Short-Term Changes in the Chemistry of Trace Metals Following Calcium Carbonate Treatment of Acidic Lakes

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles T. Driscoll ◽  
Gerald F. Fordham ◽  
William A. Ayling ◽  
Leah M. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Acidic Lakes ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Adirondack Lakes ◽  
Zinc Retention ◽  
Base Application ◽  
Equilibrium Calculations

Marked changes were evident in the concentrations of trace metals (aluminum, manganese, and zinc) following base application to two acidic lakes in the Adirondack region of New York. Immediately after calcite treatment, epilimnitic pH values increased above 9.0. This response coincided with a shift in the speciation of aluminum from acid-soluble to labile (inorganic) monomeric forms. Following the manipulation, pH values decreased below 8.0 as the epilimnion equilibrated with atmospheric CO2. Within 1–2 mo, aluminum, manganese, and zinc concentrations were greatly reduced, typically by an order of magnitude. The mechanism(s) for immobilization of trace metals following base treatment is not entirely clear. However, chemical equilibrium calculations suggest that at the higher pH resulting from base addition, lake water was oversaturated with readily forming aluminum and manganese minerals. Therefore, removal of these metals from the water column may have been due to direct precipitation. Solutions were highly undersaturated with zinc minerals, so zinc retention probably occurred by adsorption or coprecipitation reactions. Acidic Adirondack Lakes are generally net sinks for aluminum, and conservative with respect to transport of manganese and zinc. Base addition greatly enhanced retention of all three metals.

When Did Acid-Sensitive Adirondack Lakes (New York, USA) Begin to Acidify and Are They Still Acidifying?

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 1550-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. Cumming ◽  
K. A. Davey ◽  
J. P. Smol ◽  
H. J. B. Birks
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Acidic Deposition ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Scaled Chrysophytes ◽  
Sulfate Deposition ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Adirondack Lakes

A transfer function was used to reconstruct pH values of 20 low-alkalinity Adirondack Park lakes based on the species composition of scaled chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae, Synurophyceae) in stratigraphie intervals from 210Pb-dated sediment cores. Approximately 80% of the lakes acidified since preindustrial times. Four categories of lake response to acidic deposition were identified: (i) lakes that showed little or no evidence of acidification since preindustrial times, (ii) lakes with preindustrial pH values between 5 and 6 that began to acidify ca. 1900, (iii) "naturally" acidic lakes that acidified even further ca. 1900, and (iv) lakes with preindustrial pH values around 6 that acidified ca. 1930–50. Lakes that acidified ca. 1900 were generally smaller, higher elevation lakes with lower preindustrial pH values than lakes in category i or iv. These patterns are consistent with the acidic deposition hypothesis of recent lake acidification. Our results indicated that "critical" sulfate deposition loads for Adirondack lakes that started to acidify ca. 1900 and ca. 1950 are between 5–10 and 20–25 kg∙ha−1∙yr−1, respectively. Post-1970 trends in lake water pH have been small and variable, suggesting that low-alkalinity Adirondack lakes have been relatively unresponsive to the post-1970 declines in sulfate deposition.

scholarly journals Concentration of Trace Metals (Lead, Iron, Copper and Zinc) In Crops Harvested in Some Oil Prospecting Locations in River State, Nigeria

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 01-21
Author(s):  
Alexander Hart ◽  
◽  
Oboh CA ◽  
Barimalaa IS ◽  
TG Sokari
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
State University ◽  
Industrial Base ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Hibiscus Esculentus ◽  
High Level ◽  
Rivers State

