Homing, Straying, and Gene Flow among Seasonally Separated Populations of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta)

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross F. Tallman ◽  
Michael C. Healey
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Temporal Isolation ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Biochemical Genetic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Log Linear

To test the hypothesis that salmonids that stray into established populations can successfully reproduce, we compared the spatial and temporal pattern of return of marked individuals with the pattern of gene flow suggested by electrophoretic analysis in three populations of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) on Vancouver Island. Substantial straying occurred between populations that spawned during the same season. Populations where there was both spatial and temporal isolation in spawning had little straying. Electrophoretic analysis suggested that gene flow was substantially lower than the rate of straying and that it was highest among populations in close geographic proximity. The results of analysis using a log-linear model showed that the probability of discovering an individual stray was dependent on the population sampled and whether one sampled by mark–recapture or using biochemical genetic analysis. We propose that the difference between the rate of straying as measured by mark–recapture and by the analysis of polymorphic enzymes could be accounted for if salmonids straying onto the spawning grounds of established populations of conspecifics had lower reproductive success than fish that return to their natal streams.

Biochemical Genetic Survey and Stock Identification of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in British Columbia

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1702-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Beacham ◽  
A. P. Gould ◽  
R. E. Withler ◽  
C. B. Murray ◽  
L. W. Barner
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Stock Identification ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands

We examined genetic variability using electrophoretic analysis of 83 chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) stocks in British Columbia and used regional differences in genotypic frequencies of seven polymorphic loci to estimate stock compositions in a number of commercial and experimental test fisheries. Chum salmon from five regions could be discriminated: Queen Charlotte islands, north and central coast, west coast of Vancouver Island, the Fraser River and its tributaries, and the south coast (rivers draining into Johnstone Strait and the Strait of Georgia). Allelic frequencies from 33 stocks were generally stable over a period of 2 yr or more. South coast chum salmon was the dominant run migrating through upper Johnstone Strait in October 1982–85. The genetic method of stock identification provided managers with the relative proportions of Fraser River and other groups of chum salmon in a number of fisheries and allowed managers to regulate more effectively the exploitation rate of Fraser River chum salmon.

Energetic Constraints of Juvenile Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Migrating in Estuaries

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1555-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Wissmar ◽  
Charles A. Simenstad
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Metabolic Costs ◽  
Juvenile Chum Salmon ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Migration

Experiments on fish feeding behavior, field measures of fish sizes, migration rate, and prey resources, and an energetic growth model are used to evaluate the growth of juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) during outmigration in an estuary. Fish growth is defined as the difference between energy intake and metabolic costs. Energy intake is estimated from prey densities and foraging parameters, namely pursuit swimming speeds and energetic expenditures, and prey handling and encounter rates. Relationships for foraging parameters as functions of fish sizes and field prey abundance are used to evaluate energy intake by fish in the estuary. This information and calculations of metabolic costs allow predictions of fish growth during the migration. Results show that metabolic costs of maintenance and migration lie in a delicate balance with food intake and growth. Growth efficiencies exceeding 20% occur when metabolic expenditures decline and energy intake rates permit growth without depletion of the food supply. Defining such energetic balances facilitates characterization of carrying capacities of coastal ecosystems and has implications for enhancement of juvenile fish growth and, in turn, fish survival and production at sea.

The influence of hydrographic structure and seasonal run timing on genetic diversity and isolation-by-distance in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta)

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 2026-2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey B. Olsen ◽  
Blair G. Flannery ◽  
Terry D. Beacham ◽  
Jeffrey F. Bromaghin ◽  
Penelope A. Crane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Yukon River ◽  
Run Timing

We used 20 microsatellite loci to compare genetic diversity and patterns of isolation-by-distance among three groups of chum salmon ( Oncorhynchus keta ) from two physically distinct watersheds in western Alaska, USA. The results were consistent with the hypothesis that gene flow decreases as the complexity of the hydrographic system increases. Specifically, higher gene flow was inferred among 11 populations from a nonhierarchical collection of short coastal rivers in Norton Sound compared with 29 populations from a complex hierarchical network of inland tributaries of the Yukon River. Within the Yukon River, inferred gene flow was highest among 15 summer-run populations that spawn in the lower drainage, compared with 14 fall-run populations that spawn in the upper drainage. The results suggest that the complexity of the hydrographic system may influence population connectivity and hence the level of genetic diversity of western Alaska chum salmon. Finally, evidence of isolation-by-time, when controlling for geographic distance, supported the hypothesis that genetic divergence in Yukon River chum salmon is influenced by seasonal run timing. However, evidence of isolation-by-distance, when controlling for season run timing, indicated the populations are not sufficiently isolated, spatially or temporally, to prevent gene flow. Dispersal among summer- and fall-run populations may play a role in maintaining genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Bias in size composition of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) caught by a gillnet with a geometric series of mesh sizes, and its correction using gear intercalibration

