Induction of wheat defense and stress-related genes in response to Fusarium graminearum

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingrang Kong ◽  
Joseph M Anderson ◽  
Herbert W Ohm
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Cdna Library ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Cdna Clone ◽  
Subtractive Hybridization ◽  
Suppressive Subtractive Hybridization ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Resistance Response

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by species of the fungus Fusarium, is a worldwide disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The Chinese T. aestivum 'Ning7840' is one of few wheat cultivars with resistance to FHB. To identify differentially expressed genes corresponding to FHB resistance, a cDNA library was constructed using pooled mRNA isolated from glumes of 'Ning7840' harvested at 2, 6, 12, 24, 36, 72, and 96 h after inoculation (hai) with a conidia spore suspension of Fusarium graminearum. Suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA subtraction was carried out using pooled glume mRNAs from the tester and the control. The cDNA library was differentially screened using the forward subtracted cDNAs and the reverse subtracted cDNAs as probes. Twenty-four clones with significant matches to either plant (16 sequences) or fungal (8 sequences) genes were isolated based on their specific hybridization with forward subtracted cDNA and not reverse subtracted cDNA. Six putative defense-related genes were confirmed by real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. Many-fold higher induction of three clones (A3F8, B10H1, and B11H3) in the resistant genotypes compared with susceptible genotypes indicates a putative role in the resistance response to Fusarium graminearum. Transcript accumulations of P450, chitinase (Chi1), and one unknown gene (clone B8Q9) in both resistant and susceptible genotypes suggest an involvement in a generalized resistance response to F. graminearum. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that cDNA clone A4C6 encodes a cytochrome P450 gene (CYP709C3v2), including 14 N-terminal amino acids that have a membrane-associated helical motif. Other domains characteristic of eukaryotic P450 are also present in CYP709C3v2. The deduced polypeptide of cDNA clone B2H2 encodes an acidic isoform of class I chitinase containing a 960-bp coding region. Southern hybridization using aneuploid lines of T. aestivum 'Chinese Spring' indicated that CYP709C3v2 was located on the short arm of chromosomes 2B and 2D.Key words: Fusarium head blight (FHB), suppressive subtractive hybridization, defense response, real-time quantitative RT-PCR.

scholarly journals Quantification of Fusarium graminearum in Harvested Grain by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction to Assess Efficacies of Fungicides on Fusarium Head Blight, Deoxynivalenol Contamination, and Yield of Winter Wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. J. Zhang ◽  
P. S. Fan ◽  
X. Zhang ◽  
C. J. Chen ◽  
M. G. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

We used a real time polymerase chain reaction-based assay and visual disease assessment to evaluate the efficacies of Js399-19, tebuconazole, a mixture of tebuconazole and thiram, azoxystrobin, carbendazim, and thiram on the development of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination and on the yield of winter wheat (cv. Nannong no. 9918) after artificial inoculation under field conditions with Fusarium graminearum. The incidence of infected spikelets (IIS), amount of F. graminearum DNA (Tri5 DNA), total DON (containing DON, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol) concentration, and 1,000-grain weight (TGW) were quantified in 2006 and 2007. A strong positive correlation was found between IIS or Log10Tri5 DNA and total DON concentration in the harvested grain. The Js399-19, tebuconazole, and the mixture of tebuconazole and thiram significantly reduced IIS of FHB, amount of Tri5 DNA, and total DON within the grain and increased TGW. Although azoxystrobin, carbendazim, and thiram can increase TGW, they had no effect on the occurrence of F. graminearum compared with those of the untreated controls. Surprisingly, azoxystrobin and carbendazim significantly increased the total DON content in the harvested grain because they might have stimulated the amount of total DON production per Tri5 DNA. The fungicides Js399-19, tebuconazole, and the mixture of tebuconazole and thiram were the most effective in controlling FHB and reducing DON contamination of the wheat.

