KARYOTYPIC ANALYSES OF TWENTY-ONE SPECIES OF MOLOSSID BATS (MOLOSSIDAE: CHIROPTERA)

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry W. Warner ◽  
James L. Patton ◽  
Alfred L. Gardner ◽  
Robert J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Chromosomal Variation ◽  
Robertsonian Translocations ◽  
The Family

Examination of 135 specimens representing 21 species from seven genera of the family Molossidae revealed diploid numbers ranging from 34 to 48. Seventeen species from six genera have diploid numbers of 48. Geographic variation and polymorphism were found only in Eumops glaucinus. Chromosomal variation within the family is presumed to be primarily due to changes in diploid number resulting from Robertsonian translocations.

Karyotypic characterization of some Liolaemus lizards in Chile (Iguanidae)

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Lamborot ◽  
E. Alvarez-Sarret
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Pericentric Inversion ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Chromosomal Variation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Karyotypic Variation

A comparative cytological study of 10 taxa of Liolaemus from different localities in Chile shows that several of them display a conservative karyotype, with six pairs of macrochromosomes similar in size and shape to other species within Liolaemus that are believed to be primitive in the family. These karyotypes may exhibit interspecific variation in the number and shape of the microchromosome pairs 7, 8, and 9 and in the chiasmata characteristics, thus permitting chromosomal characterization at the species level. Other taxa show an increased diploid number of chromosomes, mainly explained by Robertsonian derivation, pericentric inversion, translocation, and triploidy. One species presents intraspecific chromosomal variation. Thus, chromosomes can serve as genetic markers and improve our understanding of the evolution, systematics, and population genetics of these iguanids.Key words: Liolaemus (Iguanidae), karyotypic variation, chiasmata, triploidy.

PHYLOGENETIC AND GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN HOST BREADTH AND COMPOSITION BY HERBIVOROUS AMPHIPODS IN THE FAMILY AMPITHOIDAE

Evolution ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 071202192643007-??? ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair G. B. Poore ◽  
Nicole A. Hill ◽  
Erik E. Sotka
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
The Family

scholarly journals Comparative analysis based on replication banding reveals the mechanism responsible for the difference in the karyotype constitution of treefrogs Ololygon and Scinax (Arboranae, Hylidae, Scinaxinae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Lilian Gruber ◽  
Gabriela Isabela Gomes de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Paula Zampieri Silva ◽  
Hideki Narimatsu ◽  
Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer ◽  
Replication Banding ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer Regions ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Phylogenetic Revision ◽  
Dna Incorporation

According to the recent taxonomic and phylogenetic revision of the family Hylidae, species of the former Scinaxcatharinae (Boulenger, 1888) clade were included in the resurrected genus Ololygon Fitzinger, 1843, while species of the Scinaxruber (Laurenti, 1768) clade were mostly included in the genus Scinax Wagler, 1830, and two were allocated to the newly created genus JulianusDuellman et al., 2016. Although all the species of the former Scinax genus shared a diploid number of 2n = 24 and the same fundamental number of chromosome arms of FN = 48, two karyotypic constitutions were unequivocally recognized, related mainly to the distinct size and morphology of the first two chromosome pairs. Some possible mechanisms for these differences had been suggested, but without any experimental evidence. In this paper, a comparison was carried out based on replication chromosome banding, obtained after DNA incorporation of 5-bromodeoxiuridine in chromosomes of Ololygon and Scinax. The obtained results revealed that the loss of repetitive segments in chromosome pairs 1 and 2 was the mechanism responsible for karyotype difference. The distinct localization of the nucleolus organizer regions in the species of both genera also differentiates the two karyotypic constitutions.

scholarly journals Chromosome Translocations as a Driver of Diversification in Mole Voles Ellobius (Rodentia, Mammalia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Romanenko ◽  
Elena A. Lyapunova ◽  
Abdusattor S. Saidov ◽  
Patricia C.M. O’Brien ◽  
Natalia A. Serdyukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Number ◽  
Chromosomal Translocations ◽  
Subterranean Rodents ◽  
Hybrid Zones ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Robertsonian Translocations ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic ◽  
Chromosome Translocations ◽  
Monobrachial Homology ◽  
Strong Barrier

