Effects of Temperature on Growth and Survival of Young Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1107-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Howard McCormick ◽  
Kenneth E. F. Hokanson ◽  
Bernard R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Limits ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Upper Thermal Tolerance

Instantaneous rates of growth, mortality, and net biomass gain were determined for alevin through juvenile brook trout reared for 8 weeks at six constant temperatures: 7.1, 9.8, 12.4, 15.4, 17.9, and 19.5 C. Growth rates were maximum between 12.4 and 15.4 C. Mortality rates increased between 15.4 and 17.9 C and were maximum between 17.9 and 19.5 C. The net rates of biomass gain were maximum between 12.4 and 15.4 C.Median upper thermal tolerance limits (TL50 values) were determined for newly hatched and swim-up alevins. Tolerance did not increase in newly hatched alevins with acclimation to temperatures from 2.5 to 12 C. The upper 7-day TL50 for newly hatched alevins acclimated over this range of temperatures was 20.1 C. The swim-up alevins showed both an increase in temperature tolerance with acclimation temperatures between 7.5 and 12 C and an increase in tolerance over that of the newly hatched alevins at comparable acclimation temperatures. The ultimate 7-day TL50 of swim-up alevins was 24.5 C. Swim-up alevins exceed newly hatched alevins in thermal tolerance by 2.0–4.5 C, depending on the temperature of acclimation. The TL50 of newly hatched alevins of comparable acclimation (12 C) is reduced by about 2 C when the exposure time is increased from 1 to 7 days.

Temperature Tolerance of Bloater (Coregonus hoyi)

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2047-2052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Edsall ◽  
Donald V. Rottiers ◽  
Edward H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Lethal Temperatures ◽  
Coregonus Artedii ◽  
Coregonus Hoyi

Juvenile and young adult bloaters (Coregonus hoyi) were tested for tolerance to high temperatures. The ultimate upper lethal temperature of juvenile bloaters (26.75 C) appeared to be slightly higher than that of young adult bloaters, but was similar to that of juvenile ciscoes, Coregonus artedii (26.0 C), the only other North American coregonine for which a detailed description of temperature tolerance has been published.Regression equations are given that permit estimation of the thermal tolerance when the lethal temperatures are incompletely known. The estimated thermal tolerance of juvenile bloaters (617 units) was slightly less than that of the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis; 625 units), but was higher than that of other Salmonidae.

Survival, Growth, Reproduction, and Diet of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) Stocked into Lakes after Liming to Mitigate Acidity

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven P. Gloss ◽  
Carl L. Schofield ◽  
Robert L. Spateholts ◽  
Barbara A. Plonski
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Acid Tolerance ◽  
Mountain Lakes ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Population Loss ◽  
Natural Reproduction ◽  
Woods Lake ◽  
Adirondack Mountain

Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were stocked into two previously acidic (pH 4.5–5.2) Adirondack Mountain lakes, Woods Lake and Cranberry Pond, following liming in June, 1985. Age 0+ Temiscamie × Domestic hybrid brook trout were stocked at 200∙ha−1 with one-half of the fish selected for presumed acid tolerance. Age 1+ Temiscamie strain brook trout were also stocked at 50∙ha−1. Liming increased pH to well above 7 and alkalinity to over 200 μeq∙L−1. Growth and condition of stocked fish were good while water quality conditions remained suitable. However, in Cranberry Pond, which reacidified 6 mo after liming, both growth and survival declined dramatically. Much of the population loss was due to emigration. Annual survival in Woods Lake averaged 35 and 25% for the age 0+ and 1+ fish, respectively. Initially large invertebrates made up most of the diet for stocked fish. These taxa were replaced by zooplankton within a few months. Limited natural reproduction was associated with low velocity groundwater inflows and high acidity in tributary streams. Fry emergence from artificial spawning substrates placed in Woods Lake peaked well after snowmelt inflows which produced toxic conditions in littoral areas.

Chronic Effects of Reduced pH on Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Menendez
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Chronic Effects

During an 11-mo period all developmental stages of the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were continuously exposed to pH levels of 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, and the control 7.1. The number of viable eggs was reduced significantly at pH 5.0 and to a lesser extent at the higher pH levels. Embryo hatchability was significantly less at all pH levels below 6.5. Growth and survival of alevins was reduced at the lower pH levels. These data indicate that continual exposure to pH values below 6.5 will result in significant reductions in egg hatchability and growth.

Responses of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) Fry to Fluctuating Acid, Aluminum, and Low Calcium Exposure

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1623-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Mount ◽  
M. J. Swanson ◽  
J. E. Breck ◽  
A. M. Farag ◽  
H. L. Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Pulse Exposure ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
Calcium Stress ◽  
Baseline Conditions

Brook trout fry were exposed for thirty days to temporal combinations of two water qualities: (1) pH 5.21, 51 μg/L total aluminum, with 2.39 mg/L calcium (baseline); and (2) pH 4.59, 329 μg/L total aluminum, with 1.56 mg/L calcium (pulse). Although continuous exposure to the latter conditions caused nearly complete mortality, exposures alternating between the two conditions caused much less mortality. In fact, fish experiencing 18 d of baseline conditions before their first pulse exposure had mortality rates equal to fish never experiencing a pulse, indicating acclimation to acid/aluminum/low calcium stress. We conclude that the pattern of fluctuating acid/aluminum/low calcium exposure is very important in determining its toxicity, and that the toxicity of acidic "pulses" in field situations may be lower than would be expected from laboratory exposures using naive fish, due to the existence of acclimation.

