival rate of different developmental stages (egg, larva and pupa) of Catopsilia pyranthe conducted at 27 ± 3°C and RH 75% ± 2. showed that within 6.4 days 68% eggs hatched. The average duration from egg to adult, larval stage and pupal were 23.87, 10.93 and 6.8 days, respectively. Fifty six out of 68 larvae successfully completed their whole 5 instars. There were positive correlation among the larval instars, amount of food consumption and excretion of faeces. About 52% pupa were emerged as adult at laboratory condition. Key words: Life cycle; Catopsilia pyranthe; Developmental stages; Rearing DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v19i2.8961 DUJBS 2010; 19(2): 171-179

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