Scale analyses to estimate somatic growth in sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Fukuwaka ◽  
M Kaeriyama
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder ◽  
Linear Path ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Back Calculation ◽  
The Relationship

The relationships between individual growth and scale pattern were examined for juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) marked with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags to assess the usefulness of scale analyses for estimating somatic growth. The relationship between absolute somatic growth and increment of scale radius was linear. The relationship between increment of scale radius and number of circuli was also linear. Path analysis showed that the number of circuli was directly correlated with absolute growth. A negative path coefficient (-0.200) between absolute growth and number of circuli indicated that circulus spacing was positively correlated with somatic growth. The relationship between circulus spacing and absolute growth was linear (circulus spacing ( µm) = 0.528 times absolute growth (mm) - 9.57). Results indicate that somatic growth affects circulus spacing directly. Circulus spacing was useful for comparing mean growth from the above equation, while back-calculation was useful for estimating individual growth.

Fecundity and Egg Retention of Some Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Stocks in British Columbia

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1643-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Manzer ◽  
I. Miki
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Absolute Fecundity ◽  
Egg Retention ◽  
Inadequate Sample Size ◽  
Egg Number ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Individual Fecundity

The fecundity and egg retention of anadromous female sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) collected during 1971–82 from several stocks in British Columbia undergoing controlled fertilization to enhance adult sockeye production were examined. The relationship between egg number and postorbital–hypural length based on 863 females representing 14 stocks was not consistent between all age-types, stocks, and years, probably because of inadequate sample size in some instances. Combined samples, however, revealed a significant positive relationship between postorbital–hypural length and egg number for age 1.2, 1.3, and 2.2 females. Mean absolute fecundity for the respective age-types was 3218, 4125, and 3544 eggs. For samples of 10 or more females, significant stock and annual differences were detected when individual mean absolute fecundity was adjusted to a postorbital–hypural length of 447 mm, but not for females of different age. A comparison of mean fecundities for coastal stocks with historical data for interior British Columbia stocks suggests that coastal stocks are 18% more fecund than interior stocks. Possible causal mechanisms for this regional difference are hypothesized. Examination of 796 carcasses (representing five stocks) for egg retention revealed a range from totally spawned to totally unspawned females, with 56% of the carcasses containing 20 eggs or less and 68% containing 50 eggs or less. The mean egg retention based on all samples combined was estimated to be 6.5% of the mean individual fecundity. This value was reduced to 3.9% when stock means were averaged.

Comparison of Otolith-Based Back-Calculation Methods to Determine Individual Growth Histories of Larval Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1439-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Secor ◽  
John Mark Dean
Keyword(s):  
Striped Bass ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Morone Saxatilis ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Otolith Growth ◽  
Experimental Proof ◽  
Back Calculation

In rearing studies on 6- to 22-d-old larval striped bass, Morone saxatilis, we applied several back-calculation methods to known-growth larvae. A growth effect occurred on otolith diameter – standard length relationships, where slower growing larvae had relatively larger otoliths. Otolith growth was less affected by feeding regime than was somatic growth. Due to the conservative nature of otolith growth, proportional based (Biological Intercept Method) and simple linear regression methods linearized somatic growth transitions and did not estimate periods of negative growth. A quadratic regression method which used age as an additional predictor resulted in the accurate back-calculation of size at age in all groups of laboratory-reared larvae. However, when model coefficients were applied to a test population of pond-reared larvae, the quadratic model performed poorly. While differences in relative otolith size between pond- and laboratory-reared larvae could be ascribed to a temperature effect, the inability to apply the model also indicates a problem specific to regression-based methods. Theoretical rationale and experimental proof provided evidence for the inclusion of age in back-calculation models, but parameterization will have to occur for each field application.

Effects of Rhizopus extract administration on somatic growth and sexual maturation in lacustrine sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 776-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAMJI KUMAR BHANDARI ◽  
IKUO USHIKOSHI ◽  
HIDEO FUKUOKA ◽  
NOBUHISA KOIDE ◽  
KOHEI YAMAUCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Somatic Growth

How Reliable are Growth Back-Calculations Based on Otoliths?

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 2219-2227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Campana
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Fish Otolith ◽  
Stochastic Error ◽  
Individual Fish ◽  
Back Calculation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Slow Growing

Growth back-calculations from otoliths assume that the relationship between fish and otolith length is linear through time. The final (or observed) individual fish-otolith ratios are then combined to prepare a fish-otolith regression for the population, upon which the subsequent back-calculations are based. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the fish:otolith size ratio varies systematically with somatic growth rate, resulting in relatively large otoliths in slow-growing fish. Such a growth effect will result in a fitted fish-otolith regression which differs significantly from that of the mean of the individual fish-otolith slopes. Fraser–Lee growth back-calculations made from such a regression consistently underestimate previous lengths at age. The bias may explain the apparent ubiquity of Lee's phenomenon. Back-calculation bias was eliminated through use of an algorithm defining individual fish-otolith trajectories and a biologically determined, rather than a statistically estimated, intercept. Adaptations of the biological intercept back-calculations procedure accurately predicted previous lengths in the presence of both stochastic error and time-varying growth rates. When used to reevaluate some published back-calculations, the biological intercept procedure resulted in more accurate values than those previously estimated, and reduced or eliminated the presence of Lee's phenomenon.

