Coastal Water Mass Replacement: Its Effect on Zooplankton Dynamics and the Predator–Prey Complex Associated with Larval Capelin (Mallotus villosus)

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 991-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth T. Frank ◽  
William C. Leggett
Keyword(s):  
Water Mass ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Safe Site ◽  
Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Capelin Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Zooplankton Dynamics ◽  
Site Water

We examined the hypothesis that the onshore wind-regulated initiation of larval emergence and drift in capelin (Mallotus villosus) was adaptive. Onshore winds were found to induce rapid water mass exchange in coastal Newfoundland resulting in the replacement of cold, high-saline, predator-laden waters with warmer, less-saline waters in which the abundance of an important fraction of the predator community was reduced 3- to 20-fold and zooplankton densities in the edible size fraction were increased 2- to 3-fold. In situ enclosure experiments indicate that the synchronous emergence of larval capelin during onshore winds, coupled with the reduced predator density at this time, results in predator satiation. Wind-induced elevations of the biomass of the edible zooplankton size fraction can produce fivefold increases in the daily growth rate of larval capelin. Capelin larvae thus initiate their drift and first feeding in a wind-induced "safe site." The abundance of eggs and larvae of 11 other marine fish species were also found to be associated with this "safe site" water mass.Key words: capelin, Mallotus villosus; water mass replacement, predation, feeding, growth, larval fish, survival, wind effects, drift, dispersal, enclosures, zooplankton

Survival Value of An Opportunistic Life-stage Transition in Capelin (Mallotus villosus)

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1442-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth T. Frank ◽  
William C. Leggett
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Mass Exchange ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Beach Sediments ◽  
Capelin Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Stage Transition

We examined the biological basis of the synchrony between the onset of a pelagic existence in beach-spawned capelin (Mallotus villosus) larvae and the unpredictable occurrence of favorable predator–prey conditions caused by onshore winds. Larvae isolated from the in situ beach sediments, but subject to those changes in water mass characteristics as might remain when such water is introduced into an experimental constant-level tank, emerged in synchrony with larvae in situ. This supports the hypothesis that the larval response to wind-induced water-mass exchange is an active one; it represents an adaptation maximizing feeding success and minimizing mortality due to predation. This "opportunistic" life-stage transition has direct parallels in seed dormancy and diapause in insects.

Seasonal Distribution, Abundance, and Growth of Larval Capelin (Mallotus villosus) in the St. Lawrence Estuary and Northwestern Gulf of St. Lawrence

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2008-2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Jacquaz ◽  
Kenneth W. Able ◽  
William C. Leggett
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Larval Transport ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Capelin Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Feeding Area ◽  
Anticosti Island ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary

Capelin (Mallotus villosus) larvae in the St. Lawrence estuary and northwestern Gulf of St. Lawrence were most abundant in 1974 and 1975 in the upper estuary in early June; this coincided with the spring peak in primary production. A spectacular decline (>99%) in larval abundance between June and September resulted principally from their downstream transport by currents. In October and November larval capelin were concentrated in a large counterclockwise gyre located in the northwestern Gulf between Anticosti Island and Pointe des Monts. This region is within the area of maximum primary production in the estuary and Gulf and may serve as an important feeding area for larval capelin. Length of capelin larvae at the end of the first growing season in the estuary and northwestern Gulf was greater than that of capelin from Newfoundland, Labrador, and Greenland. However, this difference may have resulted from sampling biases. Daily growth rates of capelin larvae from these areas were similar. Key words: capelin, Mallotus villosus, St. Lawrence, seasonal distributions, larval transport, growth, vertical distribution

Environmental Regulation of Growth Rate, Efficiency, and Swimming Performance in Larval Capelin (Mallotus villosus), and its Application to the Match/Mismatch Hypothesis

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth T. Frank ◽  
William C. Leggett
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Mallotus Villosus ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Capelin Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Larval Condition