Concentrations of the trace metals lead, iron, copper and zinc were estimated in crops harvested in some oil prospecting locations in Rivers State, Nigeria. The locations were; Agbada-Aluu (AA), Ebocha (EB), Idu Ekpeye (IE), Obagi (OB) and Trans Amadi Layout (TA), with the Teaching and Research Farm of Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt as control. Crops investigated were cassava (Manihot esculenta), cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta), okra (Hibiscus esculentus), pumpkin leaves (Telfairia occidentalis) and waterleaf (Talinum traingulare). Results of the mean lead concentrations were from 1.1µg/g in cocoyam to 9.1 µg/g in okro, showing higher trends in the industrialized areas. While cocoyam had the lowest lead concentration, the concentration rest of the crops did not differ significantly from one another. Crops from locations TA, OB, IE and EB had significantly higher concentrations of lead, although IE, AA and TF were not significantly different from one another. Mean concentrations of iron were between 40 µg/g in cassava from TF, and 651 µg/g in pumpkin leaves from TA - the industrial base of Rivers State - reflecting a high level of pollution from the various industries in that location. Differences in concentration of iron in crops showed pumpkin leaves to have the highest level of iron, followed by the other green vegetables – waterleaf and okra - although no significant differences occurred between okra, cocoyam and cassava. Copper concentrations were between 4.4 µg/g in cocoyam from locations TF and 23 µg/g in pumpkin leaves from TA. Pumpkin leaves had the highest concentrations of copper, followed by okra, then waterleaf, with cocoyam and cassava having the least significant levels. Zinc concentrations in crops were between 29 µg/g in cocoyam from TF to 240 µg/g in pumpkin leaves from EB. Pumpkin leaves and okra contained the highest levels of the metal, followed by waterleaf, then cassava and finally cocoyam. In terms of location, TA, OB and EB had the highest concentrations in crops, the least occurring in TF and AA. These results reflect higher concentrations of metals in crops from the industrialized locations, with the green vegetables, particularly pumpkin leaves, having the highest uptake, while cocoyam invariably had the least. These findings give cause for concern, particularly as heavy metals are bio-accumulative in the system and portend a serious health risk to man and animals.

Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes at 4 and 22°C in Whey and Skim Milk Containing 6 or 12% Sodium Chloride

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 625-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEMETRIOS K. PAPAGEORGIOU ◽  
ELMER H. MARTH
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Entire Experiment

Autoclaved samples of skim milk and deproteinated whey were fortified with 6 or 12% NaCl, inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes strains Scott A or California (CA), to contain ca. 1.0 × 103 cfu/ml (in the products with 6% salt) or ca. 5.0 × 103 cfu/ml (in the products with 12% salt) and incubated at 4 and 22°C. The pH values of the 6% salted whey, 6% salted skim milk, 12% salted whey, and 12% salted skim milk were 5.65, 6.20, 5.50, and 6.00 respectively. These values remained relatively constant during the entire experiment. Listeria counts were obtained by surface-plating appropriate dilutions and/or undiluted samples on Trypticase Agar (TA). Samples in which L. monocytogenes was not detected, were re-examined after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of cold-enrichment. Generation times of L. monocytogenes in 6% salted whey at 22°C (3.67 h and 3.56 h for strains Scott A and CA, respectively) were significantly shorter than those in 6% salted skim milk at 22°C (4.31 and 4.42 h for the two strains, respectively). Generation times in 6% salted products at 4°C ranged between 37.49 h and 49.43 h. Maximum populations reached at 22 and 4°C ranged from 7.58 to 8.10 Log10 cfu/ml, and were significantly higher in 6% salted whey than in 6% salted skim milk. In 12% salted whey and skim milk incubated at 22°C, L. monocytogenes gradually decreased in numbers. Strain CA was inactivated within 85 d in 12% salted skim milk or within 110 d in 12% salted whey, and was significantly less salt tolerant than strain Scott A which survived for more than 130 d under the same conditions. Loss of viability by both strains was similar in 12% salted whey and skim milk after 130 d of storage at 4°C, and the decreases in population were less than 0.7 order of magnitude.