Individual condition, standard metabolic rate, and rearing temperature influence steelhead and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) life histories

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Sloat ◽  
Gordon H. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Thermal Regimes ◽  
The Relationship

We reared juvenile Oncorhychus mykiss with low and high standard metabolic rates (SMR) under alternative thermal regimes to determine how these proximate factors influence life histories in a partially migratory salmonid fish. High SMR significantly decreased rates of freshwater maturation and increased rates of smoltification in females, but not males, after 1 year of rearing. Warmer water temperatures significantly decreased rates of freshwater maturation and increased rates of smoltification in both sexes. Variation in individual growth influenced the probability of adopting anadromy or freshwater residency as life histories, but produced paradoxical results. Individuals with the highest growth performance within their respective temperature treatments had a higher probability of freshwater maturation, but warmer temperatures decreased freshwater maturation despite significantly increasing somatic growth. Whole-body lipid content was significantly lower for fish reared in the warm temperature treatment, which may explain the decreased probability of freshwater maturation for individuals exposed to warmer temperatures. Our results indicate that changes in somatic growth induced by altered thermal regimes can influence the relationship between body size and the probability of maturation. Accordingly, somatic growth may not be a robust predictor of shifts in the prevalence of anadromy and residency in partially migratory salmonids when compared across thermal regimes.

Relationship Between Thickness of Daily Growth Increments in Sagittae and Change in Body Weight of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Fry

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1335-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Wilson ◽  
P. A. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Daily Increments ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Fish Weight ◽  
Daily Change ◽  
Back Calculation

Sixty-four laboratory-reared sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) fry were marked to enable identification as individuals. Each was weighed initially on June 6 or 8, 1979; and again on July 6; and surviving fish were weighed a third time on July 20. After the final weighing, sagittae were removed and a standard otolith radius, corresponding to each weight, was determined by counting back from the otolith edge the appropriate number of daily increments. The regression of ln otolith radius on ln fish weight was linear, with r2 = 0.92, demonstrating a relationship between mean thickness of a daily increment in sagittae, and mean daily change in weight of the fry. Using this regression line, previous weights were back calculated from corresponding otolith radii with errors in the order of 15%.Key words: otoliths, daily growth increments, back calculation, sockeye salmon

Optimum and maximum temperatures of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations hatched at different temperatures

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Chen ◽  
K. Anttila ◽  
J. Wu ◽  
C.K. Whitney ◽  
S.G. Hinch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
The Relationship

Temperature tolerance and heart rates were compared among nine sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)) populations, whose eggs were incubated at 10, 14, and 16 °C before rearing all hatchlings at a common temperature. Critical thermal maximum (CTmax) significantly differed among populations and temperature treatments. Populations with shorter migration distance and a lower migration and spawning temperature tended to have higher CTmax at 90 days posthatch. However, the relationship was reversed when fish of similar size were compared at 135–214 days posthatch. CTmax at 90 days posthatch was also positively related to body mass, which differed appreciably among populations at this development stage. With growth, the population differences in CTmax diminished from 3.1 to 1 °C. Elevated incubation temperature also decreased CTmax. Arrhenius breakpoint temperature (ABT) for maximum heart rate differed among populations incubated at 14 °C. The Chilko Lake population, which rear at 1.2 km above sea level, had the highest heart rate across all temperatures when incubated at 14 °C, but the lowest ABT among populations. This study provides clear evidence for the local adaptation among sockeye salmon populations with respect to temperature tolerance and cardiac capacity, information that adds to the debate on whether intraspecific variance is adaptive, or a constraint, or both.

Egg burial depth by sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka): implications for survival of embryos and natural selection on female body size

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 836-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P Steen ◽  
Thomas P Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Female Body Size ◽  
Substrate Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stream Bed

We studied the relationship between female sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) body size and egg burial depth in a small Alaskan stream to better understand the ways in which stream-bed scour or digging by other females might destroy embryos. Two different measurements of egg burial depth were taken: depth from the original stream-bed surface to the top of the egg pocket and depth from the disturbed substrate directly above the egg pocket to the top of the egg pocket. The former may represent the depth to which stream-bed scouring would have to go to reach the eggs, but the latter represents the depth to which a second female would have to dig to disturb the egg pocket. Larger females buried their eggs deeper, relative to the original substrate level, than smaller females. This suggests that streams with frequent scour events would select for larger females. However, mean depth from the disturbed substrate level was significantly shallower than mean depth from the original stream-bed level, suggesting that even the smallest females could dig deep enough to disturb the egg pockets of the largest females. Finally, the egg burial depth - fish size relationship that we observed was compared with published data on other salmonid species, revealing considerable variation but a clear positive relationship between female size and burial depth. Because embryonic survival is affected by scour and nest disturbance, and because changes in fish body size, density, and flow regime can affect the vulnerability of embryos to such mortality, we recommend further, standardized measurements of the relationship between egg burial depth and female body size.

Mate Selection in a Population of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) of Mixed Age-groups

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1955-1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur J. Hanson ◽  
Howard D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mate Selection ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Skeena River ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mixed Age

Anadromous Skeena River sockeye mature and spawn mainly at ages 42 and 52. Lesser numbers of 32, 53, and 63 and 64 fish, and non-anadromous kokanee, may spawn in the same stream. Mate selection by the different types was studied by observing salmon of known length and using the relationship found between length and age in dead, spawned fish.Fish of all lengths tended to mate with similar sized fish. Small males were less successful in holding mates than were large males because they could not successfully defend redds against larger intruders. Small males spent more time alone than large ones and frequently lay in groups behind mating pairs. The term "satellite male" is used in describing the behaviour. Small females mated with large males but spent more time alone than did large females.The genetic implications of mating within age-groups are considered.

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