AFLP markers and cytotaxonomic analysis reveal hybridisation in the genus Schoenus (Cyperaceae)

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Scotti ◽  
Anna Mariani ◽  
Valentino Verona ◽  
Alberto Candolini ◽  
Carlo A Cenci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
Northeastern Italy ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Schoenus Nigricans

Molecular, cytological, and morphological data support the existence of a hybrid population between Schoenus nigricans and Schoenus ferrugineus. This population was found in northeastern Italy, where S. nigricans is central with respect to its natural range and S. ferrugineus is marginal, being most common in the Alps and in central and northern Europe. Molecular marker data show that the putative hybrid population is genetically intermediate between nearby populations of the parent species. Cytological evidence confirmed the hybrid nature of this population, as does the almost complete sterility of plants within the population. Although no seeds were produced by the hybrid population, some possibly fertile pollen grains were produced; this suggests that the possibility of introgression between the two species through the hybrids cannot completely be excluded.Key words: Schoenus, AFLP markers, chromosome behaviour, introgression.

Pollen characterization of ornamental species of Mammillaria Haw. (Cactaceae/Cactoideae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise M. D. S. Mouga ◽  
Gabriel R. Schroeder ◽  
Nilton P. Vieira Junior ◽  
Enderlei Dec
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Radial Symmetry ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Ornamental Species

The pollen morphology of thirteen species of Cactaceae was studied: M. backebergiana F.G. Buchenau, M. decipiens Scheidw, M. elongata DC, M. gracilis Pfeiff., M. hahniana Werderm., M. marksiana Krainz, M. matudae Bravo, M. nejapensis R.T. Craig & E.Y. Dawson, M. nivosa Link ex Pfeiff., M. plumosa F.A.C. Weber, M. prolifera (Mill.) Haw, M. spinosissima var. “A Peak” Lem. and M. voburnensis Scheer. All analysed pollen grains are monads, with radial symmetry, medium size (M. gracilis, M. marksiana, M. prolifera, large), tricolpates (dimorphs in M. plumosa [3-6 colpus] and M. prolifera [3-6 colpus]), with circular-subcircular amb (quadrangular in M. prolifera and M. plumosa with six colpus). The pollen grains presented differences in relation to the shape and exine thickness. The exine was microechinate and microperforated. The pollen morphological data are unpublished and will aid in studies that use pollen samples. These pollen grains indicate ornamental cacti.

scholarly journals Relationship between pollen morphology and chromosome numbers in Brazilian species of Lippia L. (Verbenaceae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo M. Sousa ◽  
Patrícia M.O. Pierre ◽  
Giovana A. Torres ◽  
Lisete C. Davide ◽  
Lyderson F. Viccini
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Prolate Spheroidal ◽  
Oblate Spheroidal ◽  
Exine Ornamentation ◽  
Different Types

The pollen morphology and exine structure of 17 species of Lippia L. were investigated in this work using light and scanning electron microscopy. Among the species studied, 14 showed tricolporate pollen grains, two had tri- and tetracolporate pollen grains and a single species exhibited, only tetracolporate pollen. The amb ranged from triangular to square, and the shape varied from oblate-spheroidal to prolate-spheroidal. Three different types of exine ornamentation were observed: psilate, scabrate and perforate. In addition to morphological data, we found positive association between the chromosome numbers and size of pollen grains, and also between the length and width of the colpi. The results indicate that the characteristics of pollen grains in Lippia may be used as an additional taxonomic character of the genus.