Collecting Usage Data for Analyzing a Heavy-Vehicle, Divisible-Load Permit System

1996 ◽  
Vol 1522 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Arnim H. Meyburg ◽  
Jean-Daniel M. Saphores ◽  
Richard E. Schuler
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Divisible Load ◽  
Actual Usage ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Permit System ◽  
Usage Data

The collection of truck usage data for performing a benefit-cost analysis of the New York State Divisible-Load Permit System is described. To motivate the data collection requirements, the procedures used for estimating both infrastructure costs and economic benefits are briefly described. The survey procedure is summarized, as are data gathered on permitted vehicles, operator characteristics, and truck usage. Advantages and shortcomings of the methodology for collecting data are reviewed from the perspective of analyzing divisible-load permit systems for heavy vehicles. The overall study is one of the first attempts to assess the economic impact of permit systems based on actual usage data provided voluntarily by truck operators through seasonal mail surveys. As illustrated by the authors in a 1994 report, the economic benefits of a permit system for trucks hauling heavy divisible loads can be substantial. The collected survey data were adequate for providing order-of-magnitude estimates of benefits and costs although bridge damage and accident costs could not be evaluated because of a lack of data. Results should therefore be of interest to transportation officials throughout the country for use in evaluating the merits of allowing extra-heavy vehicles on the roads.

Trace metals in sediments of New York Bight

1973 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 132-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Carmody ◽  
J.B. Pearce ◽  
W.E. Yasso
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
New York Bight ◽  
York Bight

Distribution of scaled chrysophytes in 17 Adirondack (New York) lakes with special reference to pH

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1391-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Siver
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
Franklin County ◽  
Scaled Chrysophytes ◽  
Bog Lakes ◽  
Adirondack Lakes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Thirty-four scaled chrysophyte taxa are described from 17 Adirondack lakes located in either Hamilton or Franklin counties. Ten taxa, Synura sphagnicola, Syn. echinulata, Syn. petersenii, Mallomonas acaroides var. muskokana, M. hamata, M. caudata, M. crassisquama, M. galeiformis, Spiniferomonas trioralis, and Chrysosphaerella longispina, were found in more than 40% of the study lakes. Mallomonas acaroides var. muskokana, M. hamata, Syn. sphagnicola, Syn. echinulata, and Spiniferomonas coronacircumspina were common and important components of the phytoplankton floras in lakes with a pH < 5.4; however, M. hamata and Sp. coronacircumspina were noticeably absent from bog lakes. Synura sphagnicola and Syn. echinulata were as common in samples with a pH between 5.4 and 7 as they were below pH 5.4. Mallomonas crassisquama, M. caudata, M. pseudocoronata, and Synura spinosa were found in a significantly greater percentage of samples from circumneutral lakes and were lacking from waters with a pH < 5.4. Differences in species distributions between Hamilton County (higher mean pH) and Franklin County lakes further supported the observed pH ranges of the common taxa. Similarities and differences are made with a study of Smol et al. (Can. J. Bot. 62: 911–923), who described the distribution of scaled chrysophytes from the surface sediments of Adirondack lakes.

Transmission of light through ice and snow of Adirondack lakes, New York

1984 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenton M. Stewart ◽  
Bruce E. Brockett
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Adirondack Lakes

Mallomonadacean (Chrysophyceae) assemblages and their relationships with limnological characteristics in 38 Adirondack (New York) lakes

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 911-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Smol ◽  
Donald F. Charles ◽  
Donald R. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Reciprocal Averaging ◽  
Surficial Sediments ◽  
Secchi Disc ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Adirondack Lakes ◽  
Acidic Waters ◽  
Total P

