scholarly journals Exogenous Promoter Triggers APETALA3 Silencing through RNA-Directed DNA Methylation Pathway in Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benqi Wang ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Lei Chu ◽  
Xue Jing ◽  
Huadong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Reproduction ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Class A ◽  
Methylation Pathway ◽  
Class B ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Morphological Defects

The development of floral organs plays a vital role in plant reproduction. In our research, the APETALA3 (AP3) promoter-transgenic lines showed abnormal developmental phenotypes in stamens and petals. The aim of this study is to understand the molecular mechanisms of the morphological defects in transgenic plants. By performing transgenic analysis, it was found that the AP3-promoted genes and the vector had no relation to the morphological defects. Then, we performed the expression analysis of the class A, B, and C genes. A dramatic reduction of transcript levels of class B genes (AP3 and PISTILLATA) was observed. Additionally, we also analyzed the methylation of the promoters of class B genes and found that the promoter of AP3 was hypermethylated. Furthermore, combining mutations in rdr2-2, drm1/2, and nrpd1b-11 with the AP3-silencing lines rescued the abnormal development of stamens and petals. The expression of AP3 was reactivated and the methylation level of AP3 promoter was also reduced in RdDM-defective AP3-silencing lines. Our results showed that the RdDM pathway contributed to the transcriptional silencing in the transgenic AP3-silencing lines. Moreover, the results revealed that fact that the exogenous fragment of a promoter could trigger the methylation of homologous endogenous sequences, which may be ubiquitous in transgenic plants.

مهارة الكلام منظور من عملية التعلم والتعليم في جامعة باتوسنجكر الاسلامية الحكومية سومطرى الغربية

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suharmon Suharmon
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Strategies ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Motivation To Learn ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Class A ◽  
Class B ◽  
Speaking Skill

This research aims to obtain infomation about Arabic learning especially speaking skill in Arabic Language Education Department at IAIN Batusangkar. The research uses a quantitative approach. The instruments to collect the data are test and questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of the research state that the students’ speaking ability at class “ A “ are 28% low, 36% moderate, and 36% high. While, at class “B”, students’ speaking abilities are 36.4% low, 40,9% moderate, and 22.7% high. The cause of students’ low ability is the unappropriateness of teachers’ strategy in teaching speaking. There are about 96% students at class “A” agreed and 86.4% students at class “B” had similar answer. Another cause is students’ low motivation in learning. Class “A” students agreed for about 76% of them and 77% of class “B” students answered the same. From the finding, it can be concluded that the inability of students to speak Arabic can be overcomed by improving teaching strategies and encouraging maximum motivation  to learn Arabic.

scholarly journals Some kinematics of halo coronal mass ejections

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Virendra Kumar Verma ◽  
Nishant Mittal ◽  
Ramesh Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Coronal Holes ◽  
Geomagnetic Disturbances ◽  
Class A ◽  
Heliospheric Physics ◽  
Class B ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Class C

AbstractWe present an investigation of halo coronal mass ejections (HCMEs) kinematics and other facts about the HCMEs. The study of HCMEs is very important because HCMEs are regarded as the main causes of heliospheric and geomagnetic disturbances. In this study, we have investigated 313 HCMEs observed during 1996-2012 by LASCO, coronal holes, and solar flares. We find that HCMEs are of two types: accelerated HCMEs and decelerated HCMEs. The mean space speed of HCMEs is 1283 km/s while the mean speed of decelerated HCMEs and accelerated HCMEs is 1349 km/s and 1174 km/s, respectively. The investigation shows that 1 (0.3%) HCME was associated with class A SXR, 14 (4.7%) HCMEs were associated with class B SXR-flares, 87 (29.4%) HCMEs were associated with class C SXR-flares, 125 (42.2%) HCMEs were associated with class M SXR-flares and 69 (23.3%) HCMEs were associated with class X SXR-flares. The speed of HCMEs increases with the importance of solar SXR-flares. The various results obtained in the present analysis are discussed in the light of the existing scenario of heliospheric physics.

Antennal transcriptome analysis and candidate olfactory genes in Crematogaster rogenhoferi

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhou ◽  
Jixing Guo ◽  
Mingxia Zhang ◽  
Chunxiu Bai ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Neuron Membrane ◽  
Ionotropic Receptors ◽  
Soft Scale

