Effects of Temperature on Utilization of Yolk by Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Eggs and Alevins

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Heming
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Fish Eggs ◽  
Yolk Utilization ◽  
Yolk Absorption ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Growth, development and survival of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) during the yolk absorption period (fertilization to complete yolk absorption) were examined at 6, 8, 10, and 12 °C. Higher rearing temperatures reduced both the duration of the yolk absorption period and the overall amount of energy available for tissue growth during that period. Salmon encountered a metabolic energy deficit before yolk reserves were exhausted; tissues were resorbed during absorption of the last 10 mg (dry weight) of yolk. Salmon held above 10 °C experienced reduced survival, hatched and emerged precociously, and were smaller at hatching, at emergence, at maximum tissue weight and at complete yolk absorption than fish at lower temperatures.Key words: temperature, yolk utilization, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, fish eggs, alevins

Influence of Temperature on Energy Utilization of Embryonic and Prolarval Tautog, Tautoga onitis

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey C. Laurence
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Yolk Absorption ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Normal Metabolism ◽  
Weight Method ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Critical Timing

When daily energy budgets were calculated by two methods for tautog, Tautoga onitis, from fertilization to complete yolk absorption at three temperatures (16, 19, and 22 C), neither method indicated a deficiency of yolk energy for growth and metabolism prior to exogenous feeding capability. Deficits were indicated on the day of feeding capability at all temperatures by the oxygen consumption method, the more precise but less inclusive of the two. The dry weight method, which gave the more conservative estimates, indicated no deficit for the entire period of yolk absorption at 16 C, a deficit one day after feeding capability at 19 C, and a deficit on the day of feeding capability at 22 C.Regression analysis of oxygen consumption indicated that 22 C may be in the upper temperature limits for normal metabolism by embryonic and prolarval tautog. Yolk utilization efficiencies and postlarval size at complete yolk absorption tended to be inversely related to temperature. The ecological implications and the effects of temperature on the critical timing involved in the interactions of feeding capability, availability of prey and occurrence of energy deficits are discussed.

scholarly journals The scaling and potential importance of cutaneous and branchial surfaces in respiratory gas exchange in young chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

1990 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER J. ROMBOUGH ◽  
BRENDA M. MOROZ
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Respiratory Gas Exchange ◽  
Yolk Absorption ◽  
Gill Lamellae

Measurements were made of the surface areas of the yolk sac, the fins, the head and trunk, the gill filaments and the gill lamellae of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Walbaum) weighing between 0.045 g (3.7 days posthatch) and 13.4g (180 days posthatch). Cutaneous surfaces initially accounted for the vast majority (approx. 96%) of the total area available for respiratory gas exchange. As fish grew, total branchial surface area expanded at a more rapid rate than cutaneous surface area and, thus, came to represent a progressively larger fraction of total surface area. The transition was relatively slow, however, and it was not until fish reached 2.5-4.0 g that branchial area exceeded cutaneous area. Although some individual surfaces (e.g. the gill lamellae) followed rather complex patterns of expansion, the overall increase in respiratory surface area with tissue mass could be described reasonably well using only two equations; one for the period prior to complete yolk absorption (<0.4 g) and one for the period following complete yolk absorption (>0.4 g). Mass exponents for total surface area (b = 0.85) and metabolic rate (b = 0.8-0.9) were not significantly different for the larger fish. In contrast, the mass exponent for total surface area (b = 0.39) was significantly less than that for metabolic rate (b ≈ 0.9-1.0) for fish weighing less than 0.4 g. Changes in the relative efficiencies of the various exchange surfaces during the course of larval development probably account for this discrepancy.

