Biotechnological approaches for the control of plant morphogenesis and their applications in agriculture

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 1034-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto J. Crocomo
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Hybrid Embryo ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Cell Genome ◽  
Time Required

As plant biotechnology is an application of cell engineering by which the plant cell genome is manipulated to improve agricultural productivity, leading to increases in production, many fundamental questions related to crop improvement arise, such as (i) how to propagate a great number of plants in a small space and within a shorter period of time; (ii) how to control the reversion to juvenility in forest species; (iii) how to decrease the time required to release new varieties to plant producers; (iv) how to control pests without causing environmental pollution; (v) how to regenerate intact transgenic plants after DNA insertion into protoplasts; (vi) how to transfer genetic characters between incompatible plant species; (vii) how to obtain somaclones resistant to adverse conditions; (viii) identification of the molecular mechanisms governing the processes of plant cell morphogenesis and how to control them to obtain better agricultural performance. Many of these questions are being studied in our laboratory and the results are discussed here.Key words: plant biotechnology, micropropagation, transgenic plants, somaclonal variation, hybrid embryo rescue, plant tissue culture.

scholarly journals A short history of plant transformation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Somssich
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plant ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Transformation ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Biotechnology Industry ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Short History ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cell Genome

The 1977 discovery that Agrobacterium tumefaciens inserts a specific piece of DNA into the plant cell genome triggered a race towards the first transgenic plant. Three groups were initially involved in the race, a fourth group entered later on. This race ended in 1983 with four labs publishing their own transgenic plant cell lines. This scientific breakthrough triggered the plant-biotechnology industry, and advanced the field of plant science like hardly any other. Who won the race? Here’s 'A Short History of Plant Transformation'.

scholarly journals The Role and Contribution of Plant Breeding and Plant Biotechnology to Sustainable Agriculture in Africa

Afrika Focus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kyetere ◽  
E. Okogbenin ◽  
J. Okeno ◽  
K. Sanni ◽  
J. Munyaradzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Modern Breeding

Africa’s economy is driven by agriculture, a sector that constitutes 32% of the continent’s GDP. The ongoing Agricultural Transformation Agenda (ATA) in Africa hinges on a system change (from subsistence farming to agribusiness) approach that explores high productivity to strengthen the African economy. During the “Green Revolution” period, increased global yields of cereal crops were achieved through the interactions of breeding and agronomy. However, in the face of current challenges, such as climate change and need for new market niches, there is an increasing exigency to explore modern plant breeding (including biotechnology) to develop new varieties with the capacity for high yields in reduced chemical-input systems and with the genetic diversity needed to maintain yield stability in Africa ́s fluctuating climatic conditions. Biotechnology has significantly shortened the time required for the development of new cultivars, varieties and hybrids. Modern breeding tools include Double Haploid technology, marker assisted breeding, genomics, genetic engineering and genome editing. It is these tools that help accelerate the development of market responsive varieties needed for sustainable agriculture in Africa that will be highlighted. KEY WORDS: TECHNOLOGY, CROP IMPROVEMENT, GENETICS, MODERN BREEDING TOOLS.

Hybrid Embryo Rescue in Crop Improvement

2015 ◽  
pp. 363-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leela Sahijram ◽  
B. Madhusudhana Rao
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Hybrid Embryo

scholarly journals A short history of plant transformation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Somssich
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plant ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Transformation ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Biotechnology Industry ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Short History ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cell Genome

The 1977 discovery that Agrobacterium tumefaciens inserts a specific piece of DNA into the plant cell genome triggered a race towards the first transgenic plant. Three groups were initially involved in the race, a fourth group entered later on. This race ended in 1983 with four labs publishing their own transgenic plant cell lines. This scientific breakthrough triggered the plant-biotechnology industry, and advanced the field of plant science like hardly any other. Who won the race? Here’s 'A Short History of Plant Transformation'.

scholarly journals Q&A: Professor Maurice Moloney

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-40
Author(s):  
Freddie Theodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Seed Biology ◽  
Scientific Papers

Professor Maurice Moloney is the new director and chief executive of Rothamsted Research. He has written more than 80 scientific papers and holds more than 300 patents in plant biotechnology worldwide. Professor Moloney is also a leading authority on plant cell biology, especially seed biology and its biotechnological applications in crop improvement. He is the 12th director of Rothamsted since 1843, succeeding Professor Ian Crute CBE, who retired from the institute in 2009.

scholarly journals A short history of plant transformation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Somssich
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plant ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Transformation ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Biotechnology Industry ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Short History ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cell Genome

