Changes in the Apparent Temperature Optima of the Plankton of Lake Michigan at Chicago, Illinois

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1169-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Makarewicz ◽  
R. I. Baybutt ◽  
K. Damann
Keyword(s):  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Plankton Community ◽  
Apparent Temperature ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Seasonal Periodicity ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Plankton Distribution ◽  
Temperature Optima ◽  
Water Species

Forty years (1937–76) of data from Lake Michigan water intakes at Chicago, Illinois, were examined to explain reported differences in the apparent temperature optima of phytoplankton. The bimodal seasonal plankton distribution, typical at Chicago, still occurs. However, there has been a shift in seasonal periodicity with spring peaks occurring in March from 1957 to 1976 instead of May–June as previously reported for 1937–56. An optimum temperature of 10 °C for the plankton community was observed between 1936 and 1956, while for the last 20 yr an optimum temperature range from 0 to 4 °C was observed. This change in optimum temperature of the plankton community is related to a change in the abundance of the genera Asterionella, Fragilaria, Stephanodiscus, and Tabellaria. Asterionella and Fragilaria were the dominant spring plankton with maximum standing crops observed around 10 °C prior to 1956. Stephanodiscus first increased significantly in 1957 and was the dominant spring plankter through 1976. More recently (1972–76), blue-green algae have increased in numbers. Differences in apparent temperature optima reported are real and are caused by the emergence of cold water species of Stephanodiscus as the dominant spring plankter from 1957 to 1976. Key words: plankton, temperature optima, Lake Michigan

scholarly journals Salinity effects on cultured Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) from high latitudes: new paleoenvironmental insights

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Bertlich ◽  
Nikolaus Gussone ◽  
Jasper Berndt ◽  
Heinrich F. Arlinghaus ◽  
Gerhard S. Dieckmann
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Neogloboquadrina Pachyderma ◽  
Antarctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Water Species ◽  
Cold Water Species

AbstractThis study presents culture experiments of the cold water species Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) and provides new insights into the incorporation of elements in foraminiferal calcite of common and newly established proxies for paleoenvironmental applications (shell Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Na/Ca). Specimens were collected from sea ice during the austral winter in the Antarctic Weddell Sea and subsequently cultured at different salinities and a constant temperature. Incorporation of the fluorescent dye calcein showed new chamber formation in the culture at salinities of 30, 31, and 69. Cultured foraminifers at salinities of 46 to 83 only revealed chamber wall thickening, indicated by the fluorescence of the whole shell. Signs of reproduction and the associated gametogenic calcite were not observed in any of the culture experiments. Trace element analyses were performed using an electron microprobe, which revealed increased shell Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Na/Ca values at higher salinities, with Mg/Ca showing the lowest sensitivity to salinity changes. This study enhances the knowledge about unusually high element concentrations in foraminifera shells from high latitudes. Neogloboquadrina pachyderma appears to be able to calcify in the Antarctic sea ice within brine channels, which have low temperatures and exceptionally high salinities due to ongoing sea ice formation.

Quantifying the influence of cold water intrusions in a shallow, coastal system across contrasting years: Green Bay, Lake Michigan

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 851-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brice K. Grunert ◽  
Shelby L. Brunner ◽  
Sajad A. Hamidi ◽  
Hector R. Bravo ◽  
J. Val Klump
Keyword(s):  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Green Bay ◽  
Coastal System

scholarly journals Oxythermal habitat as a primary driver of ecological niche and genetic diversity in cisco (Coregonus artedi)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan C Grow ◽  
Kyle D Zimmer ◽  
Jennifer L Cruise ◽  
Simon K Emms ◽  
Loren M Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Isotopic Niche ◽  
Coregonus Artedi ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
Water Species ◽  
Cold Water Species