Growth and salinity tolerance of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from two introduced New Zealand populations

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 2219-2226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T Kinnison ◽  
Martin J Unwin ◽  
Thomas P Quinn
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
First Year ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Family Effects ◽  
Yolk Absorption ◽  
Size Growth

Self-sustaining populations of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were established in New Zealand, from a common introduction group, near the turn of the 20th century. To investigate possible population divergence over this relatively short time scale we compared size, growth, and hypersalinity tolerance of families from two populations over their first year of rearing under shared conditions. Differences in initial fry mass were consistent with egg-size differences, but there was also evidence of genetic differences in early growth rates. Size differences between the populations decreased over time and rank correlations of mean family mass with initial egg and fry masses degraded over increasing intervals to nearly zero by the end of the year. Population effects on hypersalinity tolerance were not apparent after 4, 6, or 10 months of rearing (from yolk absorption), but family effects were suggested by ANOVAs and by the existence of groups of families with seemingly different relative seasonal optima for tolerance. Thus far, investigation of juvenile traits under common environmental conditions has shown less genetic divergence between the two New Zealand populations than is suggested by the range of differences found for phenotypic traits measured on wild adults in previous investigations.

Systematic hexamitid (Protozoa: Diplomonadida) Infection in seawater pen-reared Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML Kent ◽  
J Ellis ◽  
JW Fournie ◽  
SC Dawe ◽  
JW Bagshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha

scholarly journals Managed Wetlands Can Benefit Juvenile Chinook Salmon in a Tidal Marsh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Aha ◽  
Peter B. Moyle ◽  
Nann A. Fangue ◽  
Andrew L. Rypel ◽  
John R. Durand
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Nursery Habitat ◽  
San Francisco Estuary ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Juvenile Chinook

AbstractLoss of estuarine and coastal habitats worldwide has reduced nursery habitat and function for diverse fishes, including juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Underutilized off-channel habitats such as flooded rice fields and managed ponds present opportunities for improving rearing conditions and increasing habitat diversity along migratory corridors. While experiments in rice fields have shown enhanced growth rates of juvenile fishes, managed ponds are less studied. To evaluate the potential of these ponds as a nursery habitat, juvenile Chinook salmon (~ 2.8 g, 63 mm FL) were reared in cages in four contrasting locations within Suisun Marsh, a large wetland in the San Francisco Estuary. The locations included a natural tidal slough, a leveed tidal slough, and the inlet and outlet of a tidally muted managed pond established for waterfowl hunting. Fish growth rates differed significantly among locations, with the fastest growth occurring near the outlet in the managed pond. High zooplankton biomass at the managed pond outlet was the best correlate of salmon growth. Water temperatures in the managed pond were also cooler and less variable compared to sloughs, reducing thermal stress. The stress of low dissolved oxygen concentrations within the managed pond was likely mediated by high concentrations of zooplankton and favorable temperatures. Our findings suggest that muted tidal habitats in the San Francisco Estuary and elsewhere could be managed to promote growth and survival of juvenile salmon and other native fishes.

Analysis of straying variation in Alaskan hatchery chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) following transplantation

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J Hard ◽  
William R Heard
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Substantial Variation

In 1976 chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) gametes from the Chickamin and Unuk rivers in southeastern Alaska were transplanted 250 km to establish hatchery runs at Little Port Walter (LPW), Baranof Island. From 1977 to 1989, 1 862 058 marked smolts from 12 broods were released from LPW. Homing and straying were estimated from adult recoveries at 25 locations in Alaska and British Columbia between 1981 and 1989. Of 22 198 LPW fish recovered over this period, 21 934 (98.8%) were collected at LPW. Of 264 fish recovered elsewhere, 38.3% were within 7 km of LPW; 64.4% were within 25 km of LPW. No LPW fish were recovered from the ancestral rivers, but nine fish were recovered from rivers supporting wild chinook salmon. Straying declined with distance from the release site but varied between hatcheries and streams. Straying declined with increasing age and run size. Straying was similar between the populations but varied among broods, and analysis of straying in experimental groups provided evidence for a heritable component. Males strayed more often than females. Population, gender, run size, and recovery age interacted to produce substantial variation in straying, indicating that run composition can produce complex straying responses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document