INHERITANCE OF EARLINESS AND PLANT HEIGHT IN A SIX-PARENT DIALLEL CROSS OF CORCHORUS OLITORIUS

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-191
Author(s):  
O. I. Joarder ◽  
A. M. Eunus ◽  
M. A. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Transgressive Segregation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Small Excess ◽  
Dominant Genes

Inheritance of earliness and plant height was studied in a six-parent diallel cross of jute, Corchorus olitorius L. The variety O-6E exhibited an excess of dominant genes, whereas the varieties R-26 and Chinese olitorius showed an excess of recessive genes for the character of earliness. On the other hand the variety Desimasua exhibited an excess of recessive genes and the varieties wild jute and O-5 showed a small excess of dominant genes for the character of plant height. On an overall basis, earliness and plant height were found to be controlled by both dominant and recessive genes, the contribution of the former being greater in earliness, and that of the latter being greater in plant height. Eleven dominant factors were detected to condition plant height, whereas only one dominant factor was involved in controlling earliness. Transgressive segregation for earliness was indicated in arrays with R-26 and Chinese olitorius as recurrent parents. Heritability was calculated to be 61% and 29% respectively for earliness and plant height.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis for panicle characters in diallel cross of rice

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-638
Author(s):  
KM Iftekharuddaula ◽  
MA Newaz ◽  
MA Salam ◽  
Khaleda Akter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Primary Branch ◽  
Secondary Branch ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Dominant Genes

An experiment was carried out to study the genetic components for eight panicle characters in rice using an 8-parent half diallel cross excluding reciprocals during Transplant Aman season, 2003. The parental genotypes used in the study were BRRI dhan29, BR4828-54-4-l-4-9, BRR1 dhan28, 1R8, Amol3, 1R65610-38-2-4-2-6-3, Minikit and ZhongYu7, which were chosen for their diversity in panicle characters. Hayman's analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated importance of both additive and non-additive genetic components for all the panicle characters except dominance component for filled grains/secondary branches. The ANOVA showed unidirectional dominance for the characters viz, primary branch length, secondary branch length, primary branches/panicle, secondary branches/panicle and filled grains/primary branch, asymmetrical gene distribution for all the panicle traits except filled grains/secondary branch and residual dominance effects for all the panicle characters studied. Two out of eight panicle characters viz., primary branches/panicle and unfilled grains/ secondary branch followed the simple additive-dominance genetic model. The rest of the panicle characters showed nonallelic gene interaction or epistasis. According to Vr-Wr graph, partial dominance was involved in the action of genes governing the inheritance of primary branches/panicle, while complete dominance was involved in the inheritance of unfilled grains/secondary branch. Most of the dominant genes for primary branches/panicle belonged to other hand, 1R8 possessed most of the dominant genes, while 1R65610-38-2-4-2-6-3 possessed most of the recessive genes for unfilled grains/secondary branch. The estimates of components of variance demonstrated involvement of both additive and dominant components in the inheritance of primary branches/panicle and unfilled grains/secondary branch. The distribution of dominant and recessive genes was unequal in the parents for these two characters also. There was drastic influence of environment on these two panicle characters following simple additive-dominance genetic model. Heritability in narrow sense (h2 ns) was very high for primary branches/panicle and unfilled grains/secondary branch. Key Words: Genetic analysis, diallel cross, panicle characters, rice. doi: 10.3329/bjar.v33i4.2307 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 33(4) : 631-638, December 2008

scholarly journals Human perception of shape from touch

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1581) ◽  
pp. 3106-3114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid M. L. Kappers
Keyword(s):  
Human Perception ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Stimulus Information ◽  
After Effects ◽  
First Order ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
After Effect ◽  
The Difference

In this paper, I focus on the role of active touch in three aspects of shape perception and discrimination studies. First an overview is given of curvature discrimination experiments. The most prominent result is that first-order stimulus information (that is, the difference in attitude or slope over the stimulus) is the dominant factor determining the curvature threshold. Secondly, I compare touch under bimanual and two-finger performance with unimanual and one-finger performance. Consistently, bimanual or two-finger performance turned out to be worse. The most likely explanation for the former finding is that a loss of accuracy during intermanual comparisons is owing to interhemispheric relay. Thirdly, I address the presence of strong after-effects after just briefly touching a shape. These after-effects have been measured and studied in various conditions (such as, static, dynamic, transfer to other hand or finger). Combination of the results of these studies leads to the insight that there are possibly different classes of after-effect: a strong after-effect, caused by immediate contact with the stimulus, that does only partially transfer to the other hand, and one much less strong after-effect, caused by moving over the stimulus for a certain period, which shows a full transfer to other fingers.