Cisco (Coregonus artedi) are threatened by climate change and lake eutrophication, and their oxythermal habitat can be assessed with TDO3, the water temperature at which dissolved oxygen equals 3 mg L-1. We assessed the influence of TDO3 on cisco habitat use, genetic diversity, diets, and isotopic niche in 32 lakes ranging from oligotrophic to eutrophic. Results showed that as TDO3 increased cisco were captured higher in the water column, in a narrower band, with higher minimum temperatures and lower minimum dissolved oxygen. TDO3 was also negatively related to cisco allelic richness and expected heterozygosity, likely driven by summer kill events. Moreover, TDO3 influenced the isotopic niche of cisco, as fish captured deeper were more depleted in δ13C and more enriched in δ15N compared to epilimnetic baselines. Lastly, cisco in high TDO3 lakes consumed more Daphnia, had fewer empty stomachs, and achieved larger body size. Our work identifies specific characteristics of cisco populations that respond to climate change and eutrophication effects, and provides a framework for understanding responses of other cold-water species at the global scale.

scholarly journals Lipidomic study of the influence of dietary fatty acids on structural lipids of cold-water nudibranch molluscs

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey B. Imbs ◽  
Valeria P. Grigorchuk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Alkyl Groups ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Trophic Markers ◽  
Water Species ◽  
Cold Water Species

AbstractNudibranch molluscs occur in marine ecosystems worldwide and prey on numerous invertebrate species. During feeding, dietary fatty acids (FAs) unusual for nudibranchs are transferred to their lipids. Normal biomembrane functions require stable composition of structural polar lipids (PL), but the pathways of dietary FA utilization to PL in nudibranchs still remain unknown. A combination of chromatography and tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to determine total lipid, PL, FA, and PL molecular species composition of two cold-water species of Dendronotus, which then were compared with those of Tritonia tetraquetra. The use of FA trophic markers showed that Dendronotus sp. and T. tetraquetra prey on different soft corals, while D. robustus may consumes hydrocorals and bryozoans. Nudibranch FA profiles were strongly modified by dietary FAs but their PL profilers were similar. Dietary FAs are not included in ceramide aminoethylphosphonate and inositol glycerophospholipids, but directed to ethanolamine, choline, and serine glycerophospholipids and, in some cases, form isobaric molecular species with different FA chain lengths. For such isobaric species, nudibranchs reduce the length of alkyl groups when very-long-chain FAs are obtained with diet. This molecular mechanism may explain the adaptation of nudibranch membrane structure to dietary input of unusual FAs.

A new species of deep-sea Dendronotus Alder & Hancock (Mollusca:Nudibranchia) from California, with an expanded phylogeny of the genus

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla C. Stout ◽  
Nerida G. Wilson ◽  
Ángel Valdés
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Pacific Species ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Water Species ◽  
Cold Water Species

Dendronotus patricki, sp. nov. is a new species collected from a whalefall in the Monterey Canyon, California. This new species is characterised by having a small number of dorsal appendages compared with similarly sized species of Dendronotus Alder & Hancock, 1845. Anatomically, D. patricki, sp. nov. has a small prostate with just a few alveoli, a very small seminal receptacle situated near the distal end of the vagina, and a relatively short and small ampulla. The rachidian radular teeth of D. patricki, sp. nov. are unique among Dendronotus as they have a well differentiated, conical cusp with very small denticles on either side, but most denticles are located on the sides of the teeth, rather than on the sides of the cusp. Dendronotus patricki, sp. nov., is genetically distinct from other species of Dendronotus for which sequence data are available. A phylogenetic analysis of Dendronotus based on COI, 16S, and H3 sequence data reveals that D. patricki, sp. nov. forms a polytomy with Dendronotus orientalis (Baba, 1932) and a clade of the shallow temperate and cold water species. The tropical Indo-Pacific species D. regius Pola & Stout, 2008 is the sister group to all other Dendronotus species.