Morphology, physiology and AFLP markers validate that green box is a hybrid of Eucalyptus largiflorens and E. gracilis (Myrtaceae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia R. Koerber ◽  
Peter A. Anderson ◽  
Jack V. Seekamp
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Index ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Murray River ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Mature Stands ◽  
Physiological Characters ◽  
Green Box

Prolonged drought and salinity on the Chowilla floodplain of the Murray River have caused deterioration of E. largiflorens F.Muell. A putative hybrid with E. gracilis F.Muell, green box, withstands the saline conditions. We aimed to substantiate that green box is a hybrid and to test for agreement between morphological and physiological characters with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP). Mature stands were measured for leaf, trunk, floral, cotyledon, carbon and nitrogen isotope discrimination, specific leaf area (SLA) and AFLP. Green box was placed between E. largiflorens and E. gracilis according to categorical principal components analysis (CATPCA) of 21 morphological and physiological characters and character states. The hybrid index of 11 AFLP markers that were 78% species specific separated E. gracilis and E. largiflorens, and the majority of green box plants displayed indices ranging from 0.42 to 0.53, reflecting mostly additive inheritance. Calculation of the hybrid index with all 232 AFLP markers, using maximum likelihood, similarly placed green box between E. gracilis and E. largiflorens. Our morphological, physiological and AFLP-marker observations substantiated that green box is a hybrid between E. largiflorens and E. gracilis.

Genetic diversity of eight millet genera assessed by using molecular and morphological markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Zdislava Dvořáková ◽  
Petra Hlásná Čepková ◽  
Iva Viehmannová ◽  
Lenka Havlíčková ◽  
Dagmar Janovská
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Shannon’S Index ◽  
High Level ◽  
Close Relatedness ◽  
Nei's Genetic Distance

In this study, the genetic diversity and relationships among eight millet genera were investigated by molecular and morphological data analyses. Sixty-nine millet accessions were analysed by using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, and evaluated for morphological traits. Eight AFLP primer pairs were amplified successfully and 779 bands were scored for all accessions, with a high level of polymorphism detected. Nei’s genetic distance among all accessions varied from 0.0123 to 0.4246 and the Shannon’s index was estimated at 0.9708. The neighbour joining tree, using the unweighted neighbour-joining method and Dice’s dissimilarity coefficient, was constructed. The AFLP markers revealed the close relatedness between the Eragrostis and Panicum genera, whereas the greatest distance was found the Pennisetum and Echinochloa genera. Cluster analysis based on the AFLP profiles revealed that the majority of accessions of a given millet genus tend to group together. Clustering from morphological data allocated individuals into three main clusters with high variation. The genetic variability found between the analysed accessions was weakly negatively correlated (r = –0.074) with their morphological attributes. However, high molecular and morphological variability indicated that this collection includes rich and valuable plant materials for millet breeding.

scholarly journals Mycosphaerella dearnessii, a Needle-cast Pathogen on Mountain Pine (Pinus mugo) in Italy

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 922-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. La Porta ◽  
P. Capretti
Keyword(s):  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Pinus Mugo ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Lake Garda ◽  
Northeastern Italy ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Lecanosticta Acicola ◽  
Needle Blight

The pathogen Mycosphaerella dearnessii Barr. (syn. Scirrhia acicola; anamorph Lecanosticta acicola), the causal agent of brown spot needle blight, was observed on Pinus mugo in the Botanical Garden in Gardone (Brescia), on the western side of Garda Lake in northeastern Italy. Symptoms were first noticed in the spring of 1997 by Klaus Lang (University of Freising, Germany). Two years later, all 12 of the P. mugo present in the Garden exhibited extensive necrosis, and defoliation of the crown starting from the bottom upward was more prevalent on the shaded portion of infected trees. The trees were about 50 years old and 2.0 to 2.5 m in height. Symptomatic needles were confined to the 2- and 3-year old internodes. Infected needles had several dark to purplish-brown spots surrounded by green tissue and usually had dead tips. Pycnidia and conidia of Lecanosticta acicola were observed. Conidia were 4-celled, curved, pointed at one end and blunt at the other, pale olive-brown and 20 to 30 × 3 to 4 μm. The fungus was isolated in pure culture. The pathogen causes serious losses in China, eastern United States, and central and South America, but was observed for the first time in Europe only 30 years ago. It is a major cause of needle blight on several European pine species, especially P. sylvestris, P. nigra, and P. mugo. In the last 7 years, there have been reports of the fungus in pine stands, first in France, Aquitaine, and the western Pyrenees on P. radiata (3), and more recently on P. mugo in the Alps in Austria (1), Switzerland (2), and southern Germany (4). This record of the fungus near Lake Garda poses a new serious threat especially for the pine plantations of P. nigra and P. sylvestris in the more humid locations in the Alps, Apennines, and elsewhere in the mountains of southern Europe where the climatic conditions are similar to that of central Europe. This is the first report of M. dearnessii on the southern slopes of the Alps and in Italy. References: (1) M. Brandstetter and T. Cech. Oesterreichische Forstzeitung 110:35, 1999. (2) O. Holdenrieder and T. N. Sieber. Eur. J. For. Pathol. 25:293, 1995. (3) A. Levy and C. Lafaurie. Phytoma 463:33, 1994. (4) L. Pehl L. Nachrichtenbl. Dtsch. Pflanzenschutzdienstes 47:305, 1995.