Linkage analysis of open bud (ob2) and yellow petal (Y1) in cotton

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Endrizzi ◽  
D. T. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Recombination Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Chromosome 18 ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Yellow Petal ◽  
Dominant Genes ◽  
Recombination Percentage

In allotetraploid Gossypium species yellow petal is controlled by duplicate dominant genes Y1 (Ah genome) and Y2 (Dh genome), and open bud is controlled by duplicate recessive genes designated ob1 (Dh genome) and ob2 (Ah genome). Y2 and ob1 have been shown previously to be linked on chromosome 18 and 11.5 map units (MU) apart. In this study ob2 and Y1 were transferred from Gossypium darwinii (Watt) accession CB3099 into Gossypium hirsutum L. and found to have a mean recombination percentage of 3.14 for backcross and 3.40 for self-pollinated families from 2n parental heterozygotes and 10.73 in families from mono-18 parental heterozygotes. The lower recombination frequency in the homoeologous linkage group was perhaps due to this chromosome segment being transferred from G. darwinii. The higher frequency of recombination in the monosomic progeny families suggests that the absence of recombination in one homoeologue (chromosome 18) is compensated for by an increase in recombination in the other homoeologue.Key words: cotton, G. hirsutum L., homoeologous linkage groups, genetic markers.

scholarly journals Evaluación de la mezcla de ametrina + clomazone en caña de azúcar.

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentín A. Esqueda ◽  
Liviana Altamirano ◽  
Yanett Hernández ◽  
Alicia López
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Stalk Yield ◽  
Bleached Area

An experiment was established at Rancho Casablanca, located in the Municipality of Puente Nacional, in the State of Veracruz, Mexico, in order to evaluate the toxicity caused by the mixture of the herbicides ametryn + clomazone to the sugarcane varieties MEX-79-431, MEX- 69-290, MEX-68-P23 and CP-72-2086. Four weed control treatments were evaluated: 1. Ametryn + clomazone (1200 + 800 g/ha), 2. Ametryn + clomazone (1800 + 1200 g/ha), 3. Ametryn + 2,4-D (1225 + 650 g/ha) and 4. Weeded control. Herbicides were applied when sugarcane plants had from two to four leaves. The mixture of ametryn + clomazone caused leaf bleaching in all the sugarcane varieties. The bleached area varied from 36.3 to 47.5% with the highest dose of the mixture, and from 25 to 39.4%, with the lowest dose, and it practically disappeared about 45 days after application. On the other hand, the mixture of ametryn + 2,4-D did not cause any bleaching. Toxicity caused by the mixture of ametryn + clomazone did not affect the number of plant leaves, the number of stalks in 2 linear m, nor the plant height. Stalk yield and sucrose content were not affected either.

scholarly journals Inheritance of length and weight of mature larvae in six-parent diallel crosses of Mulberry Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
HA Rashid ◽  
MK Ahsan ◽  
MA Hasan ◽  
I Mahfus
Keyword(s):  
Gene Action ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Mulberry Silkworm ◽  
Dominant Genes