Abstract Crematogaster rogenhoferi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), an omnivorous ant, is one of the dominant predatory natural enemies of a soft scale pest, Parasaissetia nigra Nietner (Homoptera: Coccidae), and can effectively control P. nigra populations in rubber forests. Olfaction plays a vital role in the process of predation. However, the information about the molecular mechanism of olfaction-evoked behaviour in C. rogenhoferi is limited. In this study, we conducted antennal transcriptome analysis to identify candidate olfactory genes. We obtained 53,892 unigenes, 16,185 of which were annotated. Based on annotations, we identified 49 unigenes related to chemoreception, including four odourant-binding proteins, three chemosensory proteins, 37 odourant receptors, two odourant ionotropic receptors and three sensory neuron membrane proteins. This is the first report on the molecular basis of the chemosensory system of C. rogenhoferi. The findings provide a basis for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of the olfactory-related behaviours of C. rogenhoferi, which would facilitate a better application of C. rogenhoferi as a biological control agent.

scholarly journals Design and Validation of an Adjustable Large-Scale Solar Simulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1964
Author(s):  
Daniele Colarossi ◽  
Eleonora Tagliolini ◽  
Paolo Principi ◽  
Roberto Fioretti
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Luminous Flux ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Class A ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Temporal Instability ◽  
Class B

This work presents an adjustable large-scale solar simulator based on metal halide lamps. The design procedure is described with regards to the construction and spatial arrangement of the lamps and the designed optical system. Rotation and translation of the lamp array allow setting the direction and the intensity of the luminous flux on the horizontal plane. To validate the built model, irradiance nonuniformity and temporal instability tests were carried out assigning Class A, B, or C for each test, according to the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards requirements. The simulator meets the Class C standards on a 200 × 90 cm test plane, Class B on 170 × 80 cm, and Class A on 80 × 40 cm. The temporal instability returns Class A results for all the measured points. Lastly, a PV panel is characterized by tracing the I–V curve under simulated radiation, under outdoor natural sunlight, and with a numerical method. The results show a good approximation.

scholarly journals Image data of crumb structure of bread from flour of czech spring wheat cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Švec ◽  
M. Hrušková
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Rheological Measurements ◽  
Class A ◽  
Bread Volume ◽  
Class B ◽  
Crumb Structure

Abstract: Baking quality of flour from six wheat cultivars (harvest 2002 and 2003), belonging to the quality classes A and B, was evaluated using the fermented dough test. Analytical traits of kernel and flour showed differences between the classes which were confirmed by the baking test with the full-bread-formula according to Czech method. In addition to standard methods of the bread parameters description (specific bread volume and bread shape measurements) rheological measurements of penetrometer and image analysis were used in effort to differentiate wheat samples into the quality classes. The results of the baking test proved significant differences in specific bread volumes – the highest volume in class A was obtained with the cultivar Vinjet and in class B with SG-S1098 – approx. 410 and 420 ml/100 g. Although significant correlations among image analysis data and specific bread volume having been proved, any image analysis parameter did not distinguish the quality classes. Only the penetronetric measurements made with bread crumb were suitable for such purpose (r = 0.9083; for  = 0.01). Among image analysis data the total cell area of the crumb had the strongest correlation with specific bread volume (r = 0.7840; for α = 0.01).    

Over-expression of the rice OsAMT1-1 gene increases ammonium uptake and content, but impairs growth and development of plants under high ammonium nutrition

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad S. Hoque ◽  
Josette Masle ◽  
Michael K. Udvardi ◽  
Peter R. Ryan ◽  
Narayana M. Upadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Ammonium Assimilation ◽  
Ammonium Transporter ◽  
Ammonium Uptake ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Ammonium Nutrition ◽  
Maize Ubiquitin Promoter

A transgenic approach was undertaken to investigate the role of a rice ammonium transporter (OsAMT1-1) in ammonium uptake and consequent ammonium assimilation under different nitrogen regimes. Transgenic lines overexpressing OsAMT1-1 were produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of two rice cultivars, Taipei 309 and Jarrah, with an OsAMT1-1 cDNA gene construct driven by the maize ubiquitin promoter. Transcript levels of OsAMT1-1 in both Taipei 309 and Jarrah transgenic lines correlated positively with transgene copy number. Shoot and root biomass of some transgenic lines decreased during seedling and early vegetative stage compared to the wild type, especially when grown under high (2 mm) ammonium nutrition. Transgenic plants, particularly those of cv. Jarrah recovered in the mid-vegetative stage under high ammonium nutrition. Roots of the transgenic plants showed increased ammonium uptake and ammonium content. We conclude that the decreased biomass of the transgenic lines at early stages of growth might be caused by the accumulation of ammonium in the roots owing to the inability of ammonium assimilation to match the greater ammonium uptake.

