Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Great Lakes Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) Populations

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Billington ◽  
Paul D. N. Hebert
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Stizostedion Vitreum ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
The West ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Sequence Recognition ◽  
Last Glaciation

Mitochondrial DNA variation was examined in 141 walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) from 10 populations in the Great Lakes basin. Twenty-two hexanucleotide sequence recognition endonucleases were used, of which six (Ava I, Bst EII, Cla I, Dra I, Nco I, and Sca I) revealed polymorphisms between fish. Nine mitochondrial clones were resolved which fell into two major groups that differed in their Nco I and Sca I fragment patterns. The "A" group predominates in the eastern Great Lakes, while the "B" group predominates in the west. The geographical distribution of these two groups suggests that Great Lakes walleye persisted in at least two refugia during the last glaciation. The study revealed several rare mitochondrial genotypes which may prove useful in creating genetically marked brood stocks. Since mtDNA is maternally inherited, such markers would provide information on both the survival and long-term reproductive success of stocked fish.

Comparison of Allozyme and Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Populations of Walleye, Stizostedion vitreum

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2074-2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Ward ◽  
Neil Billington ◽  
Paul D. N. Hebert
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Divergence Times ◽  
Stizostedion Vitreum ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Mtdna Variation ◽  
Mtdna Haplotypes ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
Organelle Genes

Twelve populations of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) from the Great Lakes and three populations from northern Manitoba were screened for allozyme and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation. Nine enzyme loci known to show genetic variation were screened in all fish: five of them (Prot-4, Prot-2, Mdh-3, Idh-1, Adh) showed appreciable polymorphism. MtDNA was examined in all fish using six endonucleases that detected polymorphic sites and a further 13 endonucleases that detected only monomorphic sites. Only one of the allozyme loci (Prot-4) showed evidence of geographic patterning of allele frequencies. By contrast, the mtDNA haplotypes showed clear geographic variation. The proportion of total genetic diversity attributable to population differentiation (Gst) was three to five times greater for mtDNA than for the allozymes. Gst values for organelle genes are expected on theoretical grounds to be greater than for nuclear genes, and this expected difference may be enhanced in walleye because of the likelihood that, in this species, male-mediated gene flow exceeds that of females. The distributions of mtDNA haplotypes and estimated divergence times are consistent with the derivation of extant walleye populations from three different glacial refugia.

scholarly journals Assessment of impact of climate change on water resources: a long term analysis of the Great Lakes of North America

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. McBean ◽  
H. Motiee
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
North America ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Global Circulation Models ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the threshold of the appearance of global warming from theory to reality, extensive research has focused on predicting the impact of potential climate change on water resources using results from Global Circulation Models (GCMs). This research carries this further by statistical analyses of long term meteorological and hydrological data. Seventy years of historical trends in precipitation, temperature, and streamflows in the Great Lakes of North America are developed using long term regression analyses and Mann-Kendall statistics. The results generated by the two statistical procedures are in agreement and demonstrate that many of these variables are experiencing statistically significant increases over a seven-decade period. The trend lines of streamflows in the three rivers of St. Clair, Niagara and St. Lawrence, and precipitation levels over four of the five Great Lakes, show statistically significant increases in flows and precipitation. Further, precipitation rates as predicted using fitted regression lines are compared with scenarios from GCMs and demonstrate similar forecast predictions for Lake Superior. Trend projections from historical data are higher than GCM predictions for Lakes Michigan/Huron. Significant variability in predictions, as developed from alternative GCMs, is noted. Given the general agreement as derived from very different procedures, predictions extrapolated from historical trends and from GCMs, there is evidence that hydrologic changes particularly for the precipitation in the Great Lakes Basin may be demonstrating influences arising from global warming and climate change.