Context: To gain a better understanding of the nature of gene action involved in the inheritance of quantitative characters can be obtained through the use of diallel cross analytical approach for the choice of desirable parents and the formulation of an effective breeding programme. Objectives: The aim was to study the nature and magnitude of gene action of inheritance for quantitative traits, length and weight of mature larvae in B. mori through six-parent diallel cross analysis in four rearing seasons Materials and Methods: Six inbred varieties of B. mori were used as parents for a diallel cross. The experiment was conducted in four rearing seasons. Mature larval length (cm) and weight (gm) were collected for statistical analysis. The data were analyzed following the biometrical techniques proposed by Jinks and Hayman (1953), Hayman (1954), Dickinson and Jinks (1956) and Jhonson and Aksel (1964). Results: In the Hayman’s analysis of variance for length and weight of mature larvae the items ‘a’ and ‘b’ were found to be significant against all the three tests of significance. The item ‘b2’ was significant for the seasons S-2 and S-3 and the ‘b3’ item was significant for all the seasons. The Items ‘c’ and ‘d’ were insignificant in all the seasons. The regressions of Wr on Vr for majority of the seasons were significant but did not deviate significantly from unit slope. The varieties Nistari, Nistari oval (G) and NanNung7B of S-1, S-2 and S-4, and Nistari of S-3 for length of larvae and Nistari and Nistari oval (G) of S-1, S-2 and S-3 and Nistari, Nistari oval (G) and Nan Nung 7B of S-4 for larval weight possessed an excess of recessive genes of negative effect. But Nistari oval (G) in S-3 for LL possessed excess of recessive genes with positive effects. On the other hand BSRI-95, BSRI-98 and BV (high) in S-1, S-2 and S-4, and Nan Nung 7B, BSRI-98 and BV(high) in S-3 for LL and BSRI-95, BSRI-98 and BV(high) in S-1, S-2 and S-3, and BSRI-95 and BV(high) in S-4 for LW possessed an excess of dominant genes, which was positive in nature. In S-3 only BSRI-95 for LL and NanNung7B in S-1, S-2 and S-3 and BSRI-98 in S-4 for LW possessed an excess of dominant genes of negative nature. At least one group of dominant genes was involved in controlling these characters. The broad sense heritability was high in all seasons for both the characters whereas the narrow sense heritability was moderate for majority of the seasons except S-3 and S-4 for LW. Conclusion: High heritability, dominant and recessive gene effects suggest that these parents could be used to develop better lines in respect of larval characters investigated in this study and selection programmes will be effective in early generations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v21i0.22522 J. bio-sci. 21: 77-87, 2013

scholarly journals Effect of spacing on the performance of newly developed Aus rice Var. Binadhan-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-378
Author(s):  
Md Robiul Islam Akondo ◽  
Md Belal Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Other Hand

An experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of BINA Sub-station, Gopalganj to determine the effect of spacing on the yield and yield attributing parameters of rice. Four spacings viz. 15 cm × 15 cm, 20 cm × 15 cm, 20 cm × 20 cm and 25 cm × 20 cm were included in the study. The experimental design was a randomized completely block with three replications. Spacing’s 15 cm × 15 cm, 20 cm × 15 cm, 20 cm × 20 cm and 25 cm × 20 cm were adopted 49, 42, 36 and 30 hills per square meter, respectively. Results revealed that different spacing performed significantly differed yield contributing characters (plant height, panicle length, number of effective and non-effective tillers, number of filled and unfilled grain, grain and straw yield of rice. Results indicated that the highest plant height (83.40 cm), panicle length (19.73), number of effective tillers per hill (11.00), number of total grains per panicle (87.73), number of filled grains per panicle (70.53), root length (16.07 cm), root weight (38.00 g per five plants), harvest index (38%), grain yield (4.19 t ha-1) and straw yield (4.50 t ha-1) were found with 25 cm × 20 cm spacing. On the other hand, maximum number of non-effective tillers per hill (1.60) was found in 15 cm × 15 cm spacing. Results of the present study revealed that 25 cm × 20 cm spacing was found to be the best for obtaining maximum grain yield of aus var. Binadhan-19. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(3): 373-378, December 2019

scholarly journals Are plant growth retardants a strategy to decrease lodging and increase yield of sunflower?

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Eugenia Amaral Carvalho ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Camargo e Castro ◽  
Marcos Vinicius de Castro Ferraz Junior ◽  
Ana Carolina Cabrera Machado Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative Strategy ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Plant Growth Retardants ◽  
Potential Strategy

One of the major disadvantages of sunflower cultivation is the increased plant height, making it prone to the lodging. The use of plant growth retardants can be an alternative strategy to reduce plant height; however, these compounds may affect productivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of plant growth retardants on sunflower development and yield. Four treatments were studied: 1- control; 2- gibberellic acid (GA) 10 mg L−1; 3- trinexapac-ethyl (TE) 5 mL L−1, and 4- maleic hidrazide (MH) 8 mL L−1. TE and MH decreased plant height (16.9 and 35.9%, respectively); however, only TE positively influenced capitulim diameter and dry mass (46.7 and 311%, when compared to control) at 60 days after planting (DAP). At 81 DAP, dry mass of capitulum did not differ among control and TE-treated plants. On the other hand, MH impaired diameter and dry mass of capitulum (92.9 and 74.7%, respectively). It can be concluded that the application of TE is a potential strategy to decrease lodging probability without affecting sunflower yield. Furthermore, although MH negatively affected sunflower development, its use on the crop cannot be excluded since other doses, frequencies and moment of application can be studied.

