Changes in seasonal energy dynamics of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in Lake Michigan after invasion of dreissenid mussels

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles P Madenjian ◽  
Steven A Pothoven ◽  
John M Dettmers ◽  
Jeffrey D Holuszko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Energy Dynamics ◽  
Bioenergetics Modeling ◽  
Average Adult

The dreissenid mussel invasion of Lake Michigan during the 1990s has been linked to a concomitant decrease in the abundance of the amphipod Diporeia. We tracked the seasonal energy dynamics of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in Lake Michigan during 2002–2004 and compared our findings with previously published results for years 1979–1981. Adult alewife energy density exhibited a pronounced seasonal cycle during both the pre-invasion and post-invasion periods, with energy density in October or November nearly twice as high as that in early summer. However, on average, adult alewife energy density was 23% lower during the post-invasion period compared with the pre-invasion period. This significant decline in energy density was attributable to decreased importance of Diporeia in adult alewife diet. In contrast, energy density of juvenile alewives did not significantly differ between the pre-invasion and post-invasion periods. To attain a weight of 8 kg by age 4, bioenergetics modeling indicated that a Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Lake Michigan would have to consume 22.1% more alewives during the post-invasion period compared with the pre-invasion period.

Evaluation of a chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) bioenergetics model

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles P Madenjian ◽  
Daniel V O'Connor ◽  
Sergei M Chernyak ◽  
Richard R Rediske ◽  
James P O'Keefe
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Bioenergetics Model

We evaluated the Wisconsin bioenergetics model for chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in both the laboratory and the field. Chinook salmon in laboratory tanks were fed alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), the predominant food of chinook salmon in Lake Michigan. Food consumption and growth by chinook salmon during the experiment were measured. To estimate the efficiency with which chinook salmon retain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from their food in the laboratory, PCB concentrations of the alewife and of the chinook salmon at both the beginning and end of the experiment were determined. Based on our laboratory evaluation, the bioenergetics model was furnishing unbiased estimates of food consumption by chinook salmon. Additionally, from the laboratory experiment, we calculated that chinook salmon retained 75% of the PCBs contained within their food. In an earlier study, assimilation rate of PCBs to chinook salmon from their food in Lake Michigan was estimated at 53%, thereby suggesting that the model was substantially overestimating food consumption by chinook salmon in Lake Michigan. However, we concluded that field performance of the model could not be accurately assessed because PCB assimilation efficiency is dependent on feeding rate, and feeding rate of chinook salmon was likely much lower in our laboratory tanks than in Lake Michigan.

Examining the potential of otolith chemistry to determine natal origins of wild Lake Michigan Chinook salmon

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 2035-2044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Maguffee ◽  
Reneé Reilly ◽  
Richard Clark ◽  
Michael L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Otolith Microchemistry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Wide Scale

Previous research has demonstrated a large movement of hatchery-reared Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from Lake Huron to Lake Michigan, suggesting the potential for wild fish to exhibit similar movement patterns. We assessed the feasibility of using otolith microchemistry to estimate the natal source composition of wild Chinook salmon in Lake Michigan and evaluate interbasin movement. Otolith pairs were extracted from juvenile and adult fish collected in 2015 and 2016 from Great Lakes tributaries. Otoliths were analyzed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine trace element concentrations, and four multivariate classification algorithms were evaluated for classification accuracy. Juvenile data reclassified to their natal regions with up to 89% success on a basin level, with a random forest approach performing the best among all models. Assigning adults to their natal origins resulted in more success on a basin-wide scale (74% to 88%) compared with a regional scale (32% to 51%), but success was still below juvenile reclassification accuracy. Our findings suggest that otolith microchemistry can be used to estimate wild Chinook salmon interbasin movement and that classification accuracy can be improved by matching juvenile and adult year classes in our assessment samples. Ultimately, we intend to use these models to assess the effects of wild Chinook salmon interbasin movement on Lake Michigan predatory demand and evaluate the risks of various stocking alternatives.