scholarly journals Statistical associations between morphology, physiology and AFLP DNA markers enable selection of a putative eucalypt hybrid able to tolerate salt affected floodplains

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 236-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Koerber ◽  
T. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Morphological And Physiological Traits ◽  
Component Loadings ◽  
Revegetation Strategies ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Green Box

Abstract A naturally occurring putative hybrid between Eucalyptus largiflorens F. Muell and Eucalyptus gracilis F. Muell called Green Box tolerates saline conditions of the River Murray floodplains better than E. largiflorens. Revegetation strategies utilizing seedlings of Green Box have had limited success because only a few are Green Box and the majority are throw backs to E. gracilis and E. largiflorens. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify traits characteristic of Green Box and AFLP markers associated with the traits enabling selection at the seedling stage. This was done by non-linear canonical correlation analysis (OVERALS) to test for statistically significant associations between morphological and physiological traits with 232 AFLP markers from 9 primer combinations. OVERALS with all markers produced 1st and 2nd dimensions accounting for 80 and 74% of variation respectively. Green Box plants were placed intermediate between E. gracillis and E. largiflorens according to leaf colour, gloss and nitrogen with component loadings (lc) of 0.340, 0.615 and 0.294 respectively. A second approach of simple linear regression of morphological and physiological traits against all 232 AFLP markers singled out 17 with significance P<0.05. Thirteen of these were also identified by OVERALS. Four occurred with high frequency in Green Box and E. largiflorens distinguishing them from E. gracilis. In order to separate Green Box and E. largiflorens, the segregation of a further three markers can be used to align Green Box with E. gracilis. Therefore, the segregation of 7 markers can be utilized to select Green Box.

scholarly journals Morphological analysis of pollen grains from heterodynamous stamens of some Aeschynomene L. (Le guminosae - Papilionoideae - Dalbergieae)

Hoehnea ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-676
Author(s):  
Higor Antonio-Domingues ◽  
Angela Maria da Silva Corrêa ◽  
Monica Lanzoni Rossi ◽  
Adriana Pinheiro Martinelli ◽  
Cynthia Fernandes Pinto da Luz
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Size Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Pollen Dimorphism ◽  
Standard Methodology ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Group Species

ABSTRACT Flowers with heterodynamous stamens can present differences in the pollen grains of each stamen size group. Species of Aeschynomene L. present didynamous stamens (five long and five short) but little is known about their pollen dimorphism. The objective of this study was to increase the knowledge about the pollen characteristics in Aeschynomene and emphasize the possible morphological differences between the pollen grains of long and short stamens in order to contribute to ecological and taxonomic studies. Pollen grains from the two groups of stamens size of ten species were analyzed separately, according to the standard methodology for studies of pollen morphology. In addition, analyses of variance, comparison of means and base index were performed. The results showed that the amb, shape, endoaperture type and sexine ornamentation did not vary in the pollen grains of the long and short stamens in the same specimen, but they varied among the species. However, in relation to the size of the pollen grains of the two groups of stamens, four species presented significant differences regarding the size of the polar and equatorial axes. The pollen morphological data obtained considering the heteromorphism of the stamens can contribute to the knowledge of the repro ductive dynamics of the genus, and to the systematic studies.