The siliceous scales of 30 mallomonadacean taxa were identified and counted from the surficial sediments of 38 Adirondack lakes. The scales were usually abundant and were always well preserved. The Adirondack flora is typical of acidic to circumneutral oligotrophic lakes. Common taxa include Mallomonas acaroides, M. caudata, M. crassisquama, M. hamata, M. pseudocoronata, M. punctifera, Synura echinulata, S. petersenii, S. sphagnicola, S. spinosa, and Chrysosphaerella longispina. The abundance of certain species (e.g., Mallomonas hindonii, M. hamata) appears to be a reliable indication of acidic waters. Reciprocal averaging (RA) ordination was used to determine if distribution of the mallomonadacean assemblages corresponded with major environmental gradients. Correlations between the first RA axis scores and lakewater pH (r2 = 0.63) and related factors (log10 alkalinity, r2 = 0.66; pCa, r2 = 0.39; pMg, r2 = 0.43) were strongest. Relationships were weaker with average depth, summer epilimnion temperature, elevation, NO3, and total Al, and were not statistically significant with conductivity, color, Secchi disc transparency, total P, chlorophyll a, SO4, and Si. Cluster analysis grouped both lakes and taxa into categories best explained by their pH-related characteristics. Analysis of surficial sediment from lakes with known limnological characteristics is a useful approach for the study of the ecology and taxonomy of the Mallomonadaceae. Our data demonstrate that mallomonadacean distributions reflect lake conditions and, therefore, are potentially useful indicators in limnological and paleolimnological studies.

Common loon reproduction and chick feeding on acidified lakes in the Adirondack Park, New York

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 804-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl E. Parker
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Lake Acidification ◽  
Common Loon ◽  
Feeding Problems ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lake Acidity ◽  
Adirondack Lakes

The effects of lake acidification on common loon reproduction were studied on a total of 24 Adirondack lakes from May through August in 1983 and 1984. The lakes ranged in size from 10.5 to 179 ha; pH ranged from 4.65 to 6.77 and alkalinity from −66 to 111 μequiv./L. Although loons nesting on small, low-pH lakes had a high fledging rate, possibly because of reduced disturbance or predation, no significant relationship (P > 0.10) was found between lake acidity status and loon reproductive success. No chick mortality could be attributed to lake acidification, but chicks on low-pH lakes were generally fed prey much smaller or much larger than those normally preferred. A pair nesting on a fishless lake fed aquatic insects to their constantly begging chick, spending two to four times longer feeding the chick compared with loons on lakes with fish. This pair, alternating absences, flew to another lake to feed, and on three occasions returned to the nesting lake carrying a fish. Loons on the low-pH study lakes apparently adapted, at least in the short term, to food resource depletion associated with acidification. Despite this, acidification creates potentially severe feeding problems for chicks by reducing prey diversity and quantity.

Subcellular distribution of zinc in the benign and malignant human prostate: evidence for a direct zinc androgen interaction

1984 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Leake ◽  
Geoffrey D. Chrisholm ◽  
Anthony Busuttil ◽  
Fouad K. Habib
Keyword(s):  
Subcellular Distribution ◽  
Retention Mechanism ◽  
Human Prostate ◽  
Nuclear Fraction ◽  
Cancerous Tissue ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Zinc Retention ◽  
Cytosolic Receptor ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

Abstract. The subcellular distribution of zinc and its interaction with androgens has been examined in the benign and malignant human prostate. Endogenously, most of the zinc was associated with the nuclear fraction but significant concentrations were also found in the cytosol. Furthermore, the epithelium contained more zinc than that found in either the stroma or the intact gland. Zinc concentrations were lower in the subcellular fractions of the cancerous tissue when compared to hyperplastic specimens. In vitro uptake of zinc into prostatic homogenates was rapid and at equilibrium the binding was stable for both the 4°C and the 37°C incubations. At low zinc concentrations (≤ 5 mm) the uptake was higher in the nucleus, whereas at higher concentrations, the cancerous tissue exhibited a greater capacity for the metal which was predominantly retained by the cytosol. Our data suggest the presence of a saturable zinc retention mechanism in the nucleus. The zinc uptake was found to be independent of any added androgen. In contrast, the total androgen uptake by the prostate was significantly enhanced by the addition of zinc. This effect was not due to increases in the nuclear and cytosolic receptor binding since zinc inhibited the binding of the androgen to these receptors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document