Interactions of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and trout (Salvelinus fontinalis and Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Vermont tributaries of the Connecticut River

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Raffenberg ◽  
Donna L Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Connecticut River ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Competitive interactions among stream salmonids in resource-limited environments have been linked to reduced success for many species. Few studies have focused on interactions at scales larger than individual fish or stream reach. We chose to focus our study on these larger scales to provide information for managing species that have complex life histories transcending multiple scales. Our objective was to explore age-0 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) growth and survival in relation to trout abundance (introduced rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and native brook (Salvelinus fontinalis) trout) and prey resources at 24 stream reaches across two Vermont watersheds that flow into the Connecticut River. Simple linear and multilinear regressions were conducted on response and predictor variables related to fish and invertebrate prey. Age-0 Atlantic salmon survival was greatest at the site with highest trout abundance; however, no linear relationships to trout abundance were detected possibly because Atlantic salmon growth and survival were highly variable across sites. In contrast, a positive significant multivariate relationship was identified among age-0 Atlantic salmon survival, the abundance of age-1+ brook trout (i.e., 100–130 mm), and benthic prey abundance. These results suggest that stocking streams based on trout abundance may not increase Atlantic salmon growth and survival during the first summer of life.

A Unifying Model to Estimate Thermal Tolerance Limits in Ectotherms Across Static, Dynamic and Fluctuating Exposures to Thermal Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Bjerregaard Jørgensen ◽  
Hans Malte ◽  
Michael Ørsted ◽  
Nikolaj Andreasen Klahn ◽  
Johannes Overgaard
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Thermal Injury ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Tolerance Limits ◽  
Dynamic Experiments ◽  
Different Temperatures

Abstract Temperature tolerance is critical for defining the fundamental niche of ectotherms and researchers classically use either static (exposure to a constant temperature) or dynamic (ramping temperature) assays to assess tolerance. The use of different methods complicates comparison between studies and here we present mathematical model (and R-scripts) to reconcile thermal tolerance measures obtained from static and dynamic assays. Our model uses input data from several static or dynamic experiments and is based on the well-supported assumption that thermal injury accumulation rate increases exponentially with temperature (recently re-introduced as Thermal Tolerance Landscapes). The model also assumes thermal stress at different temperatures to be additive and using experiments with Drosophila melanogaster, we validate these central assumptions by demonstrating that heat injury attained at different heat stress intensities and durations is additive. In a separate experiment we demonstrate that our model can accurately describe injury accumulation during fluctuating temperature stress and further we validate the model by successfully converting literature data of ectotherm heat tolerance (both static and dynamic assays) to a single, comparable metric (the temperature tolerated for 1 hour). The model presented here has many promising applications for the analysis of ectotherm thermal tolerance and we also discuss potential pitfalls that should be considered and avoided using this model.

LA TOXICITÉ DU DDT POUR LE SAUMON DE L'ATLANTIQUE (SALMO SALAR LINNÉ) ET LES ALEVINS DE TRUITE (SALVELINUS FONTINALIS MITCHILL)

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Water Circulation ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The relative sensitivity of brook trout fry, salmon fry, and 1- and 2-year-old parrs to known quantities of DDT was studied in hatchery-trough experiments with larger numbers of specimens than were used by previous workers. In troughs, in which part-time water circulation was achieved and DDT used at the rate of 0.5 lb./acre (0.32 p.p.m.), high mortality rates (93–100%) were recorded for salmon fry, trout fry, and 1-year-old parrs. Moreover, it was shown that group susceptibility decreases in the following manner: salmon fry > 1-year-old parrs > trout fry. In another series of experiments, under identical conditions, it was shown that sensitivity in salmon decreases with age. Using salmon fry, in troughs deprived of water circulation, a study was made of the effects of various concentrations of DDT: 0.33, 0.18, 0.072, and 0.036 p.p.m. corresponding to 0.5, 0.25, 0.1, and 0.05 lb. of DDT/acre, respectively. The average lethal dose (L.D. 50) was found to be 0.072 p.p.m. A comparison between two series of experiments shows how mixing of the DDT with water makes the poison more deadly than when used as a DDT–oil solution on the surface of water.

Movement, Growth, and Survival in a Stream Population of Wild Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) During a Period of Removal of Non-Trout Species

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1359-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Flick ◽  
Dwight A. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Adirondack Mountain

No well-defined changes in growth and survival rates of native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were detected during a 13-yr period when non-trout species were removed from a small Adirondack Mountain stream using fixed traps located throughout the system. The catch of non-trout species was about 124,000 weighing 2000 kg, and of trout, 13,000, weighing 500 kg. Slow growth characterized the population through this time, with mean lengths of 13.2, 17.3, and 21.3 cm at ages I+, II+, and III+, respectively. The weighted annual survival rate for ages II–V was 18%, with most deaths due to natural causes. The most striking observation was virtual cessation of movement of both trout and non-trout species after 7 yr, suggesting that the removal program had an effect on population behavior, even if it was not reflected in an improvement in trout growth.

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