Natural Hybridization between Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus) and Lake Trout (S. namaycush) in the Canadian Arctic

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2652-2658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris C. Wilson ◽  
Paul D.N. Hebert
Keyword(s):  
Lake Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease Analysis ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
Endonuclease Analysis

Natural interspecific hybrids between lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and Arctic char (S. alpinus) ranged in frequency from 1.8 to 6.8% in four of eleven lakes containing both species on the northern Melville Peninsula, N.W.T., and were also detected at several other sites across the Canadian Arctic. Hybrids were heterozygous for each of seven diagnostic allozyme loci between S. alpinus and S. namaycush, and were morphologically intermediate between the parental species. Restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial DNA revealed that all but one of the hybrids had S. namaycush as their maternal parent. Resampling of two lakes where hybrids were detected revealed low levels of bidirectional nuclear introgression between the two species and limited transfer of S. namaycush mtDNA into S. alpinus.

Mitochondrial DNA and Conservation of an Aboriginal Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus oquassa) from Floods Pond, Maine

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irv Kornfield ◽  
Frederick W. Kircheis
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
New England ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease Analysis ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Endemic Population ◽  
Distinct Lineage

Periods of low water in Floods Pond, Maine, USA, during spawning seasons for an endemic population of landlocked Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus oquassa, have contributed to several year-class failures. To determine the genetic uniqueness of these fish, samples of Arctic char from five isolated lakes in New England and eastern Canada were examined by restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and compared with samples of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and Arctic char from Scandinavia. Results suggest that (1) Arctic char of eastern North America should all be considered members of Salvelinus alpinus oquassa, (2) char from Floods Pond possess a unique mtDNA banding pattern for one restriction enzyme not observed in fish from any other sampled locality (this difference delineates a distinct lineage of Arctic char whose preservation is warranted on genetic grounds), and (3) unique banding patterns did not characterize any other studied char population, including geographic variants (these populations may be viewed as genetically homogeneous, and none warrant individual protection based upon our genetic characterizations). We contend that genetically identified lineages in the early stages of divergence warrant preservation.

Anadromy in Arctic populations of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush): otolith microchemistry, stable isotopes, and comparisons with Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 842-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi K. Swanson ◽  
Karen A. Kidd ◽  
John A. Babaluk ◽  
Rick J. Wastle ◽  
Panseok P. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Otolith Microchemistry ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Arctic Lakes ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
The Family

In the family Salmonidae, lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush ) are considered the least tolerant of salt water. There are, however, sporadic reports of lake trout in coastal, brackish habitats in the Canadian Arctic. Otolith microchemistry analyses conducted on lake trout and Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus ) from four Arctic lakes in the West Kitikmeot region of Nunavut, Canada, revealed that 37 of 135 (27%) lake trout made annual marine migrations. Anadromous lake trout were in significantly better condition (K = 1.17) and had significantly higher C:N ratios (3.71) than resident lake trout (K = 1.05 and C:N = 3.34). Anadromous lake trout also had significantly higher δ15N (mean = 16.4‰), δ13C (mean = –22.3‰), and δ34S (mean = 13.43‰) isotope ratios than resident lake trout (means = 12.84‰, –26.21‰, and 1.93‰ for δ15N, δ13C, and δ34S, respectively); results were similar for Arctic char and agree with results from previous studies. Mean age of first migration for lake trout was 13 years, which was significantly older than that for Arctic char (5 years). This could be a reflection of size-dependent salinity tolerance in lake trout, but further research is required. These are the first detailed scientific data documenting anadromy in lake trout.

Quantifying importance of marine prey in the diets of two partially anadromous fishes

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2020-2028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi K. Swanson ◽  
Karen A. Kidd ◽  
James D. Reist
Keyword(s):  
Lake Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Anthropogenic Stressors ◽  
Trout Population ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
Pelagic Prey

The importance of marine prey sources for partially anadromous fishes has received little study and is complicated by considerable plasticity in life history. We determined proportional contributions of marine, freshwater benthic, and freshwater pelagic prey to anadromous and resident Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from several partially anadromous populations in the Canadian Arctic. Bayesian mixing models (MixSIR) applied to δ34S and δ13C ratios in lake-specific models indicated that marine prey accounted for 90%–91% of anadromous Arctic char diet and 60%–66% of anadromous lake trout diet. When these estimates were combined with proportion of anadromous individuals in partially anadromous populations, marine food sources accounted for 31%–44% of Arctic char population productivity and 16%–26% of lake trout population productivity. Although future research is needed to refine and quantify variability around these estimates, our results will allow better predictions of the effects of anthropogenic stressors on partially anadromous fishes.

