Bioassay-Derived 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Equivalents in PCB-Containing Extracts from the Flesh and Eggs of Lake Michigan Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Possible Implications for Reproduction

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1685-1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald T. Ankley ◽  
Donald E. Tillitt ◽  
John P. Giesy ◽  
Paul D. Jones ◽  
David A. Verbrugge
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Hepatoma Cell ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Dorsal Muscle ◽  
Tetrachlorodibenzo P Dioxin

Concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQ), derived via the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay, were measured in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) containing extracts of flesh (dorsal muscle) and egg samples from 10 spawning chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from Lake Michigan. There was a marked maternal transfer of both TCDD-EQ and PCBs, and potency of the PCB mixture (expressed as picograms of TCDD-EQ per microgram of PCB) in eggs was 2.5 times greater than potency of the PCB mixture in dorsal muscle of the fish. There was a statistically significant, inverse relationship between the total concentration of PCBs in eggs and hatching success of the fish, with an effect concentration that corresponded to approximately 100 pg TCDD-EQ/g egg. Our results, based on a relatively small sample size, suggest that PCBs, in particular those with TCDD-type activity, may have influenced reproductive success of the fish.

Examining the potential of otolith chemistry to determine natal origins of wild Lake Michigan Chinook salmon

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 2035-2044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Maguffee ◽  
Reneé Reilly ◽  
Richard Clark ◽  
Michael L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Otolith Microchemistry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Wide Scale

Previous research has demonstrated a large movement of hatchery-reared Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from Lake Huron to Lake Michigan, suggesting the potential for wild fish to exhibit similar movement patterns. We assessed the feasibility of using otolith microchemistry to estimate the natal source composition of wild Chinook salmon in Lake Michigan and evaluate interbasin movement. Otolith pairs were extracted from juvenile and adult fish collected in 2015 and 2016 from Great Lakes tributaries. Otoliths were analyzed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine trace element concentrations, and four multivariate classification algorithms were evaluated for classification accuracy. Juvenile data reclassified to their natal regions with up to 89% success on a basin level, with a random forest approach performing the best among all models. Assigning adults to their natal origins resulted in more success on a basin-wide scale (74% to 88%) compared with a regional scale (32% to 51%), but success was still below juvenile reclassification accuracy. Our findings suggest that otolith microchemistry can be used to estimate wild Chinook salmon interbasin movement and that classification accuracy can be improved by matching juvenile and adult year classes in our assessment samples. Ultimately, we intend to use these models to assess the effects of wild Chinook salmon interbasin movement on Lake Michigan predatory demand and evaluate the risks of various stocking alternatives.

Evaluation of a chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) bioenergetics model

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles P Madenjian ◽  
Daniel V O'Connor ◽  
Sergei M Chernyak ◽  
Richard R Rediske ◽  
James P O'Keefe
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Bioenergetics Model

We evaluated the Wisconsin bioenergetics model for chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in both the laboratory and the field. Chinook salmon in laboratory tanks were fed alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), the predominant food of chinook salmon in Lake Michigan. Food consumption and growth by chinook salmon during the experiment were measured. To estimate the efficiency with which chinook salmon retain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from their food in the laboratory, PCB concentrations of the alewife and of the chinook salmon at both the beginning and end of the experiment were determined. Based on our laboratory evaluation, the bioenergetics model was furnishing unbiased estimates of food consumption by chinook salmon. Additionally, from the laboratory experiment, we calculated that chinook salmon retained 75% of the PCBs contained within their food. In an earlier study, assimilation rate of PCBs to chinook salmon from their food in Lake Michigan was estimated at 53%, thereby suggesting that the model was substantially overestimating food consumption by chinook salmon in Lake Michigan. However, we concluded that field performance of the model could not be accurately assessed because PCB assimilation efficiency is dependent on feeding rate, and feeding rate of chinook salmon was likely much lower in our laboratory tanks than in Lake Michigan.

Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) density, growth, mortality, and movement in two Lake Michigan tributaries

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Carl
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Daily Rate ◽  
Pine Creek ◽  
Mortality Estimates ◽  
Overall Mortality

Spawning density and the time of spawning (October) were similar in two tributaries of Lake Michigan in 1977 and 1978. Drift of recently emerged fry began in April and continued into June. During 1977–1979, the density of chinook salmon juveniles increased rapidly in early May to 0.3–2.9 fish/m2 and then declined to 0.2–0.8 fish/m2 by late June when most of the fish smolted. Instantaneous mortality estimates were variable between years and sites in both creeks, but overall mortality was similar in both streams with an average daily rate of 0.024 for Baldwin Creek and 0.025 for Pine Creek. A regression of the mortality rates versus initial density indicated the mortality rates were dependent on the initial fry density. There was no correlation between an index of spawner density and the number of smolts produced. No correlation was found between initial resident fry density and emergent fry colonization. Size-selective mortality was indicated in some stream sections. The daily growth rates for fish in both streams varied between 0.28 and 1.01 mm per day. These rates were similar to or higher than rates reported in the literature from other stocks of chinook salmon on the west coast of North America and Lake Ontario.

