Dietary Intake and Nutritional Characteristics in Wild American Lobsters (Homarus americanus)

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 965-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Leavitt ◽  
R. C. Bayer ◽  
M. L. Gallagher ◽  
J. H. Rittenburg
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Molt Cycle ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Mineral Constituent ◽  
The Relationship

Nutrient and essential amino acid analyses of the stomach contents of wild adult American lobsters (Homarus americanus) collected from offshore and inshore populations indicated lobsters consumed varying nutrient levels according to their stage of molt. For example, soft-shell lobsters ate a higher level of mineral constituent. The location of the animal had no effect on the level of nutrient intake. The essential amino acid composition of the protein in the stomach remained the same throughout the molt cycle, but indicated a change in protein source with the location of the animal. The relationship between crude protein and gross energy was constant suggesting its importance in the nutrition of the lobster. Based on this study, we recommend a basal level of nutrient constituents for ration formulation. Key words: American lobster, natural intake, dietary formulation

scholarly journals Amino Acid Characteristics of Nigerian Local Cheese (‘Wara’)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Adeyeye EI ◽  
◽  
Idowu OT ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Excellent Source ◽  
Better Than

This article reports the amino acid composition of the Nigerian local cheese called ‘wara’. ‘Wara’ is made by boiling cow milk with some added coagulant to cuddle the milk protein resulting in coagulated milk protein and whey. ‘Wara’ used to be an excellent source of nutrients such as proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins. Samples were purchased in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Amino acid values were high (g/100g crude protein) in Leu, Asp, Glu, Pro, Phe, Arg with total value of 97.7. The quality parameters of the amino acids were: TEAA (42.6g/100g and 43.6%) whereas TNEAA (55.1g/100g and 56.4%); TArAA (12.8g/100g and 13.1%); TBAA (14.2g/100g and 14.5%); TSAA (3.10g/100g and 3.17%); %Cys in TSAA (51.4); Leu/Ile ratio (1.74); P-PER1 (2.65); P-PER2 (2.48); P-PER3 (2.41); EAAI1 (soybean standard) (1.29) and EAAI2 (egg standard) (99.9); BV (97.2) and Lys/Trp ratio (3.62). The statistical analysis of TEAA/TNEAA at r=0.01 was not significantly different. On the amino acid scores, Met was limiting (0.459) at egg comparison, Lys was limiting at both FAO/WHO [24] and preschool EAA requirements with respective values of 0.966 and 0.97. Estimates of essential amino acid requirements at ages 10-12 years (mg/kg/day) showed the ‘wara’ sample to be better than the standard by 3.72-330% with Lys (3.72%) being least better and Trp (330%) being most. The results showed that ‘wara’ is protein-condensed which can be eaten as raw cheese, flavoured snack, sandwich filling or fried cake.

Crude protein and essential amino acid requirements in chicks during the first week posthatch

2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sklan ◽  
Y. Noy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements

Comparative Effects of Dry- and Moist-Heating Treatments on the Biochemical Characteristics of Terminalia catappa L. Seed

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Ezeokonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Total Dietary Fibre ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

The effects of dry- (roasting) and moist-heat (boiling) treatments on the biochemical characteristics of Terminalia catappa (tropical almond) seed were determined. There were no significant differences in crude protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrate content of the seeds with respect to processing. Boiling increased significantly ( P < 0.05) the crude fibre, however roasting reduced it. Roasting had a better effect on the total dietary fibre (TDF) and gross energy level of the seeds than boiling. There were no significant differences in the effects of both processes on the amino acid, fatty acid and sugar profiles of the seeds. Roasting improved the potassium, phosphorus, copper and iodine, reducing the magnesium, calcium, zinc and iron contents. Boiling improved the sodium and selenium and reduced the potassium, magnesium and calcium levels.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Levels on Fecal Crude Protein, Amino Acids Flow Amount, Fecal and Ileal Microbial Amino Acids Composition and Amino Acid Digestibility in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2092
Author(s):  
Zhenguo Yang ◽  
Tianle He ◽  
Gifty Ziema Bumbie ◽  
Hong Hu ◽  
Qingju Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Amino Acids Composition ◽  
Protein Amino Acids