Origin and Geography of the Fish Fauna of the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1539-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reeve M. Bailey ◽  
Gerald R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Stizostedion Vitreum ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
Geological Evidence ◽  
The Past

The native fishes of the Great Lakes basin consist of 153 species, 64 genera, and 25 families. The total ichthyofaunal lists for the several lakes and (in parentheses) their tributary basins are as follows: Nipigon (and tributaries), 40; Superior, 53 (82); Michigan, 91 (135); Huron, 90 (112); St. Clair and Detroit River 108; Erie, 106 (125); Ontario, 95 (125). (These totals include 21 introduced species, most named species of ciscoes and chubs, and the blue pike (Stizostedion vitreum glaucum).)Several areas show notable within-species differentiation. Tributaries to Lake Ontario are part of a zone of secondary contact of a few small, nonmanaged, subspecies that entered the basin from both eastern and western glacial refugia. In the Great Lakes themselves, stocks of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), ciscoes, walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum), and a few nonmanaged species stem from differentiation within the basin or reflect interglacial events that occurred in Mississippi refugia.Species distribution patterns suggest colonization of the Great Lakes by 122 kinds solely from Mississippi basin refugia, 14 kinds only from Atlantic drainage refugia, and dual refugia for at least 18 kinds. Geological evidence provides some support for this interpretation. It is unlikely that any species colonized the Great Lakes from an Alaskan refuge in the past 14 000 yr.The ciscoes and chubs of the genus Coregonus include numerous genetically differentiated stocks, some of which may predate the opening of the Great Lakes in the past 14 000 yr. This conclusion is based on the occurrence in Lake Nipigon and Lake Superior of several forms that must have colonized prior to 9000 yr ago when the last access existed from Lake Superior to Lake Nipigon. At least four and perhaps up to eight forms of Great Lakes coregonines probably survived (or differentiated during) the last glaciation south of the ice in proglacial waters at the heads of major river systems. There is no evidence to support the hypothesized post-Wisconsinan dispersal of any of these forms from a northwestern refugium or their Pleistocene derivation by introgression with a Eurasian species.Despite the evidence for some long-standing genetic differentiation within Coregonus, morphological and biochemical characters fail to support the unequivocal recognition within the Great Lakes of more than one to four current biological species (apart from clupeaformis). The presently recognized species are groups of stocks whose position in the classification system is problematical. The named groups (two of which are extinct) included numerous stocks that were (or are) isolated by homing behavior specific to time and place. The lack of intrinsic reproductive isolation among forms increases their vulnerability to extinction because rare forms apparently hybridize with common forms spawning at adjacent times or places.Key words: biogeography, Coregonus, fish, Great Lakes, introduced fishes, Pleistocene, species, subspecies

Tumor Frequencies in Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) and Brown Bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus) and Sediment Contaminants in Tributaries of the Laurentian Great Lakes

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1804-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Baumann ◽  
Michael J. Mac ◽  
Stephen B. Smith ◽  
John C. Harshbarger
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Liver Neoplasms ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
River Sediment ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Stizostedion Vitreum ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
Brown Bullhead ◽  
Ictalurus Nebulosus

To better characterize neoplasm epizootics in the Great Lakes basin and their association with families of contaminants, we sampled five locations: the Fox and Menominee rivers, Lake Michigan; Munuscong Lake, St. Mary's River; and the Black and Cuyahoga rivers, Lake Erie. Frequencies of external and liver tumors were determined for brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus) from all locations except the Black River and for walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) from the Lake Michigan and St. Mary's River sites. Sediment samples were analyzed for metals, polychlorinated aromatics, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Liver neoplasms occurred in brown bullhead from the Cuyahoga River and Munuscong Lake; brown bullhead captured from Munuscong Lake were older than those collected from the other locations. Brown bullhead from these same two rivers had elevated hepatosomatic indexes. No liver neoplasms were found in brown bullhead from the Fox and Menominee rivers, although polychlorinated aromatics were highest in both Fox River sediment and Fox and Menominee brown bullhead, and arsenic was highest in Menominee River sediment and fish. Liver neoplasms in brown bullhead from the Cuyahoga River fit the prevailing hypothesis that elevated PAH in sediment can induce cancer in wild fish. The cause of the liver neoplasms in Munuscong Lake brown bullhead is undetermined.