A 3-tier classification of cerebral arteriovenous malformations

2011 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 842-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Spetzler ◽  
Francisco A. Ponce
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Class A ◽  
Tier System ◽  
Class B ◽  
Class C

Object The authors propose a 3-tier classification for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The classification is based on the original 5-tier Spetzler-Martin grading system, and reflects the treatment paradigm for these lesions. The implications of this modification in the literature are explored. Methods Class A combines Grades I and II AVMs, Class B are Grade III AVMs, and Class C combines Grades IV and V AVMs. Recommended management is surgery for Class A AVMs, multimodality treatment for Class B, and observation for Class C, with exceptions to the latter including recurrent hemorrhages and progressive neurological deficits. To evaluate whether combining grades is warranted from the perspective of surgical outcomes, the 3-tier system was applied to 1476 patients from 7 surgical series in which results were stratified according to Spetzler-Martin grades. Results Pairwise comparisons of individual Spetzler-Martin grades in the series analyzed showed the fewest significant differences (p < 0.05) in outcomes between Grades I and II AVMs and between Grades IV and V AVMs. In the pooled data analysis, significant differences in outcomes were found between all grades except IV and V (p = 0.38), and the lowest relative risks were found between Grades I and II (1.066) and between Grades IV and V (1.095). Using the pooled data, the predictive accuracies for surgical outcomes of the 5-tier and 3-tier systems were equivalent (receiver operating characteristic curve area 0.711 and 0.713, respectively). Conclusions Combining Grades I and II AVMs and combining Grades IV and V AVMs is justified in part because the differences in surgical results between these respective pairs are small. The proposed 3-tier classification of AVMs offers simplification of the Spetzler-Martin system, provides a guide to treatment, and is predictive of outcome. The revised classification not only simplifies treatment recommendations; by placing patients into 3 as opposed to 5 groups, statistical power is markedly increased for series comparisons.

scholarly journals Pseudogene ACTBP2 increases blood–brain barrier permeability by promoting KHDRBS2 transcription through recruitment of KMT2D/WDR5 in Aβ1–42 microenvironment

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianshuo Liu ◽  
Xiaobai Liu ◽  
Defeng Zhao ◽  
Xuelei Ruan ◽  
Rui Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Bbb Permeability ◽  
Novel Target ◽  
And Function

AbstractThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) has a vital role in maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). Changes in the structure and function of BBB can accelerate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. β-Amyloid (Aβ) deposition is the major pathological event of AD. We elucidated the function and possible molecular mechanisms of the effect of pseudogene ACTBP2 on the permeability of BBB in Aβ1–42 microenvironment. BBB model treated with Aβ1–42 for 48 h were used to simulate Aβ-mediated BBB dysfunction in AD. We proved that pseudogene ACTBP2, RNA-binding protein KHDRBS2, and transcription factor HEY2 are highly expressed in ECs that were obtained in a BBB model in vitro in Aβ1–42 microenvironment. In Aβ1–42-incubated ECs, ACTBP2 recruits methyltransferases KMT2D and WDR5, binds to KHDRBS2 promoter, and promotes KHDRBS2 transcription. The interaction of KHDRBS2 with the 3′UTR of HEY2 mRNA increases the stability of HEY2 and promotes its expression. HEY2 increases BBB permeability in Aβ1–42 microenvironment by transcriptionally inhibiting the expression of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5. We confirmed that knocking down of Khdrbs2 or Hey2 increased the expression levels of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 in APP/PS1 mice brain microvessels. ACTBP2/KHDRBS2/HEY2 axis has a crucial role in the regulation of BBB permeability in Aβ1–42 microenvironment, which may provide a novel target for the therapy of AD.

Nutrigenomics and Life Style Facet- A Modulatory Molecular Evidence in Progression of Breast and Colon Cancer with Emerging Importance

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Kumar Ray ◽  
Sukhes Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Phenotypic Alteration ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Supplement Intake

: Legitimate nutrition assumes a significant role in preventing diseases and, in this way, nutritional interventions establish vital strategies in the area of public health. Nutrigenomics centres on the different genes and diet in an individual and how an individual’s genes influence the reaction to bioactive foodstuff. It targets considering the genetic and epigenetic interactions with nutrients to lead to a phenotypic alteration and consequently to metabolism, differentiation, or even apoptosis. Nutrigenomics and lifestyle factors play a vital role in health management and represent an exceptional prospect for the improvement of personalized diets to the individual at risk of developing diseases like cancer. Concerning cancer as a multifactorial genetic ailment, several aspects need to be investigated and analysed. Various perspectives should be researched and examined regarding the development and prognosis of breast and colon cancer. Malignant growth occurrence is anticipated to upsurge in the impending days, and an effective anticipatory strategy is required. The effect of dietary components, basically studied by nutrigenomics, looks at gene expression and molecular mechanisms. It also interrelates bioactive compounds and nutrients because of different 'omics' innovations. Several preclinical investigations demonstrate the pertinent role of nutrigenomics in breast and colon cancer, and change of dietary propensities is conceivably a successful methodology for reducing cancer risk. The connection between the genomic profile of patients with breast or colon cancer and their supplement intake, it is conceivable to imagine an idea of personalized medicine, including nutrition and medicinal services.

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