Endohelminths of salmonids from two localities in eastern Lake Michigan, with emphasis on Echinorhynchus salmonis

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1604-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Muzzall
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Adult salmonids (101 chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; 7 coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch; 56 lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush; 6 steelhead, Salmo gairdneri; and 2 brown trout, Salmo trutta) were collected from eastern Lake Michigan (Ludington and Manistee, Michigan) in July–September 1986, and examined for helminths. Eight species (three Cestoda, three Nematoda, two Acanthocephala) were found in the digestive tract and other viscera. Echinorhynchus salmonis and Eubothrium salvelini were the most common helminths found. The intensity of E. salmonis significantly increased as chinook salmon became older and longer.

Changes in seasonal energy dynamics of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in Lake Michigan after invasion of dreissenid mussels

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles P Madenjian ◽  
Steven A Pothoven ◽  
John M Dettmers ◽  
Jeffrey D Holuszko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Energy Dynamics ◽  
Bioenergetics Modeling ◽  
Average Adult

The dreissenid mussel invasion of Lake Michigan during the 1990s has been linked to a concomitant decrease in the abundance of the amphipod Diporeia. We tracked the seasonal energy dynamics of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in Lake Michigan during 2002–2004 and compared our findings with previously published results for years 1979–1981. Adult alewife energy density exhibited a pronounced seasonal cycle during both the pre-invasion and post-invasion periods, with energy density in October or November nearly twice as high as that in early summer. However, on average, adult alewife energy density was 23% lower during the post-invasion period compared with the pre-invasion period. This significant decline in energy density was attributable to decreased importance of Diporeia in adult alewife diet. In contrast, energy density of juvenile alewives did not significantly differ between the pre-invasion and post-invasion periods. To attain a weight of 8 kg by age 4, bioenergetics modeling indicated that a Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Lake Michigan would have to consume 22.1% more alewives during the post-invasion period compared with the pre-invasion period.

Forecasting Forage Demand and Yield of Sterile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Lake Michigan

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (S2) ◽  
pp. s384-s389 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Kitchell ◽  
Steven W. Hewett
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Ecological Research ◽  
Current Growth

We assessed the potential role of sterile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) as piscivores and as the focus of a new trophy fishery in Lake Michigan. An energetics model for standard (not sterilized) chinook salmon was modified to extend the life history for up to 10 yr of life in Lake Michigan. A stocking of sterile fish consumes about one and a half times as much forage as would an equivalent stocking of standard chinook salmon over their life span, yet actually contributes less to the fishery because it lacks components that would mature precociously. At current growth rates, fish of trophy size (22.7 kg) would begin to appear in the fishery about 5 yr after stocking. Approximately 0.3% of sterile chinook would appear in the trophy fishery. These unique fish offer important opportunities for socioeconomic and ecological research.

A spatially explicit bioenergetics measure of habitat quality for adult salmonines: Comparison between Lakes Michigan and Ontario

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1572-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doran M. Mason ◽  
Andrew Goyke ◽  
Stephen B. Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Ecosystem Change ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Species Specific

We used spatially explicit modeling to compare habitat quality for chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, in Lakes Michigan and Ontario. This grid-based approach predicts a predator's physiological growth response, growth rate potential, from measured physical and biological environmental conditions and is a species-specific measure of habitat quality. Underwater acoustics was used to map prey spatial distributions, abundances, and sizes. A foraging model defined predator consumption rates from prey data. A bioenergetics model calculated growth rate potential based on consumption rates and prevailing thermal conditions. We compared habitat quality between lakes using both the mean growth rate potential and the volume (or proportion) of water capable of supporting positive growth rates. Mean growth rate potential for both chinook salmon and lake trout was similar between the lakes despite known differenes in the prey species composition and abundance. However, Lake Michigan provided a greater volume of water capable of supporting growth for both chinook salmon (26%) and lake trout (21%) compared with that for Lake Ontario (19% for both species). Our measure of habitat quality based on species-specific physiological requirements should provide a tool to compare ecosystems and quantify ecosystem change.

Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations in Adult Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Returning to Coastal and Puget Sound Hatcheries of Washington State

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (18) ◽  
pp. 6944-6951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Missildine ◽  
Roger J. Peters ◽  
Gerardo Chin-Leo ◽  
Douglas Houck
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Washington State
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