Germination of White Horehound (Marrubium vulgare) Seeds

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Young ◽  
Raymond A. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuation ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Marrubium Vulgare ◽  
Arid Rangelands ◽  
Temperature Optima ◽  
Fluctuating Temperatures ◽  
Northwestern Nevada

White horehound (Marrubium vulgareL. # MAQVU) is one of the few perennial, herbaceous alien weeds to successfully colonize semiarid to arid rangelands in the Great Basin. Seeds of white horehound, collected from diverse habitats within the Lahontan Basin of northwestern Nevada, were incubated at constant or alternating temperatures ranging from 0 to 40 C. Germination was low and largely limited to alternating temperatures (10 to 25 C alternating with 35 to 40 C). At least a 15-C range in diurnal fluctuation was required for optimum germination (defined as not lower than the maximum observed minus one-half of the confidence interval with 1% probability). Cool-moist stratification at 2 C for 4 to 8 weeks enhanced germination at optimum temperature regimes by as much as 70% and increased overall average germination by 35 to 40%. Cool-moist stratification caused a shift in temperature optima for germination from widely fluctuating temperatures to constant 15 or 20 C. The magnitude of this shift varied among sources of seeds.

scholarly journals Late Miocene ostracods from the Fujikotogawa Formation, northern Japan – with reference to cold water species involved with trans-Arctic interchange

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Irizuki
Keyword(s):  
Late Miocene ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Northern Atlantic ◽  
Water Species ◽  
Cold Water Species ◽  
Ostracod Species ◽  
Northern Japan

Abstract. Seventy-eight ostracod species belonging to 38 genera are recognized from the late Miocene Fujikotogawa Formation (c. 7–8 Ma), 40 km NE of Akita City, northern Japan. Some 30–40% of the ostracod species belong to the cold water groups (circumpolar and cryophilic species) reported from Plio-Pleistocene formations yielding the Omma-Manganji Fauna, the name given by Otuka (1939) to the Pliocene Japanese cold water molluscan fauna. This study demonstrates that most ostracod species distinguished in deposits yielding the Omma-Manganji Fauna had already appeared in the late Miocene. At least 13 of the ostracod species have been reported from both the Arctic and northern Atlantic Oceans, implying migration from the Pacific to the northern Atlantic through the Arctic after the Bering Strait had been breached. The 13 circumpolar, nine cryophilic and four endemic cold water species are illustrated, with brief taxonomic notes.

Seasonal Periodicity of Diatoms, and Silicon Limitation in Offshore Lake Michigan, 1975

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Parker ◽  
H. L. Conway ◽  
E. M. Yaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Spring Bloom ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Seasonal Periodicity ◽  
Silicon Uptake ◽  
Bloom Diatom

Diatom biomass maxima occurred in spring and fall and produced a bimodal bloom sequence at an offshore Lake Michigan station. The maximum in May was preceded by rapid growth as indicated by increased values of primary productivity and pigment concentration. As the spring bloom progressed, decreasing nutrient levels apparently slowed diatom growth. The diatom-biomass accumulation rate declined, assimilation quotients were minimal, and soluble reactive silicon was reduced from 13 to 6.8 μmol/ℓ. In summer, after the bloom, diatom biomass and silicon reached seasonal minima of < 250 mg C/m2 and ~ 1.0 μmol/ℓ, respectively. Diatom biomass increased again in October when silicon supplies were replenished and the concentration exceeded 6.6 μmol/ℓ. A critical silicon concentration of ~ 6.5 μmol/ℓ, may control the development and timing of offshore diatom populations in Lake Michigan. Key words: Lake Michigan, diatoms, growth, biomass, periodicity, silicon, uptake, limitation

Chemical and Organoleptic Comparison of Fish Sauce Made from Cold Water Species and Typical Thai Fish Sauce

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asbjørn Gildberg ◽  
Jetsada Wichaphon ◽  
Sittiwat Lertsiri ◽  
Apinya Assavanig ◽  
Nils K. Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Fish Sauce ◽  
Water Species ◽  
Cold Water Species
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