The involvement of chromosome changes in the initial steps of speciation is controversial. Here we examine diversification trends within the mole voles Ellobius, a group of subterranean rodents. The first description of their chromosome variability was published almost 40 years ago. Studying the G-band structure of chromosomes in numerous individuals revealed subsequent homologous, step-by-step, Robertsonian translocations, which changed diploid numbers from 54 to 30. Here we used a molecular cytogenetic strategy which demonstrates that chromosomal translocations are not always homologous; consequently, karyotypes with the same diploid number can carry different combinations of metacentrics. We further showed that at least three chromosomal forms with 2n = 34 and distinct metacentrics inhabit the Pamir-Alay mountains. Each of these forms independently hybridized with E. tancrei, 2n = 54, forming separate hybrid zones. The chromosomal variations correlate slightly with geographic barriers. Additionally, we confirmed that the emergence of partial or monobrachial homology appeared to be a strong barrier for hybridization in nature, in contradistinction to experiments which we reported earlier. We discuss the possibility of whole arm reciprocal translocations for mole voles. Our findings suggest that chromosomal translocations lead to diversification and speciation.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic description of Bunocephalus doriae Boulenger, 1902 (Siluriformes: Aspredinidae) from the Paraná River (Misiones, Argentina)

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Sérgio Fenocchio ◽  
Ana Cláudia Swarça
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Secondary Constriction ◽  
Paraná River ◽  
Parana River ◽  
C Banding ◽  
The Family ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes

In this work, Bunocephalus doriae was cytogenetically analyzed. A karyotype with a diploid number of 2n= 50 comprising 6m, 10sm, 6st, and 28a (FN= 72) chromosomes was observed. The occurrence of an asymmetric karyotype with a large number of acrocentric chromosomes distinguishes this species from others the Order Siluriformes. An exclusive character observed is the first pair of subtelocentric as the largest chromosome pair of the complement. NORs detected using AgNO3 were located in the terminal regions, on the short arm of a subtelocentric chromosome pair (pair 11), in a secondary constriction. C-banding revealed heterochromatic centromeric regions on several chromosomes of the complement after C-banding. This is the first cytogenetic description of this species and the first cytogenetic report on a member of the family Aspredinidae.

scholarly journals Karyotype description and comparative analysis in Ringed Kingfisher and Green Kingfisher (Coraciiformes, Alcedinidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Tiago Marafiga Degrandi ◽  
Jean Carlo Pedroso de Oliveira ◽  
Amanda de Araújo Soares ◽  
Mario Angel Ledesma ◽  
Iris Hass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Karyotype Structure ◽  
Chromosome Fusions ◽  
Size And Morphology

Kingfishers comprise about 115 species of the family Alcedinidae, and are an interesting group for cytogenetic studies, for they are among birds with most heterogeneous karyotypes. However, cytogenetics knowledge in Kingfishers is extremely limited. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the karyotype structure of the Ringed Kingfisher (Megaceryletorquata Linnaeus, 1766) and Green Kingfisher (Chloroceryleamericana Gmelin, 1788) and also compare them with related species in order to identify chromosomal rearrangements. The Ringed Kingfisher presented 2n = 84 and the Green Kingfisher had 2n = 94. The increase of the chromosome number in the Green Kingfisher possibly originated by centric fissions in macrochromosomes. In addition, karyotype comparisons in Alcedinidae show a heterogeneity in the size and morphology of macrochromosomes, and chromosome numbers ranging from 2n = 76 to 132. Thus, it is possible chromosomal fissions in macrochromosomes resulted in the increase of the diploid number, whereas chromosome fusions have originated the karyotypes with low diploid number.

scholarly journals Comparative Chromosome Mapping of Musk Ox and the X Chromosome among Some Bovidae Species