The 1977 discovery that Agrobacterium tumefaciens inserts a specific piece of DNA into the plant cell genome triggered a race towards the first transgenic plant. Three groups were initially involved in the race, a fourth group entered later on. This race ended in 1983 with four labs publishing their own transgenic plant cell lines. This scientific breakthrough triggered the plant-biotechnology industry, and advanced the field of plant science like hardly any other. Who won the race? Here’s 'A Short History of Plant Transformation'.

scholarly journals The Role and Contribution of Plant Breeding and Plant Biotechnology to Sustainable Agriculture in Africa

Afrika Focus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-108
Author(s):  
D. Kyetere ◽  
E. Okogbenin ◽  
J. Okeno ◽  
J. Munyaradzi ◽  
F. Nangayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
The Face ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Time Required

Africa’s economy is driven by agriculture, a sector that constitutes 32% of the continent’s GDP. The ongoing Agricultural Transformation Agenda (ATA) in Africa hinges on a system change (from subsistence farming to agribusiness) approach that explores high productivity to strengthen the African economy. During the “Green Revolution” period, increased global yields of cereal crops were achieved through the interactions of breeding and agronomy. However, in the face of current challenges, such as climate change and need for new market niches, there is an increasing exigency to explore modern plant breeding (including biotechnology) to develop new varieties with the capacity for high yields in reduced chemical-input systems and with the genetic diversity needed to maintain yield stability in Africa´s fluctuating climatic conditions. Biotechnology has significantly shortened the time required for the development of new cultivars, varieties and hybrids. Modern breeding tools include Double Haploid technology, marker assisted breeding, genomics, genetic engineering and genome editing. It is these tools that help accelerate the development of market responsive varieties needed for sustainable agriculture in Africa that will be highlighted.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Regulatory Networks during the Maize Ear Shank Elongation Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7029
Author(s):  
Cai-Yun Xiong ◽  
Qing-You Gong ◽  
Hu Pei ◽  
Chang-Jian Liao ◽  
Rui-Chun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Short Branch ◽  
Transcriptional Dynamics ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Elongation Process ◽  
Temporal Expression Pattern ◽  
Maize Ear

In maize, the ear shank is a short branch that connects the ear to the stalk. The length of the ear shank mainly affects the transportation of photosynthetic products to the ear, and also influences the dehydration of the grain by adjusting the tightness of the husks. However, the molecular mechanisms of maize shank elongation have rarely been described. It has been reported that the maize ear shank length is a quantitative trait, but its genetic basis is still unclear. In this study, RNA-seq was performed to explore the transcriptional dynamics and determine the key genes involved in maize shank elongation at four different developmental stages. A total of 8145 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 729 transcription factors (TFs). Some important genes which participate in shank elongation were detected via function annotation and temporal expression pattern analyses, including genes related to signal transduction hormones (auxin, brassinosteroids, gibberellin, etc.), xyloglucan and xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase, and transcription factor families. The results provide insights into the genetic architecture of maize ear shanks and developing new varieties with ideal ear shank lengths, enabling adjustments for mechanized harvesting in the future.

scholarly journals Exogenous Promoter Triggers APETALA3 Silencing through RNA-Directed DNA Methylation Pathway in Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benqi Wang ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Lei Chu ◽  
Xue Jing ◽  
Huadong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Reproduction ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Class A ◽  
Methylation Pathway ◽  
Class B ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Morphological Defects

The development of floral organs plays a vital role in plant reproduction. In our research, the APETALA3 (AP3) promoter-transgenic lines showed abnormal developmental phenotypes in stamens and petals. The aim of this study is to understand the molecular mechanisms of the morphological defects in transgenic plants. By performing transgenic analysis, it was found that the AP3-promoted genes and the vector had no relation to the morphological defects. Then, we performed the expression analysis of the class A, B, and C genes. A dramatic reduction of transcript levels of class B genes (AP3 and PISTILLATA) was observed. Additionally, we also analyzed the methylation of the promoters of class B genes and found that the promoter of AP3 was hypermethylated. Furthermore, combining mutations in rdr2-2, drm1/2, and nrpd1b-11 with the AP3-silencing lines rescued the abnormal development of stamens and petals. The expression of AP3 was reactivated and the methylation level of AP3 promoter was also reduced in RdDM-defective AP3-silencing lines. Our results showed that the RdDM pathway contributed to the transcriptional silencing in the transgenic AP3-silencing lines. Moreover, the results revealed that fact that the exogenous fragment of a promoter could trigger the methylation of homologous endogenous sequences, which may be ubiquitous in transgenic plants.

Assembly of Antibodies and Mutagenized Variants in Transgenic Plants and Plant Cell Cultures

1992 ◽  
pp. 49-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hiatt ◽  
Ying Tang ◽  
William Weiser ◽  
Mich B. Hein
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Plant Cell Cultures
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