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of low protein corn-soybean meal-based diets on fecal CP, amino acid (AA) flow amount, AA digestibility and fecal and ileal microbial AA composition in growing pigs. Eighteen pigs (initial body weight = 30 ± 1.35) were randomly divided into three groups and fed with basal diets with CP levels of 12%, 15% and 18%, respectively. The Lys, Met + Cys, Thr and Trp level in the 12% CP and 15% CP groups is the same as 18% CP group by the addition of four crystalline Lys, Met + Cys, Thr and Trp to the diet. The results showed that with the decrease of dietary CP level from 18% to 12%, the fecal total nitrogen (N), CP and total AA (TAA) flow amount decreased linearly (p < 0.05). Dry matter (DM) digestibility, CP digestibility, TAA digestibility, essential amino acid (EAA) digestibility and non-essential amino acid (NEAA) digestibility increased linearly with the decrease of dietary CP concentration from 18% to 12%. Compared with 18% CP group, the flow amount of Asp, Ser, Glu, Gly, Tyr, Val, Leu and Phe in feces of pigs in the 15% CP group and 12% CP group decreased significantly, while the flow amount of Arg in the 15% CP group was lower than that in the 18% CP group and 12% CP group. The fecal microbial N and AA of the 15% CP group were higher than those of the 18% CP and 12% CP groups. Fecal TAA flow amount decreased linearly with the decrease of the dietary CP levels from 18% to 12%. Fecal TAA and NEAA flow amount also decreased linearly with the decrease of dietary CP level from 18% to 12%. Except for Glu, Gly, Met, Tyr, Thr and Phe, there were significant differences among the three groups in the composition of 17 kinds of AAs in fecal microorganisms. Among the 17 AA compositions of ileal microorganisms, except Tyr and Lys, the other AAs were significantly different among the three groups (p < 0.05)

NGROWOT FASTING URGENCY IN TASAWUF PERSPECTIVE AND HEALTH SCIENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Alvin Nur Zahro
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Spiritual Power ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Ngrowot fasting is one of the fasting traditions of Java (kejawen) which is based on the Javanese calendar, with the intention to increase metaphysical spiritual power. Perpetrators of fasting may eat as normal days, but are restricted not allowed to eat from the basic ingredients of rice, can be replaced with tubers, corn, yams. This study aims to determine the urgency of fasting ngrowot in the perspective of Sufism with the relationship in health science. The method used in this research is library research which takes data from books, journals, magazines, documents or pure library research related to the object of research. Suarni's research results, 2009 showed that corn contained food fiber, essential fatty acids, isoflavones, minerals, b-carotene, essential amino acid composition, and others. The fasting of ngrowot perspective of sufism and health science can cause the fasting person to ngrowot his soul to be calmer and more enthusiastic to carry out worship to Allah SWT.

scholarly journals A comparative evaluation of functions for partitioning nitrogen and amino acid intake between maintenance and growth in broilers

2007 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. KEBREAB ◽  
J. FRANCE ◽  
H. DARMANI KUHI ◽  
S. LOPEZ
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Amino Acid Intake ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Growth Experiments ◽  
Good Agreement