Trigenomic hybrids from interspecific crosses between Brassica napus and B. nigra

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneeta Pradhan ◽  
Julie A. Plummer ◽  
Matthew N. Nelson ◽  
Wallace A. Cowling ◽  
Guijun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Chromosome Count ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Interspecific Hybridisation ◽  
Hybrid Seeds

Interspecific hybridisation was carried out between five cultivars of Brassica napus and five accessions of B. nigra in all possible cross combinations including reciprocals. Crossing success was higher when B. napus genotypes were used as female parents. Pollination of 799 B. napus flowers with B. nigra pollen resulted in 433 pods set and 2063 putative hybrid seeds. In the reciprocal direction, pollination of 877 B. nigra flowers with B. napus pollen resulted in 281 pods set and 113 putative hybrid seeds. Pod and seed set varied with genotype and only 19 out of 25 combinations of B. napus × B. nigra and 14 out of 25 combinations of B. nigra × B. napus yielded seeds. Hybridity of 2176 putative hybrid seeds (2063 from B. napus × B. nigra and 113 from B. nigra × B. napus) was tested. Microsatellite markers with known locations for the A, B and C genomes indicated that six plants were true hybrids and one more plant remained unconfirmed for hybrid status. All other plants from putative hybrid seeds had the same DNA banding patterns and similar morphological characters as the female parent. However, the true hybrids had DNA bands from both parents and an intermediate morphology for colour and hairiness of leaf, stem and petiole. Anthers were shrunken and thin with a very limited number of sterile pollen grains. Cytological examination confirmed the triploid status of the hybrid with 27 chromosomes. The unconfirmed hybrid had 9% pollen viability and chromosome count was 27 as with the true hybrid; however, there was no clear B-genome marker from B. nigra.

The hybrid nature of Lycium ciliatum × cestroides (Solanaceae): experimental, anatomical, and cytological evidence

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 1995-2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Bernardello ◽  
Ivana Rodriguez ◽  
Laura Stiefkens ◽  
Leonardo Galetto
Keyword(s):  
Parental Species ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Hybrid Breakdown ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Hybrid Nature

The hybrid nature of Lycium ciliatum × cestroides Hieron. is supported through experimental crosses. Using L. ciliatum Schlecht. as a female parent, 57% of crosses set fruit with hybrid seeds, whereas reciprocal crosses were unsuccessful. Seeds had a high germination rate (76%). F1 plants obtained agree with the herbarium specimens previously cited as putative hybrid and with a living plant we found in Córdoba (Argentina). Leaf, stem, and flower anatomy, karyotype composition, and chemical nectar composition were analyzed in the artificial and the natural hybrid. Results were compared with similar data on the parental species. Most of the studied features were intermediate between those of the parental species, as supported by principal component analysis. The origin of this hybrid may be due to pollen transfer mediated by bumblebees that occasionally visit both parental species. The distribution of the parental species overlaps in a wide Chaco region showing no spatial, environmental, or external reproductive isolating mechanisms. Results indicate there is a hybrid breakdown in the progeny of the hybrid that would restrict the natural interspecific gene flow. Key words: Lycium ciliatum × cestroides, hybrid, karyotype, anatomy, crosses, flower visitors.

UCE Phylogenomics, detection of a putative hybrid population, and one older mitogenomic node age of Batrachuperus salamanders

2021 ◽  
pp. 107239
Author(s):  
Pizhu Zhang ◽  
Xiaomao Zeng ◽  
Jinzhong Fu ◽  
Yuchi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Putative Hybrid
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document