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Proskuryakova ◽  
Kulemzina ◽  
Perelman ◽  
Yudkin ◽  
Lemskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Chromosome Mapping ◽  
Ovibos Moschatus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Musk Ox ◽  
Relic Species

: Bovidae, the largest family in Pecora infraorder, are characterized by a striking variability in diploid number of chromosomes between species and among individuals within a species. The bovid X chromosome is also remarkably variable, with several morphological types in the family. Here we built a detailed chromosome map of musk ox (Ovibos moschatus), a relic species originating from Pleistocene megafauna, with dromedary and human probes using chromosome painting. We trace chromosomal rearrangements during Bovidae evolution by comparing species already studied by chromosome painting. The musk ox karyotype differs from the ancestral pecoran karyotype by six fusions, one fission, and three inversions. We discuss changes in pecoran ancestral karyotype in the light of new painting data. Variations in the X chromosome structure of four bovid species nilgai bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus), saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis), gaur (Bos gaurus), and Kirk’s Dikdik (Madoqua kirkii) were further analyzed using 26 cattle BAC-clones. We found the duplication on the X in saola. We show main rearrangements leading to the formation of four types of bovid X: Bovinae type with derived cattle subtype formed by centromere reposition and Antilopinae type with Caprini subtype formed by inversion in XSB3.

KARYOLOGY OF NORTH AMERICAN NATRICINE SNAKES (FAMILY COLUBRIDAE) OF THE GENERA NATRIX AND REGINA

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. William Kilpatrick ◽  
Earl G. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
North American ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Related Genus ◽  
Chromosomal Variation ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
Water Snake ◽  
The Family

Four species of the water snake genus Natrix have a distinctly different pattern of chromosomal morphology than found in two species of the related genus Regina. Natrix all have a karyotype with seven pairs of large or medium-sized submetacentric autosomes, three pairs of medium-sized subtelocentric autosomes, and seven pairs of small metacentric autosomes. All have a 2n of 36 with a submetacentric Z and submetacentric or subtelocentric W. The autosomal complement of Regina consists of seven pairs of large to medium-sized submetacentrics, five pairs of medium-sized submetacentrics, and five pairs of small metacentrics. The Z and W are both submetacentric chromosomes. The sex chromosomes are easily distinguished in both genera. The relationships of Natrix and Regina and Old World Natrix are discussed, as well as chromosomal variation in closely related species in the family Colubridae.

scholarly journals A description of karyotype of the giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna (Trematoda, Platyhelminthes) and a review of Fasciolidae cytogenetics

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reblánová ◽  
M. Špakulová ◽  
M. Orosová ◽  
E. Bazsalovicsová ◽  
D. Rajský
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Dapi Staining ◽  
Fascioloides Magna ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Giant Liver Fluke ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Common Parasite ◽  
Submetacentric Pair

AbstractThe study describes a karyotype of a common parasite of cervids, the giant liver fluke, Fascioloides magna (Trematoda, Platyhelminthes). The chromosome set of F. magna comprises 11 pairs of chromosomes, all classified as subtelocentric except for the submeta-metacentric pair No. 8 and the submetacentric pair No. 10 (2n = 22, n = 1sm + 1sm-m + 9st). The first longest pair is 4.65 μm long and the length decreases continuously to the 1.92 μm length of the last pair No. 11. No distinct secondary constriction has been observed in mitotic preparations. Fluorescent DAPI-staining reveals distinct heterochromatin bands on all 11 chromosome pairs in the centromeric regions; another DAPI-positive bands are localized at the end of the long arms of chromosomes No. 5 and the last less distinct signals appear interstitially on the long arms of the pair No. 6. Synchronous meiotic divisions of 8-spermatocyte groups have been observed during spermatogenesis, similarly with a development of spermatocytes in other trematodes. In the first two stages of heterotypic spermatocyte division, 11 bivalents (n = 11) are regularly observed, confirming the diploid number of 22 elements. Furthermore, the present analysis summarises and discusses available cytogenetic data on Fasciolidae flukes suitable for future studies on taxonomy or phylogenetic interrelationships within the family.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document