We examined the influence of in situ environmental conditions on the growth rate, growth efficiency, and swimming ability of larval capelin (Mallotus villosus). Larval growth rate and efficiency prior to first feeding were strongly influenced by temperatures in the beach-rearing environment prior to dispersal. The interacting effects of water temperature and hours of sunlight (solar heating) on this intertidal habitat were the major regulators of growth (R2 ≥ 0.96). A model based on these parameters accurately predicted growth rates of larvae in the gravel sampled in two previous years. Larval condition at the time of dispersal into the pelagic environment was a negative function of the length of time spent in the beach gravel and of temperature conditions during that period. Swimming performance at dispersal was directly related to larval condition. Our data indicate that environmental conditions during the early (preexogenous feeding) period can influence growth efficiency, size attained at first feeding and the prey capture ability of larvae independent of the yolk reserves available at hatching, and the quantity and quality of the food available at the obligatory onset of exogenous feeding.Key words: capelin, Mallotus villosus; growth rate, growth efficiency, swimming performance, larvae, intertidal zone, temperature

Wind-Forced Hydrodynamics and Their Interaction with Larval Fish and Plankton Abundance: A Time-Series Analysis of Physical–Biological Data

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T. Taggart ◽  
William C. Leggett
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Safe Site ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Short Term Mortality ◽  
Capelin Mallotus Villosus

We evaluated methods to measure simultaneously biological and physical properties essential for estimating short-term mortality of larval fish. We used the data to test Templeman's watermass exchange hypothesis and the associated safe-site hypothesis. Synoptic estimates of larval capelin (Mallotus villosus) and microzooplankton particle density were obtained simultaneously with a scale resolution of 200 m (horizontal), 2–4 m (vertical) and 6–8 h (temporal) in a 1-km2 coastal embayment in eastern Newfoundland. Statistically significant population estimates were derived from multiple regression models incorporating a limited number of samples. Spectral analysis of wind and current time-series and analysis of large-scale temperature oscillations were consistent with Templeman's hypothesis. Nearshore current responded to cross-shore wind forcing at periods of 2–6 d. Larval capelin abundance oscillations were coherent with wind and with current at periods of ~5 d, consistent with the watermass exchange and safe-site hypotheses. Although larvae and microzooplankton abundances showed similar spectral density and were in phase, their coherence was weak. Integrated measures of onshore wind and of the onshore–offshore wind spectrum were correlated, and either can be used as a composite measure of the considerable interannual variation evident in the frequency, magnitude, and duration of onshore winds, and hence of watermass exchange.

scholarly journals Early life growth is affecting timing of spawning in the semelparous Barents Sea capelin (Mallotus villosus)

2021 ◽  
pp. 102614
Author(s):  
Florian Berg ◽  
Samina Shirajee ◽  
Arild Folkvord ◽  
Jane Aanestad Godiksen ◽  
Georg Skaret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Capelin Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Timing Of Spawning

Channel head dynamics: capelin (Mallotus villosus) aggregation in the tidally driven upwelling system of the Saguenay - St. Lawrence Marine Park's whale feeding ground

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvan Simard ◽  
Diane Lavoie ◽  
François J Saucier
Keyword(s):  
Circulation Model ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Balaenoptera Acutorostrata ◽  
Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Tidal Dynamics ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Fin Whale ◽  
Capelin Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Tidally Driven

Capelin (Mallotus villosus) tridimensional distribution at the head of the Laurentian Channel in the St. Lawrence estuary was investigated using 38- and 120-kHz acoustic surveys in the summers of 1994, 1995, 1997, and 1998. The results are interpreted with the help of a high-resolution tridimensional tidal circulation model. Total biomasses were small (93–4583 t) and showed rapid fluctuations, whereas mesoscale distribution was more constant. Capelin tended to occupy the very end of the channel head, especially the slopes and shallows surrounding the basins. This pattern did not coincide with the krill distribution, but the two total biomass series were significantly correlated. Capelin tidal dynamics is characterized by herding of capelin against the channel head slopes by the starting flooding currents, followed by an upwelling over the sills and shallows during maximum flood currents, and a return to the channel by the surface outflow during ebb. Each side of the channel head has a distinct capelin retention tidal cycle involving passive advection, swimming, and the two-layer estuarine circulation. This capelin distribution and tidal dynamics closely match the local fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) and minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) distributions observed from the whale-watching fleet and typical tidal feeding strategies at the channel head.

scholarly journals Assessment methodology for Barents Sea capelin, Mallotus villosus (Müller)

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1086-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Gjøsæter
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Assessment Methodology ◽  
Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Capelin Mallotus Villosus

scholarly journals The dynamics of prespawning capelin (Mallotus villosus socialis) off the West Kamchatka coast

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1006-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Naumenko
Keyword(s):  
Mallotus Villosus ◽  
The West ◽  
Capelin Mallotus Villosus
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