scholarly journals Inheritance mechanism of yield and yield components in tomato

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-344
Author(s):  
MA Goffar ◽  
A Ahmed ◽  
GMA Halim
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Dominant Genes ◽  
Number Of Seeds

A set of 9x9 half diallel cross comprising of promising genotypes was studied to analyze the inheritance pattern of yield components in tomato. Hayman’s analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated importance of both additive and nonadditive genetic components for all the thirteen yield contributing characters. The ANOVA showed unidirectional dominance, asymmetrical gene distribution and residual dominance effects for all the characters studied. Five out of the thirteen characters viz., number of flowers/cluster, individual fruit weight, fruit breadth, number of locules and number of seeds/fruit followed the simple additive-dominance genetic model. The rest of the characters showed non-allelic gene interaction or epistasis. P6 had most of the dominant genes for both number of flowers/cluster and number of locules, while P3 contained most dominant genes for individual fruit weight and P5 possessed that for both fruit breadth and number of seeds/fruit. The estimates of components of variance demonstrated involvement of both additive and dominant components in the inheritance of all those five characters. The distribution of dominant and recessive genes was equal in the parents for only fruit breadth. There was drastic influence of environment on these characters following simple additive-dominance genetic model except fruit breadth.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(2): 335-344, June 2016

Gentlemen, Choose Your Weapons—The Race Conditions for the America’s Cup

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Karl L. Kirkman
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
America’S Cup ◽  
Race Conditions

It is probable that no competitor has entered the America's Cup competition without holding some expectation of winning, and a dominant factor in doing so is the equipment used. Yacht racing is an equipment sport, and except for a small minority of so-called one-designs, no serious observer considers the equipment to be equal for the various competitors. Because of the great variety of conditions under which races are conducted, and the statistically small samples used to select an America's Cup winner, the variation in equipment takes on supreme importance. Indeed, the competition has sometimes been won2 before the preparatory gun for the first race; thoughtful equipment choices made the racing itself a sail-over. On the other hand, public opinion seems to eschew a mismatch. A paradox seems to exist in that part of the competition is understood and agreed to involve the "contest before the contest"—placing oneself at advantage by means of clever equipment choices—while at the same time observers claim to want a fair race series, which directly contradicts the acceptance of equipment advantage. In short, the public wants a victory but not a rout. In light of recent controversy regarding equipment rules in the 1983, 1987 and recently in the 1988 series, the paper recounts the historical context of equipment choices to assist in the understanding of an apparently chaotic situation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Substrate on the Morphological Characteristics of Hungarian Tagetes Patula Cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Máté Ördögh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Survival Ratio ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Almost All

Abstract The aim of this trial was to find the optimal substrate (sand, peat and 1:1 mixture of them) for germination and growing of Tagetes patula ‘Robuszta Kénsárga’, ‘Vénusz’ and ‘Tigris’, with the use of 40 seeds according to substrates and cultivars in nine groups. Germination and survival ratio, plant height, root length, flower number and –diameter were examined. Almost all seeds germinated successfully, and the highest surviving was around 80% in case of peat + sand, and the lowest (50%) when plants grown in pure sand. The latter substrate resulted the longest roots (especially in the groups of ‘Tigris’) and all cultivars (particularly ‘Vénusz’) reached the lowest height with the use of this soil. On the other hand, peat effected the shortest roots, tallest specimens, most flowers of every cultivars. In case of flower number, there were significant differences between ‘Tigris’ (with averagely 58-70 flowers) and the other two types (23-39 flowers), irrespectively of the substrates. ‘Vénusz’ developed the smallest flower heads (maximum 3.5 cm) in all cases; the other cultivars produced at least 4 cm inflorescences. The lowest plant values experienced with the use of sand and the best results on peat.

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