Responses of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) Fry to Fluctuating Acid, Aluminum, and Low Calcium Exposure

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1623-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Mount ◽  
M. J. Swanson ◽  
J. E. Breck ◽  
A. M. Farag ◽  
H. L. Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Pulse Exposure ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
Calcium Stress ◽  
Baseline Conditions

Brook trout fry were exposed for thirty days to temporal combinations of two water qualities: (1) pH 5.21, 51 μg/L total aluminum, with 2.39 mg/L calcium (baseline); and (2) pH 4.59, 329 μg/L total aluminum, with 1.56 mg/L calcium (pulse). Although continuous exposure to the latter conditions caused nearly complete mortality, exposures alternating between the two conditions caused much less mortality. In fact, fish experiencing 18 d of baseline conditions before their first pulse exposure had mortality rates equal to fish never experiencing a pulse, indicating acclimation to acid/aluminum/low calcium stress. We conclude that the pattern of fluctuating acid/aluminum/low calcium exposure is very important in determining its toxicity, and that the toxicity of acidic "pulses" in field situations may be lower than would be expected from laboratory exposures using naive fish, due to the existence of acclimation.

LA TOXICITÉ DU DDT POUR LE SAUMON DE L'ATLANTIQUE (SALMO SALAR LINNÉ) ET LES ALEVINS DE TRUITE (SALVELINUS FONTINALIS MITCHILL)

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Water Circulation ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The relative sensitivity of brook trout fry, salmon fry, and 1- and 2-year-old parrs to known quantities of DDT was studied in hatchery-trough experiments with larger numbers of specimens than were used by previous workers. In troughs, in which part-time water circulation was achieved and DDT used at the rate of 0.5 lb./acre (0.32 p.p.m.), high mortality rates (93–100%) were recorded for salmon fry, trout fry, and 1-year-old parrs. Moreover, it was shown that group susceptibility decreases in the following manner: salmon fry > 1-year-old parrs > trout fry. In another series of experiments, under identical conditions, it was shown that sensitivity in salmon decreases with age. Using salmon fry, in troughs deprived of water circulation, a study was made of the effects of various concentrations of DDT: 0.33, 0.18, 0.072, and 0.036 p.p.m. corresponding to 0.5, 0.25, 0.1, and 0.05 lb. of DDT/acre, respectively. The average lethal dose (L.D. 50) was found to be 0.072 p.p.m. A comparison between two series of experiments shows how mixing of the DDT with water makes the poison more deadly than when used as a DDT–oil solution on the surface of water.

Ambient pH and Calcium Concentration as Modifiers of Growth and Calcium Dynamics of Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1774-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Calcium Dynamics ◽  
Experimental Fish ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
High Calcium

Juvenile brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, were maintained in water of pH 5.3 or 6.5 and calcium concentrations of 5 or 40 mg/L to determine the effects of these factors on fish growth and calcium dynamics. Growth rates varied more than twofold and were significantly reduced by both low ambient calcium concentration and low pH. In contrast, calcium dynamics of the fish were significantly affected by calcium concentration but not pH. Brook trout in low-calcium water retained less labeled dietary calcium and deposited less labeled calcium in axial skeleton and visceral tissues than fish in high-calcium water. Calcium concentrations of the skin and fins were slightly but significantly reduced among fish in low-calcium water, but neither pH nor ambient calcium concentration significantly affected ash content or calcium concentration of axial skeleton and visceral tissues of experimental fish.

Comparison of Continuous and Episodic Exposure to Acidic, Aluminum-Contaminated Waters of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2036-2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisbeth K. Siddens ◽  
Wayne K. Seim ◽  
Lawrence R. Curtis ◽  
Gary A. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Ambient Condition ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Contaminated Waters

This study demonstrated that repetitive, intermittent exposures to aluminum (Al) under acidic conditions produced greater cumulative mortality and lower growth rates of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) than would be extrapolated from continuous exposure experiments. During a 24-d study, exposures were at pH 4.4 or 4.9 with 0.2––1.2 mg Al∙L−1. Data were analyzed based on peak and 24-d mean Al concentrations of continuous and intermittent (2-d toxicant, 4-d ambient condition cycle) exposures. Survival was lower in groups exposed to at pH 4.9 than those at 4.4 when intermittently exposed but not when continuously exposed. Growth rates were less for fish continuously exposed at pH 4.4 compared with those at pH 4.9, while intermittent exposures to Al acidity alone did not affect growth. Fish intermittently exposed to Al at pH 4.4 grew faster than those at pH 4.9, indicating greater Al toxicity at the higher pH.