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 930-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masa-aki Fukuwaka ◽  
Tomonori Azumaya ◽  
Nancy D. Davis ◽  
Toru Nagasawa
Keyword(s):  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Geometric Series ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Fish Swimming ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Selectivity Model ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Fukuwaka, M., Azumaya, T., Davis, N. D., and Nagasawa, T. 2008. Bias in size composition of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) caught by a gillnet with a geometric series of mesh sizes, and its correction using gear intercalibration. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 930–936. Some research gillnets with size combinations based on a geometric series have been used for research surveys underpinning the stock assessment of fresh-water and marine fish. We assessed a bias in size composition of chum salmon caught using a research gillnet consisting of ten different mesh sizes based on a geometric series of factor 1.14. In all, 11 fishing operations were conducted for gear intercalibration between the research gillnet and a midwater trawl in the central Bering Sea. The best-fit selectivity model to pooled catch data included different fishing intensities among gillnet meshes. The pooled catch efficiency and the maximum catch efficiency of the gillnet increased with fish size. Estimated size composition of chum salmon was more similar to trawl catches than to research gillnet catches. Bias in size composition of research gillnet catches may be caused by the difference in encounter probability among mesh sizes, variability in fish swimming speed based on fish size, mesh visibility influencing fish behaviour, and diel vertical migration of chum salmon. When conducting multimesh gillnet surveys for stock assessment, researchers should correct a bias in size composition by performing gear intercalibrations.

Development of an ELISA for Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Growth Hormone

1997 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruhisa Fukada ◽  
Naoshi Hiramatsu ◽  
Koichiro Gen ◽  
Akihiko Hara
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta

scholarly journals Correlation Between Geographic Distance and Genetic Distance in Populations of Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus keta

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1703-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro KIJIMA ◽  
Yoshihisa FUJIO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta

Relationships between maturational status and migration behavior of homing chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta in inner bays of the sanriku coast

2021 ◽  
pp. 113896
Author(s):  
Shigenori Nobata ◽  
Takashi Kitagawa ◽  
Shouji Houki ◽  
Motohiro Ito ◽  
Yoshinori Aoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Migration Behavior ◽  
Sanriku Coast ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
And Migration

scholarly journals Neural Stem Cells/Neuronal Precursor Cells and Postmitotic Neuroblasts in Constitutive Neurogenesis and After ,Traumatic Injury to the Mesencephalic Tegmentum of Juvenile Chum Salmon, Oncorhynchus keta

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Pushchina ◽  
Kapustyanov ◽  
Varaksin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Neuronal Precursor ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Neuronal Precursor Cells ◽  
Juvenile Chum Salmon

The proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs)/neuronal precursor cells (NPCs) and the occurrence of postmitotic neuroblasts in the mesencephalic tegmentum of intact juvenile chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, and at 3 days after a tegmental injury, were studied by immunohistochemical labeling. BrdU+ constitutive progenitor cells located both in the periventricular matrix zone and in deeper subventricular and parenchymal layers of the brain are revealed in the tegmentum of juvenile chum salmon. As a result of traumatic damage to the tegmentum, the proliferation of resident progenitor cells of the neuroepithelial type increases. Nestin-positive and vimentin-positive NPCs and granules located in the periventricular and subventricular matrix zones, as well as in the parenchymal regions of the tegmentum, are revealed in the mesencephalic tegmentum of juvenile chum salmon, which indicates a high level of constructive metabolism and constitutive neurogenesis. The expression of vimentin and nestin in the extracellular space, as well as additionally in the NSCs and NPCs of the neuroepithelial phenotype, which do not express nestin in the control animals, is enhanced during the traumatic process. As a result of the proliferation of such cells in the post-traumatic period, local Nes+ and Vim+ NPCs clusters are formed and become involved in the reparative response. Along with the primary traumatic lesion, which coincides with the injury zone, additional Nes+ and Vim+ secondary lesions are observed to form in the adjacent subventricular and parenchymal zones of the tegmentum. In the lateral tegmentum, the number of doublecortin-positive cells is higher compared to that in the medial tegmentum, which determines the different intensities and rates of neuronal differentiation in the sensory and motor regions of the tegmentum, respectively. In periventricular regions remote from the injury, the expression of doublecortin in single cells and their groups significantly increases compared to that in the damage zone.

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