QTL-specific microarray gene expression analysis of wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight in Sumai-3 and two susceptible NILs

Genome ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saber Golkari ◽  
Jeannie Gilbert ◽  
Tomohiro Ban ◽  
J. Douglas Procunier
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Subtractive Hybridization ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Suppressive Subtractive Hybridization ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Microarray Gene Expression ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Sumai 3

Fusarium head blight, predominantly caused by Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe) in North America, is a destructive disease that poses a serious threat to wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) production around the world. cDNA microarrays consisting of wheat ESTs derived from a wheat – F. graminearum interaction suppressive subtractive hybridization library were used to investigate QTL-specific differential gene expression between the resistant Chinese cultivar Sumai-3 and two susceptible near isogenic lines (NILs) following inoculation with F. graminearum. Stringent conditions were employed to reduce the false discovery rate. A total of 25 wheat unigenes were found to express differentially in response to F. graminearum infection. Genes encoding pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins such as β-1,3-glucanase (PR-2), wheatwins (PR-4), and thaumatin-like proteins (PR-5) showed a significant upregulation in genotypes having the Sumai-3 3BS region. For these three genes, the gene activity was significantly less in the genotype (NIL-3) lacking the Sumai-3 3BS segment. Significant upregulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was detected only in the resistant Sumai-3, indicating the importance of both the 2AL and 3BS regions in the activation of effective defense responses to infection by F. graminearum. Differences in gene expression between the resistant Sumai-3 and the susceptible NILs were found to be mainly quantitative in nature.

Mapping of genes expressed in Fusarium graminearum-infected heads of wheat cultivar 'Frontana'

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
F P Han ◽  
G Fedak ◽  
T Ouellet ◽  
H Dan ◽  
D J Somers
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Suppressive Subtractive Hybridization ◽  
Local Alignment ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein

The isolation, physical, and genetic mapping of a group of wheat genes expressed in infected heads of Triticum aestivum 'Frontana' resistant to Fusarium head blight is reported. A cDNA library was built from heads of 'Frontana' through suppressive subtractive hybridization, to enrich for sequences induced by the pathogen Fusarium graminearum during infection. A group of 1794 clones was screened by dot blot hybridization for differential gene expression following infection. Twenty of these clones showed a strong difference in intensity of hybridization between infected and mock-inoculated wheat head samples, suggesting that they corresponded to genes induced during infection. The 20 clones were sequenced and used for mapping analysis. We determined a precise chromosomal location for 14 selected clones by using series of chromosome deletion stocks. It was shown that the 14 clones detected 90 fragments with the use of the restriction enzyme EcoRI; 52 bands were assigned to chromosome bins, whereas 38 fragments could not be assigned. The selected clones were also screened for polymorphisms on a 'Wuhan' × 'Maringa' wheat doubled haploid mapping population. One clone, Ta01_02b03, was related to a quantitative trait locus for type II resistance located on chromosome 2AL, as determined with simple sequence repeat markers on another mapping population, but did not map in the same location on our population. Another clone, Ta01_06f04, was identified by BLAST (basic local alignment search tool) search in public databases to code for a novel β-1,3-glucanase, homologous to a major pathogenesis-related protein. This clone mapped to chromosomal regions on chromosome 3, including 3BL and 3DL, where B glucanase gene clusters are known to exist. Seven other clones, including 1 coding for an ethylene-response element binding protein and 3 for ribosomal proteins, and 4 clones corresponding to proteins with unknown function, were also mapped.Key words: deletion stock, Fusarium head blight, physical mapping, expressed sequence tags, glucanase.

scholarly journals Screening of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) Italian Cultivars for Susceptibility to Fusarium Head Blight Incited by Fusarium graminearum

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Gaetano Bentivenga ◽  
Alfio Spina ◽  
Karim Ammar ◽  
Maria Allegra ◽  
Santa Olga Cacciola
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Italian Origin

In 2009, a set of 35 cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) of Italian origin was screened for fusarium head blight (FHB) susceptibility at CIMMYT (Mexico) and in the 2019–20 cropping season, 16 of these cultivars, which had been included in the Italian National Plant Variety Register, were tested again in southern and northern Italy. Wheat cultivars were artificially inoculated during anthesis with a conidial suspension of Fusarium graminearum sensu lato using a standard spray inoculation method. Inoculum was a mixture of mono-conidial isolates sourced in the same areas where the trials were performed. Isolates had been characterized on the basis of morphological characteristics and by DNA PCR amplification using a specific primer set and then selected for their virulence and ability to produce mycotoxins. The susceptibility to FHB was rated on the basis of the disease severity, disease incidence and FHB index. Almost all of the tested cultivars were susceptible or very susceptible to FHB with the only exception of “Duprì”, “Tiziana” and “Dylan” which proved to be moderately susceptible. The susceptibility to FHB was inversely correlated with the plant height and flowering biology, the tall and the late heading cultivars being less susceptible.