Mitochondrial DNA evidence of distinct glacial refugia for brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) in the Great Lakes

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1450-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Murdoch ◽  
P DN Hebert
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Brown Bullhead ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Ameiurus Nebulosus ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Variation

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms were used to survey the mitochondrial genome of Ameiurus nebulosus for nucleotide sequence variation. Two hundred and forty-nine individuals were analyzed from 12 populations across the Great Lakes drainage and 3 populations in possible refugial drainages. Fifteen restriction endonucleases revealed 50 distinct haplotypes among these fish. Two major phylogenetic assemblages, A and B, were revealed with an average 3.22% sequence divergence. Both assemblages were themselves fragmented into two groups. Strong geographic patterning was observed in the frequency of assemblages and groups across the sampling area: assemblage A was predominant in fish from populations east of Lake Erie, while western populations were dominated by assemblage B. The distribution and phylogenetic divergence of mitochondrial haplotypes indicate that brown bullhead in the Great Lakes originated from two Pleistocene refugia and further provides genetic evidence of subdivision within these refugia. Pleistocene glaciations appear to have had a similar influence on the geographic distribution of mitochondrial DNA lineages of other North American fishes. In contrast with these other species, however, much of the mitochondrial DNA variation and divergence was retained in brown bullhead populations living south of the ice sheets and is represented in extant populations.

scholarly journals Subspecific identification of the Great Lakes' first Brown Booby (Sula leucogaster) using DNA

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Jeffrey H. Skevington ◽  
James Pawlicki ◽  
Scott Kelso ◽  
Kevin C.R. Kerr ◽  
Marcie Jacklin
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Control Region ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
Niagara River ◽  
Sula Leucogaster ◽  
First Time

The first Brown Booby (Sula leucogaster) recorded in the Great Lakes basin was discovered on Lake Erie near the source of the Niagara River on 7 October 2013 by J. P. Morphologic evidence suggested that this bird was an adult female of the nominate Atlantic subspecies. We obtained genomic DNA from feces left by the bird. Mitochondrial DNA from the control region (CR2) was sequenced and compared with extensive CR2 data for Brown Booby available in GenBank; this corroborated the morphologic hypothesis. This is the first time that a vagrant bird in Canada has been identified using DNA extracted from feces.

Water-level fluctuations in Lake Ontario over the last 4000 years as recorded in the Cataraqui River lagoon, Kingston, Ontario

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1330-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Dalrymple ◽  
John S. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Western Great Lakes ◽  
Low Levels

The modern sediments in the Cataraqui River lagoon and marsh (Kingston, Ontario) consist of mixtures of organic material and clayey silts, the organic content of which increases as water depth decreases; gyttjas are accumulating in the deeper water parts of the lagoon, whereas peat is the dominant sediment in the very shallow water portion of the lagoon (< 0.7 m) and in the adjacent marsh. Cores show that one partial (modern) and two complete depositional cycles (gyttja passing upwards into peat) have formed within the last 4000 years. The contact between cycles (gyttja over peat) is abrupt. These cycles are interpreted as resulting from fluctuations in the level of Lake Ontario about the long-term rising trend. Radiocarbon dates show that relatively low levels prevailed from 4100 to 3300 BP and from 2300 to 1900 BP; rapid rises in water level, which are indicated by the abrupt contact between cycles, occurred at 3300–3100 BP and some time between 2000 and 1500 BP. These water-level changes are synchronous with those shown by other studies in Lake Ontario and with century-scale paleoclimatic events. The high stands correlate with wet periods, and perhaps also with warm periods in the eastern part of the Great Lakes basin, but an inverse relationship between precipitation and temperature in the western Great Lakes suggests that the Great Lakes basin does not respond uniformly to climatic changes.

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