Historical versus recent levels of organochlorine contaminants in lamprey larvae of the St. Lawrence River basin, Québec

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claud B. Renaud ◽  
Klaus L. E. Kaiser ◽  
Michael E. Comba
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Persistent Organochlorine ◽  
Significant Inverse Relationship ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Organochlorine Contaminants ◽  
St Lawrence River

This study shows that persistent organochlorine contaminants, including PCBs, reached higher concentrations in lamprey of the St. Lawrence River basin 40 years ago. A comparison was made of the concentrations of 22 organochlorine pesticides and 93 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in formalin-preserved lamprey ammocoetes collected between 1947–1950 and in 1990 in the St-François and Ste-Anne rivers, St. Lawrence River basin, Québec. Eight pesticides (β-BHC, α-Chlordane, γ-Chlordane, p,p′-DDD, o,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDT, and Heptachlor) reached higher concentrations in the earlier period, with Mirex being the only pesticide found in higher concentrations in 1990. Seventeen PCB congeners (24(27), 28, 98(84), 101, 110(77), 128, 129, 141, 149, 151, 158, 174, 177, 180, 183, 187(182), and 198) had higher concentrations in the 1947–1950 period compared with 1990. A significant inverse relationship was found between the concentration of the various PCB congeners and sampling date. The concentrations of DDT have decreased significantly, while its metabolites, DDD and DDE, have increased significantly over the last 40 years.

Comparison between lamprey ammocoetes and bivalve molluscs as biomonitors of organochlorine contaminants

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude B. Renaud ◽  
Klaus L. E. Kaiser ◽  
Michael E. Comba ◽  
Janice L. Metcalfe-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Organochlorine Compounds ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Organochlorine Contaminants ◽  
Mollusc Species ◽  
Lamprey Species ◽  
St Lawrence River

Lamprey ammocoetes were determined to be as suitable as adult bivalve molluscs for monitoring persistent organochlorine contaminants in the freshwater environment. Ammocoetes of four lamprey species and adults of three bivalve mollusc species, collected from the same seven rivers of the St. Lawrence River basin in Québec, were assayed for 21 organochlorine pesticides and for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners. All organochlorine compounds assayed were detected in one or more of the 15 lamprey samples whereas Aldrin, β-BHC, and PCB congeners 1, 3, 12(13), 29, 54, 189, 191, and 199 were not detected in any of the nine bivalve samples. Nine pesticides (Aldrin, Dieldrin, γ-BHC, α-Chlordane, γ-Chlordane, o,p′-DDD, p,p′-DDD, p,p′-DDT, and a-Endosulfan) had higher concentrations in the lampreys. PCB congeners 167(185) and 209 had higher concentrations in bivalves. PCBs accounted for 96.6–99.4% of the organochlorine lipid burden in bivalves, but only 33.4–76.8% in lampreys. On average, ammocoetes had 44 times more lipids per body dry weight than did bivalves. The differences observed in concentrations and types of organochlorine compounds found in the two taxa may be due to differences in the amounts (observed) and types (postulated) of body lipids they each possess.

Organochlorine Contaminants in Headwater Peatlands, and Selected Estuary Sites of the Moose River

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. McCrea ◽  
Greg M. Wickware
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Coastal Marshes ◽  
Surficial Sediments ◽  
Organochlorine Contaminants ◽  
Hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers ◽  
Moose River

Abstract Peatland waters of the Moose River basin, as well as surficial sediments and vascular plants of the estuary were sampled in 1982. Elevated levels of PCBs were found at all five peatland sites; concentrations ranged from 28 to 65 ng/L. Of the seventeen organochlorine pesticides investigated, the hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (a-and y-BHC) were the most prominent with total BHC concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 13.7 ng/L. The presence of these contaminants in ombrotrophic bogs indicated that there was atmospheric deposition of organochlorine contaminants in the basin. Analyses of surficial sediments, collected from tidal flats and coastal marshes, showed that PCBs and organochlorine pesticides were not present. Samples of Triglochin maritima L. seed heads and Typha latifolia L. roots were also free of PCBs.

Exposure to priority organochlorine contaminants in the Italian general population. Part 2

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
EJ Mrema ◽  
FM Rubino ◽  
S Mandic-Rajcevic ◽  
E Sturchio ◽  
R Turci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
General Population ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
The Body ◽  
Population Total ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Organochlorine Contaminants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Age Range

Concentrations of 36 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners were measured in serum of 372 Italian residents of general population living in Novafeltria, Pavia, and Milan. Total PCB level differed significantly between these sites ( p < 0.0001) with median concentrations of 836.50, 1354.57, and 2062.08 pmol/g lipid, respectively. However, there is no evidence for the difference in distribution of total PCB levels by genders. Total dioxin-like PCBs differed significantly ( p < 0.0001) between the sites (median 109.78, 50.88, and 166.99 pmol/g lipid, respectively) and genders of Novafeltria and Pavia ( p = 0.011 and 0.009, respectively). PCB 138, 153, 170, and 180 differed significantly between the places of residence ( p < 0.0001) with higher values in Milan population. In the overall population, total PCB and PCB 138, 153, 156, 170, and 180 correlated positively with age (correlations range between 0.320 and 0.569, p < 0.0001). In Novafeltria, the correlations ranged between 0.545 and 0.670, and in Pavia, the correlations ranged between 0.516 and 0.666. In Milan, correlations with age range between 0.327 and 0.417 for total PCB and congeners 138, 153, and 180. With an exception of PCB 170, there was no evidence of significant difference in the distribution of most abundant PCB congeners and total PCB across the body mass index categories.

Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in Commercial Fish from the Great Lakes

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Harvey Newsome ◽  
Paul Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticide ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Commercial Operation ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Contaminated Area

Abstract Fillets from 11 species of commercial fish from the Great Lakes were analyzed for residues of 39 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and 24 other organochlorine compounds. Eel and trout contained the highest amount of PCB (753 and 633 ppb wet weight, respectively) and other organochlorines (607 and 1404 ppb, respectively); perch and carp contained the lowest residues. The pentaand hexachlorinated PCBs were the major congeners in all species except whitefish, in which the tetrachlorinated congeners predominated. Toxaphene was the most abundant organochlorine pesticide in trout; p,p′ -DDE was the major component of this class in eel. Residue concentrations in commercial carp were compared with residues present in carp from a fishery closed to commercial operation. Although both PCB and organochlorine pesticide levels in carp were among the lowest for all commercial fish samples, levels from the contaminated area were among the highest.

Distribution of Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs between Aqueous and Suspended Sediment Phases in the Lower Great Lakes Region

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. McCrea ◽  
John D. Fischer ◽  
Kenneth W. Kuntz
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Niagara River ◽  
Organochlorine Contaminants ◽  
Sediment Fraction ◽  
St Lawrence River

Abstract Suspended sediment and extracts of the aqueous phase were collected in 1981 at eleven locations in the Lower Great Lakes Region and analyzed for 17 organochlorine pesticide residues and PCB's. Mirex, and p,p'-DDE when found were predominantly in the suspended sediment fraction, whereas α-BHC, γ-BHC, dieldrin, endrin, p,p'-TDE and trans-chlordane were most abundant in the aqueous phase. Several pesticide residues, notably cis-chlordane, p,p'-DDT and p,p'-methoxychlor were found to have variable distribution characteristics between the suspended sediment and aqueous phases. The greater proportion of organochlorine pesticides present in Lake Erie and the Niagara River were found in the aqueous phase samples, which contained at least 90% of the total pesticide concentration at 5 of the 6 stations sampled. Virtually all of the organochlorine contaminants present in Lake Ontario were found in the aqueous phase, which contained 100% of the pesticides and 91% of total PCB's. Similar results were obtained for the St Lawrence River.

Polychlorinated Biphenyl (Pcb) and Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene (Dde) Exposure Among Native American Men From Contaminated Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward F. Fitzgerald ◽  
Kelley A. Brix ◽  
Debra A. Deres ◽  
Syni-An Hwang ◽  
Brian Bush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Native American ◽  
Enzyme Induction ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
New York State ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
St Lawrence River

The New York State Department of Health is performing an investigation of Mohawk men, women, and infants who live at the Akwesasne Reserve along the St. Lawrence River in New York, Ontario, and Quebec. Three large industrial facilities bordering the Akwesasne Reserve have seriously contaminated the soil and the sediments and fish of the adjacent St. Lawrence River with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The main study goals are to investigate the associations among the consumption of locally caught fish, residential exposure, body burdens of PCBs, and liver enzyme induction. Contamination with PCBs, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) and other chemicals has been documented in locally caught fish, ducks, and other wildlife. The contamination of fish and wildlife is a major concern of the Mohawk people, since their tradition and culture emphasize the interdependence of man and his environment and because many residents formerly depended heavily on local fish and waterfowl for food. The focus of this research from 1986-1992 was on nursing women and infants. The major purpose of the current project is to determine if there are associations between dietary, residential, and occupational exposures to PCBs and DDE and individual body burdens in Mohawk men, specifically the husbands, partners, fathers, brothers, or other male relatives of the women in our other studies. In other fish-eating populations, adult men have tended to demonstrate higher PCB and DDE body burdens than women and children. Exposure estimates based on the reported consumption of locally caught fish and wildlife and residential histories will be correlated with the specific pattern of PCB congeners found in serum, thereby establishing a direct relationship between two potential sources of exposure and body burdens. Liver function will be examined through the caffeine breath test (CBT), a sensitive, noninvasive method of assessment of enzyme induction, one of the earliest detectable biological responses to PCBs in laboratory animals. This test appears promising as a method to detect subtle subclinical effects before the onset of overt clinical symptoms. The project is among the first to explore differences in dietary and other exposures, body burdens, and potential adverse health effects due to specific PCB congeners in men and women from the same source population.

Polychlorinated biphenyl induced hepatocyte alterations

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 716-717
Author(s):  
D.N. Collins ◽  
J.N. Turner ◽  
K.O. Brosch ◽  
R.F. Seegal
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
The Brain

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a ubiquitous class of environmental pollutants with toxic and hepatocellular effects, including accumulation of fat, proliferated smooth endoplasmic recticulum (SER), and concentric membrane arrays (CMAs) (1-3). The CMAs appear to be a membrane storage and degeneration organelle composed of a large number of concentric membrane layers usually surrounding one or more lipid droplets often with internalized membrane fragments (3). The present study documents liver alteration after a short term single dose exposure to PCBs with high chlorine content, and correlates them with reported animal weights and central nervous system (CNS) measures. In the brain PCB congeners were concentrated in particular regions (4) while catecholamine concentrations were decreased (4-6). Urinary levels of homovanillic acid a dopamine metabolite were evaluated (7).Wistar rats were gavaged with corn oil (6 controls), or with a 1:1 mixture of Aroclor 1254 and 1260 in corn oil at 500 or 1000 mg total PCB/kg (6 at each level).

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