Near-infrared versus visual sorting of Fusarium-damaged kernels in winter wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1087-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen N Wegulo ◽  
Floyd E Dowell
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Key Words Wheat

Fusarium head blight (scab) of wheat, caused by Fusarium graminearum, often results in shriveled and/or discolored kernels, which are referred to as Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK). FDK is a major grain grading factor and therefore is routinely determined for purposes of quality assurance. Measurement of FDK is usually done visually. Visual sorting can be laborious and is subject to inconsistencies resulting from variability in intra-rater repeatability and/or inter-rater reliability. The ability of a single-kernel near-infrared (SKNIR) system to detect FDK was evaluated by comparing FDK sorted by the system to FDK sorted visually. Visual sorting was strongly correlated with sorting by the SKNIR system (0.89 ≤ r ≤ 0.91); however, the SKNIR system had a wider range of FDK detection and was more consistent. Compared with the SKNIR system, visual raters overestimated FDK in samples with a low percentage of Fusarium-damaged grain and underestimated FDK in samples with a high percentage of Fusarium-damaged grain. Key words: Wheat, Fusarium head blight, Fusarium-damaged kernels, single-kernel near-infrared

scholarly journals Survival of Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight. A review

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Leplat ◽  
Hanna Friberg ◽  
Muhammad Abid ◽  
Christian Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Head Blight

Impact of the biofungicide tetramycin on the development of Fusarium head blight, grain yield and deoxynivalenol accumulation in wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-246
Author(s):  
W.Q. Shi ◽  
L.B. Xiang ◽  
D.Z. Yu ◽  
S.J. Gong ◽  
L.J. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Key Aspects

Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease that leads to extensive yield and quality loss in wheat and barley production. Integrated pest management (IPM) is required to control this disease and biofungicides, such as tetramycin, could be a novel addition to IPM strategies. The current study investigated in vitro tetramycin toxicity in Fusarium graminearum and evaluated its effectiveness for the control of Fusarium head blight FHB. Tetramycin was shown to affect three key aspects of Fusarium pathogenicity: spore germination, mycelium growth and deoxynivalenol (DON) production. The in vitro results indicated that tetramycin had strong inhibitory activity on the mycelial growth and spore germination. Field trials indicated that tetramycin treatment resulted in a significant reduction in both the FHB disease index and the level of DON accumulation. The reduced DON content in harvested grain was correlated with the amount of Tri5 mRNA determined by qRT-PCR. Synergistic effects between tetramycin and metconazole, in both the in vitro and field experiments were found. Tetramycin could provide an alternative option to control FHB.

scholarly journals Fusarium graminearum Possesses Virulence Factors Common to Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat and Seedling Rot of Soybean but Differing in Their Impact on Disease Severity

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1201-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Sella ◽  
Katia Gazzetti ◽  
Carla Castiglioni ◽  
Wilhelm Schäfer ◽  
Francesco Favaron
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Map Kinases ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Seedling Rot

Fusarium graminearum is a toxigenic fungal pathogen that causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) and crown rot on cereal crops worldwide. This fungus also causes damping-off and crown and root rots at the early stage of crop development in soybean cultivated in North and South America. Several F. graminearum genes were investigated for their contribution to FHB in cereals but no inherent study is reported for the dicotyledonous soybean host. In this study we determined the disease severity on soybean seedlings of five single gene disrupted mutants of F. graminearum, previously characterized in wheat spike infection. Three of these mutants are impaired on a specific function as the production of deoxynivalenol (DON, Δtri5), lipase (ΔFgl1), and xylanase (Δxyl03624), while the remaining two are MAP kinase mutants (ΔFgOS-2, Δgpmk1), which are altered in signaling pathways. The mutants that were reduced in virulence (Δtri5, ΔFgl1, and ΔFgOS-2) or are avirulent (Δgpmk1) on wheat were correspondently less virulent or avirulent in soybean seedlings, as shown by the extension of lesions and seedling lengths. The Δxyl03624 mutant was as virulent as the wild type mirroring the behavior observed in wheat. However, a different ranking of symptom severity occurred in the two hosts: the ΔFgOS-2 mutant, that infects wheat spikelets similarly to Δtri5 and ΔFgl1 mutants, provided much reduced symptoms in soybean. Differently from the other mutants, we observed that the ΔFgOS-2 mutant was several fold more sensitive to the glyceollin phytoalexin suggesting that its reduced virulence may be due to its hypersensitivity to this phytoalexin. In conclusion, lipase and DON seem important for full disease symptom development in soybean seedlings, OS-2 and Gpmk1 MAP kinases are essential for virulence, and OS-2 is involved in conferring resistance to the soybean phytoalexin.

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