Effects of Temperature on Growth and Survival of Young Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1107-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Howard McCormick ◽  
Kenneth E. F. Hokanson ◽  
Bernard R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Limits ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Upper Thermal Tolerance

Instantaneous rates of growth, mortality, and net biomass gain were determined for alevin through juvenile brook trout reared for 8 weeks at six constant temperatures: 7.1, 9.8, 12.4, 15.4, 17.9, and 19.5 C. Growth rates were maximum between 12.4 and 15.4 C. Mortality rates increased between 15.4 and 17.9 C and were maximum between 17.9 and 19.5 C. The net rates of biomass gain were maximum between 12.4 and 15.4 C.Median upper thermal tolerance limits (TL50 values) were determined for newly hatched and swim-up alevins. Tolerance did not increase in newly hatched alevins with acclimation to temperatures from 2.5 to 12 C. The upper 7-day TL50 for newly hatched alevins acclimated over this range of temperatures was 20.1 C. The swim-up alevins showed both an increase in temperature tolerance with acclimation temperatures between 7.5 and 12 C and an increase in tolerance over that of the newly hatched alevins at comparable acclimation temperatures. The ultimate 7-day TL50 of swim-up alevins was 24.5 C. Swim-up alevins exceed newly hatched alevins in thermal tolerance by 2.0–4.5 C, depending on the temperature of acclimation. The TL50 of newly hatched alevins of comparable acclimation (12 C) is reduced by about 2 C when the exposure time is increased from 1 to 7 days.

Exotic “Gill Lice” Species (Copepoda: Lernaeopodidae:SalmincolaSPP.) Infect Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the Southeastern United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos F. Ruiz ◽  
Jacob M. Rash ◽  
Doug A. Besler ◽  
Jackson R. Roberts ◽  
Micah B. Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Parasite-induced susceptibility to predation in diplostomiasis

Parasitology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Brassard ◽  
M. E. Rau ◽  
M. A. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Induced Susceptibility ◽  
Diplostomum Spathaceum

Guppies (Lebistes reticulatis) exposed to doses as low as 25 cercariae of Diplostomum spathaceum for 30 min were consistently and significantly more susceptible to predation by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) than uninfected controls. The increase in susceptibility to predation was correlated with a marked decrease in the activity of infected fish.

scholarly journals Brook trout passage performance through culverts

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Goerig ◽  
Theodore Castro-Santos ◽  
Normand Émile Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Corrugated Metal

Culverts can restrict access to habitat for stream-dwelling fishes. We used passive integrated transponder telemetry to quantify passage performance of >1000 wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) attempting to pass 13 culverts in Quebec under a range of hydraulic and environmental conditions. Several variables influenced passage success, including complex interactions between physiology and behavior, hydraulics, and structural characteristics. The probability of successful passage was greater through corrugated metal culverts than through smooth ones, particularly among smaller fish. Trout were also more likely to pass at warmer temperatures, but this effect diminished above 15 °C. Passage was impeded at higher flows, through culverts with steep slopes, and those with deep downstream pools. This study provides insight on factors influencing brook trout capacity to pass culverts as well as a model to estimate passage success under various conditions, with an improved resolution and accuracy over existing approaches. It also presents methods that could be used to investigate passage success of other species, with implications for connectivity of the riverscape.

Food Specialization By Individual Trout

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1615-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Bryan ◽  
P. A. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Potential Prey ◽  
Repeated Observation ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Salmo Clarki

Analyses of stomach contents showed that the kinds of prey eaten by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were seldom distributed at random among the individuals. Repeated observation of food eaten by individuals in a stream and ponds showed that prey types were eaten in proportions which were characteristic for an individual.Specialization occurred on several different kinds of prey. Although the degree of specialization was higher during shorter intervals, the data suggested that some specialization persisted for half a year. There were no striking correlations between degree of specialization and other individual properties such as size, growth rate, weight of food, number of food items, previous specialization, or area of recapture.In addition to the observations on trout in relatively undisturbed habitats, a field experiment was conducted using laboratory-reared rainbow trout held in small ponds. The food of each trout in the experiment was sampled repeatedly. In analysis of variance, interaction among the individuals and kinds of prey eaten showed that food specialization occurred. Both the absolute and relative abundance of potential prey were constant during the experiment.

Electrophysiological abnormalities produced by ammonium in isolated perfused brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, hearts

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Bubien ◽  
T. L. Meade
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis
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