SUMMARYThe results from three types of study with broilers, namely nitrogen (N) balance, bioassays and growth experiments, provided the data used herein. Sets of data on N balance and protein accretion (bioassay studies) were used to assess the ability of the monomolecular equation to describe the relationship between (i) N balance and amino acid (AA) intake and (ii) protein accretion and AA intake. The model estimated the levels of isoleucine, lysine, valine, threonine, methionine, total sulphur AAs and tryptophan resulting in zero balance to be 58, 59, 80, 96, 23, 85 and 32 mg/kg live weight (LW)/day, respectively. These estimates show good agreement with those obtained in previous studies. For the growth experiments, four models, specifically re-parameterized for analysing energy balance data, were evaluated for their ability to determine crude protein (CP) intake at maintenance and efficiency of utilization of CP intake for producing gain. They were: a straight line, two equations representing diminishing returns behaviour (monomolecular and rectangular hyperbola) and one equation describing smooth sigmoidal behaviour with a fixed point of inflexion (Gompertz). The estimates of CP requirement for maintenance and efficiency of utilization of CP intake for producing gain varied from 5·4 to 5·9 g/kg LW/day and 0·60 to 0·76, respectively, depending on the models.

scholarly journals Apparent digestibility of nutrients, energy, and amino acid of nontoxic and detoxified physic nut cakes for Nile tilapia

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 849-853
Author(s):  
Hamilton Hisano ◽  
Marco Aurélio Lopes Della Flora ◽  
José Luiz Pilecco ◽  
Simone Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Apparent Digestibility Coefficient ◽  
Gross Energy

Abstract:The objective of this work was to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients, energy, and amino acids of nontoxic and detoxified physic nut cakes treated with solvent plus posterior extrusion, for Nile tilapia. The apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein and gross energy were higher for detoxified than for nontoxic physic nut cake. However, the apparent digestibility coefficient of ether extract of the nontoxic physic nut cake was higher than that of the detoxified one. The apparent digestibility coefficient of amino acids of both feed ingredients was superior to 80%, except for glycine, for the nontoxic psychic nut cake, and for threonine, for the detoxified one. Nontoxic and detoxified physic nut cakes show apparent digestibility coefficient values equivalent to those of the other evaluated oilseeds and potential for inclusion in Nile tilapia diets.

scholarly journals ISOLASI PROTEIN DAN PRODUKSI KONSENTRAT PROTEIN DAUN (KPD) SEBAGAI SUPLEMEN PAKAN TERNAK

Pastura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Yatno Yatno ◽  
Suparjo Suparjo ◽  
Rasmi Murni
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Isoelectric Point ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Ph Buffer

The research aim to determine the effect of extraction using various combination of pH alkaline-acid to protein and amino acid content of Lamtoro Protein Concentrate Leaf (LPCL). Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 5 replications. The Lamtoro Leaf Meal (LLM) (50 gram) was blended in NaOH (200 ml) for 15 menit and centrifuged to separate the supernatant from extracted LLM. The extracted LLM was re-extracted with buffer acetat pH 4,6 and sentrifuged again to separate supernantant from extracted LLM. Both supernatant from NaOH and buffera acetat pH 4,6 extraction were mixed and precipitated with buffer phospat until isoelectric point. The treatments were tested consisted of extracted with NaOH pH 8, NaOH pH 9 and NaOH pH 10. The parameters measured; isoelectric point at precipited, crude protein, total amino acid (TAA), total essential amino acid (TEAA) and individual amino acid. The results showed that the precipited obtained isoelectric point pH 7 was 2.66; 1.03 and 2.58 gram at the extraction treatments using NaOH at pH 8, 9 and 10, respectively. LPCL extracted using NaOH at pH 9 and 10 contained a high crude protein of 54.82 and 52.60% higher than the extraction using NaOH at pH 8 of 46.98%. The total amount of amino acid and essential amino acid (AAE) of LPCL were highest in treatment using NaOH at pH 10 of 26,58; 13.31 %, respectively. Combination extraction LLM using pH buffer 10 followed by re-extract using acetate buffer pH 4,6 contains crude protein and good essential amino acid, especially leucine. Conclution of the research that the combination extraction using NaOH at pH 10 and followed by re-extract using acetate buffer at pH 4.6 is the best treatment contain crude protein and essential amino acid at LPCL. Keywords : Crude protein, essential amico acid, extraction.

Increasing dietary crude protein does not increase the essential amino acid requirements of kittens*

2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 344-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Strieker ◽  
J. G. Morris ◽  
Q. R. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements
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