Depth and temperature preference of anadromous Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus in the Kitikmeot Sea, a shallow and low-salinity area of the Canadian Arctic

2020 ◽  
Vol 634 ◽  
pp. 175-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
LN Harris ◽  
DJ Yurkowski ◽  
MJH Gilbert ◽  
BGT Else ◽  
PJ Duke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Temperature Preference ◽  
Low Salinity

Mercury concentrations in landlocked Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from the Canadian Arctic. Part I: Insights from trophic relationships in 18 lakes

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaus Gantner ◽  
Michael Power ◽  
Deborah Iqaluk ◽  
Markus Meili ◽  
Hans Borg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Trophic Relationships

scholarly journals Genetic Stock Identification and Relative Contribution of Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus) from the Hornaday and Brock Rivers to Subsistence Fisheries in Darnley Bay, Northwest Territories + Supplementary Appendix Tables S1 to S4 (See Article Tools)

ARCTIC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Les N. Harris ◽  
David A. Bogsuski ◽  
Colin P. Gallagher ◽  
Kimberly L. Howland
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
Subsistence Fisheries ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Mixed Stock

Where anadromous fishes occur in the Canadian Arctic, they provide the mainstay of local subsistence fisheries of varying intensities. Many of these fisheries harvest a mixture of stocks at discrete locations and it is often not known which stocks, specifically, are being harvested and to what extent. In the Darnley Bay area of the Northwest Territories, Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus, in particular have long provided an important subsistence resource to residents of Paulatuk, and char from two systems (the Hornaday and Brock Rivers) are thought to contribute to the coastal fishery for this species. Genetic mixed-stock analysis (GMA) is routinely applied for resolving stock contributions to such fisheries, yet studies incorporating GMA to understand specifically which stocks are being harvested in the Canadian Arctic, and to what extent, are relatively scarce. In this study, we assayed microsatellite DNA variation among 987 Arctic char from two important coastal subsistence fisheries and several inland sampling locations in the Darnley Bay area to (1) assess the degree of genetic structuring between the Hornaday and Brock Rivers and (2) resolve the proportional contributions of these stocks to coastal mixed-stock fisheries in the region using GMA. Overall, genetic differentiation was relatively high and significant (θ = 0.117; 95% C.I. = 0.097–0.142) among baseline sampling locations. Overall patterns of genetic stock structure also support previous hypotheses that additional life history types (e.g., landlocked or freshwater-resident char, or both) exist in the Hornaday system, as indicated by elevated levels of genetic differentiation between some of our sampling locations. The GMA suggested that, while both river systems contribute to the coastal fishery, catches were dominated by Arctic char from the Hornaday River, which highlights the importance of this system. All told, our results may be relevant to the management of the subsistence fishery in Darnley Bay and for furthering the collective understanding of char biodiversity and life history variation in the Canadian Arctic.

Limnological and Biological Observations in the Region of the Ungava or Chubb Crater, Province of Quebec

1955 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Crater Lake ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Surface Oxygen ◽  
Secchi Disc ◽  
Total Solids

Ungava Crater Lake, at 73° 41′ W.L. and 61° 17′ N.L., lies in a meteoritic crater of the northern Quebec tundra. The lake is nearly circular, 1.7 miles in diameter, with steep walls and a maximum known depth of 825 feet. Secchi disc transparency was 35 metres. Summer surface temperatures were 3–4 °C., of the deep water a little less. Surface oxygen was abundant, pH was 6.5–6.6. Total solids in the water were less than 20 parts per million, and hardness was only 1.7 p.p.m. Three kinds of mammals and 14 of birds were found in the crater region. Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus, were the only fish taken in the crater lake. Specimens up to 21.8 inches fork length and 18 years old were taken; they fed on insects and other char. Char in other nearby waters grew somewhat faster but ate the same foods; mature females as small as 4.0 inches were seen. Lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, in a lake near the crater reached 33.5 inches and 15.8 pounds. Growth was very slow, the greatest age determined being 21 years, at 13 pounds. Twenty-nine species of vascular plants were collected close to the crater.

Influences of life history and environment on lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) growth and longevity in the Husky Lakes of the Western Canadian Arctic

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 840 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Kissinger ◽  
Darren M. Gillis ◽  
W. Gary Anderson ◽  
Charles Killeen ◽  
Norman M. Halden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush

Mercury concentrations in landlocked Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from the Canadian Arctic. Part II: Influence of lake biotic and abiotic characteristics on geographic trends in 27 populations

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaus Gantner ◽  
Derek C. Muir ◽  
Michael Power ◽  
Deborah Iqaluk ◽  
James D. Reist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Char

scholarly journals Correlation of Mercury Occurrence with Age, Elemental Composition, and Life History in Sea-Run Food Fish from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago’s Lower Northwest Passage

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2621
Author(s):  
Iris Koch ◽  
Pranab Das ◽  
Bronte E. McPhedran ◽  
John M. Casselman ◽  
Kristy L. Moniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Rate Condition ◽  
Mercury Emissions ◽  
Northwest Passage ◽  
Subsistence Fisheries ◽  
Wet Weight

As mercury emissions continue and climate-mediated permafrost thaw increases the burden of this contaminant in northern waters, Inuit from a Northwest passage community in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago pressed for an assessment of their subsistence catches. Sea-run salmonids (n = 537) comprising Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus), lake trout (S. namaycush), lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), and cisco (C. autumnalis, C. sardinella) were analyzed for muscle mercury. Methylmercury is a neurotoxin and bioaccumulated with fish age, but other factors including selenium and other elements, diet and trophic level as assessed by stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C), as well as growth rate, condition, and geographic origin, also contributed depending on the species, even though all the fish shared a similar anadromous or sea-run life history. Although mean mercury concentrations for most of the species were ~0.09 µg·g−1 wet weight (ww), below the levels described in several jurisdictions for subsistence fisheries (0.2 µg·g−1 ww), 70% of lake trout were above this guideline (0.35 µg·g−1 ww), and 19% exceeded the 2.5-fold higher levels for commercial sale. We thus urge the development of consumption advisories for lake trout for the protection of pregnant women and young children and that additionally, periodic community-based monitoring be initiated.

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