Energy dynamics and growth of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Central Valley of California during the estuarine phase and first ocean year

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1549-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bruce MacFarlane
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Energy Dynamics ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Energy Gains ◽  
Engraulis Mordax

The greatest rates of energy accumulation and growth in subyearling Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) occurred during the first month following ocean entry, supporting the importance of this critical period. Data from an 11-year study in the coastal ocean off California and the San Francisco Estuary revealed that juvenile salmon gained 3.2 kJ·day–1 and 0.8 g·day–1, representing 4.3%·day–1 and 5.2% day–1, respectively, relative to estuary exit values. Little gain in energy (0.28 kJ·day–1) or size (0.07 g·day–1) occurred in the estuary, indicating that the nursery function typically ascribed to estuaries can be deferred to initial ocean residence. Calculated northern anchovies ( Engraulis mordax ) equivalents to meet energy gains were one anchovy per day in the estuary (8% body weight·day–1) and about three per day immediately following ocean entry (15% body weight·day–1). Energy content in the estuary was positively related to higher salinity and lower freshwater outflow, whereas in the ocean, cooler temperatures, lower sea level, and greater upwelling resulted in greater gains. These results suggest that greater freshwater flows, warmer sea temperatures, and reduced or delayed upwelling, all of which are indicated by some (but not all) climate models, will likely decrease growth of juvenile Chinook salmon, leading to reduced survival.

Bioassay-Derived 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Equivalents in PCB-Containing Extracts from the Flesh and Eggs of Lake Michigan Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Possible Implications for Reproduction

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1685-1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald T. Ankley ◽  
Donald E. Tillitt ◽  
John P. Giesy ◽  
Paul D. Jones ◽  
David A. Verbrugge
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Hepatoma Cell ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Dorsal Muscle ◽  
Tetrachlorodibenzo P Dioxin

Concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQ), derived via the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay, were measured in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) containing extracts of flesh (dorsal muscle) and egg samples from 10 spawning chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from Lake Michigan. There was a marked maternal transfer of both TCDD-EQ and PCBs, and potency of the PCB mixture (expressed as picograms of TCDD-EQ per microgram of PCB) in eggs was 2.5 times greater than potency of the PCB mixture in dorsal muscle of the fish. There was a statistically significant, inverse relationship between the total concentration of PCBs in eggs and hatching success of the fish, with an effect concentration that corresponded to approximately 100 pg TCDD-EQ/g egg. Our results, based on a relatively small sample size, suggest that PCBs, in particular those with TCDD-type activity, may have influenced reproductive success of the fish.

Predation and Production by Salmonine Fishes in Lake Michigan, 1978–88

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 909-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Stewart ◽  
Myriam Ibarra
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Diet Shifts

A marked decline of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in Lake Michigan during 1981–83 led to diet shifts by coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) from feeding primarily on large alewife to eating proportionately more immature alewives and other prey. Diets of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) did not change greatly during that period. Population biomass conversion efficiency averaged 24.5% for coho and 16.6% for lake trout. Chinook salmon suffered an apparent 20% decline in gross conversion efficiency of biomass (25.1 to 20.8%) and a 25% decline in average weight of sport-caught fish. We infer that chinook salmon growth was inhibited by insufficient forage available to them. A simulation of chinook salmon feeding on bloater (Coregonus hoyi) at 8 °C suggested that such behavior could lead to further declines in growth rates. Extension of modeling results to include approximations for brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (O. mykiss) revealed peaks in total annual salmonine predation of 71 000 t in 1983 and 76 000 t in 1987. The alewife was 70% of all prey eaten by salmonines in 1987–88. Lakewide gross production by salmonines was 15 300 t (or 0.27 g∙m−2) in 1987. Ratios of annual gross production to average monthly population biomass were 1.6 for chinook, 1.15 for coho, and only 0.6 for lake trout.

Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) density, growth, mortality, and movement in two Lake Michigan tributaries

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Carl
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Daily Rate ◽  
Pine Creek ◽  
Mortality Estimates ◽  
Overall Mortality

Spawning density and the time of spawning (October) were similar in two tributaries of Lake Michigan in 1977 and 1978. Drift of recently emerged fry began in April and continued into June. During 1977–1979, the density of chinook salmon juveniles increased rapidly in early May to 0.3–2.9 fish/m2 and then declined to 0.2–0.8 fish/m2 by late June when most of the fish smolted. Instantaneous mortality estimates were variable between years and sites in both creeks, but overall mortality was similar in both streams with an average daily rate of 0.024 for Baldwin Creek and 0.025 for Pine Creek. A regression of the mortality rates versus initial density indicated the mortality rates were dependent on the initial fry density. There was no correlation between an index of spawner density and the number of smolts produced. No correlation was found between initial resident fry density and emergent fry colonization. Size-selective mortality was indicated in some stream sections. The daily growth rates for fish in both streams varied between 0.28 and 1.01 mm per day. These rates were similar to or higher than rates reported in the literature from other stocks of chinook salmon on the west coast of North America and Lake Ontario.

Current Response and Agonistic Behavior in Newly Emerged Fry of Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, from Ocean- and Stream- Type Populations

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric B. Taylor ◽  
P. A. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Life History Pattern ◽  
Stream Type

In Slim Creek, a tributary to the upper Fraser River east of Prince George, B.C., chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) fry summer and overwinter in their natal stream before migrating seaward as yearlings; they are "stream-type" in juvenile life history pattern. From the Harrison River, a tributary to the lower Fraser River, chinook fry migrate to the Fraser River estuary sometime during their first spring or early summer; they are "ocean-type." Newly emerged chinook fry from Slim Creek showed a stronger positive current response, were more aggressive in mirror image stimulation tests and intra- and inter-specific (with coho salmon (O. kisutch) fry) stream tank tests, and had larger and more brightly colored median fins than chinook fry from the Harrison River. These differences between Slim Creek and Harrison River chinook fry are in a direction consistent with their different patterns of length of freshwater residence as juveniles, since aggressive behavior, positive rheotaxis, and bright fin coloration are important components of extended stream residence in salmonids.

Endohelminths of salmonids from two localities in eastern Lake Michigan, with emphasis on Echinorhynchus salmonis

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1604-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Muzzall
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Adult salmonids (101 chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; 7 coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch; 56 lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush; 6 steelhead, Salmo gairdneri; and 2 brown trout, Salmo trutta) were collected from eastern Lake Michigan (Ludington and Manistee, Michigan) in July–September 1986, and examined for helminths. Eight species (three Cestoda, three Nematoda, two Acanthocephala) were found in the digestive tract and other viscera. Echinorhynchus salmonis and Eubothrium salvelini were the most common helminths found. The intensity of E. salmonis significantly increased as chinook salmon became older and longer.

Forecasting Forage Demand and Yield of Sterile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Lake Michigan

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (S2) ◽  
pp. s384-s389 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Kitchell ◽  
Steven W. Hewett
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Ecological Research ◽  
Current Growth

We assessed the potential role of sterile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) as piscivores and as the focus of a new trophy fishery in Lake Michigan. An energetics model for standard (not sterilized) chinook salmon was modified to extend the life history for up to 10 yr of life in Lake Michigan. A stocking of sterile fish consumes about one and a half times as much forage as would an equivalent stocking of standard chinook salmon over their life span, yet actually contributes less to the fishery because it lacks components that would mature precociously. At current growth rates, fish of trophy size (22.7 kg) would begin to appear in the fishery about 5 yr after stocking. Approximately 0.3% of sterile chinook would appear in the trophy fishery. These unique fish offer important opportunities for socioeconomic and ecological research.

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