A standard cytogenetic map for Anopheles sundaicus (Diptera: Culicidae) and evidence for chromosomal differentiation in populations from Thailand and Indonesia

A standard photographic map of polytene chromosomes of Anopheles sundaicus was constructed from ovarian nurse cells and is described herein. Polytene chromosomes of wild specimens collected from 9 different geographical areas in Thailand and Indonesia have been analyzed. Specimens from these populations appear to share banding patterns with standard gene arrangements, except for some specimens from Purworejo, in Central Java, and South Tapanuli and Asahan, both of North Sumatra, which exhibited distinct banding patterns at the tip of chromosome X (Xb) compared with the standard sequence (Xa). Moreover, some specimens collected from Asahan, North Sumatra, consistently showed distinct loosely diffuse bands in zone 19 of chromosome arm 2R (2Rb) compared with the standard banding patterns (2Ra). The existence of the 2Rb pattern correlates perfectly with the presence of an extra block of centromeric heterochromatin in autosome 2 as revealed by mitotic karyotype analysis (2n = 6). These cytological differences have led to the recognition of 3 distinct forms, viz., A, B, and C, within the taxon An. sundaicus. In addition, forms A and C show a normal size for chromosome Y, (Y1), while form B has a relatively larger type of chromosome Y, (Y2). Form A is widely distributed in Thailand and Indonesia, while form B has been found in North Sumatra and Central Java. Form C, however, has been found only in Asahan, North Sumatra. Key words : Anopheles sundaicus, polytene chromosome map, mitotic karyotype, chromosomal differentiation.

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Chromosomal evidence for sibling species of the malaria vector Anopheles cruzii

Genome ◽

10.1139/g99-103 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 143-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Corália CL Ramírez ◽

Eliana MB Dessen

Keyword(s):

Gene Flow ◽

X Chromosome ◽

Sibling Species ◽

Polytene Chromosomes ◽

Chromosome X ◽

Standard Pattern ◽

Banding Patterns ◽

Chromosomal Form ◽

Limited Gene Flow ◽

Anopheles Cruzii

An analysis of the ovarian polytene chromosomes of Anopheles cruzii from three localities in Southeast Brazil revealed the existence of two genetic entities within this morphologically uniform taxon. These cryptic species differed in the banding patterns of the X chromosome and 3L arm. A pattern of bands that cannot be explained by the fixation of any of the known inversions in chromosome X was revealed and named chromosomal form B to distinguish it from the standard pattern of this X chromosome, form A. Each chromosomal form is characterized by a different set of inversions. The lack of heterozygotes (A/B) for these X chromosome forms in populations where both forms coexist is evidence of absence or limited gene flow between the two groups. Key words: Anopheles cruzii, inversion polymorphism, sibling species.

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Linear and Spatial Organization of Polytene Chromosomes of the African Malaria Mosquito Anopheles funestus

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/159.1.211 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 159 (1) ◽

pp. 211-218

Author(s):

Igor V Sharakhov ◽

Maria V Sharakhova ◽

Charles M Mbogo ◽

Lizette L Koekemoer ◽

Guiyun Yan

Keyword(s):

Spatial Organization ◽

Polytene Chromosomes ◽

Genetic Research ◽

Anopheles Funestus ◽

Chromosome Morphology ◽

Pericentromeric Heterochromatin ◽

Malaria Vectors ◽

Malaria Mosquito ◽

Cytogenetic Map ◽

Important Species

Abstract Anopheles funestus Giles is one of the major malaria vectors in Africa, but little is known about its genetics. Lack of a cytogenetic map characterized by regions has hindered the progress of genetic research with this important species. This study developed a cytogenetic map of An. funestus using ovarian nurse cell polytene chromosomes. We demonstrate an important application with the cytogenetic map for characterizing various chromosomal inversions for specimens collected from coastal Kenya. The linear and spatial organization of An. funestus polytene chromosomes was compared with the best-studied malaria mosquito, An. gambiae Giles. Comparisons of chromosome morphology between the two species have revealed that the most extensive chromosomal rearrangement occurs in pericentromeric heterochromatin of autosomes. Differences in pericentromeric heterochromatin types correlate with nuclear organization differences between An. funestus and An. gambiae. Attachments of chromosomes to the nuclear envelope strongly depend on the presence of diffusive β-heterochromatin. Thus, An. funestus and An. gambiae exhibit species-specific characteristics in chromosome-linear and -spatial organizations.

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Ketoprak,Seni Pertunjukan Tradisional Jawa di Sumatera Utara: Pengembangan dan Keberlanjutannya

Panggung ◽

10.26742/panggung.v28i4.714 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Torang Naiborhu ◽

Nina Karina

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Fairy Tale ◽

Daily Life ◽

Art Theory ◽

Old Kingdom ◽

Central Java ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Art Performance ◽

Performing Art ◽

North Sumatra

ABSTRACT Ketoprak (Ketoprak Dor) is a Javanese art performance found in North Sumatera which was originated from Surakarta, Central Java. The Performance combines dialogue, drama, dance, and music. It is performed on stage, taking stories about history, old kingdom, fairy tale, daily life, and others with an interspersed joke. Data collection is collected through observation and interviews with the ketoprak artists, owners of the studio, and the spectators, and documentation. The data is analyzed by qualitative analysis technique using performing art theory, ethnomusicology, and history. The results are, first, ketoprak in North Sumatera began to be slowly abandoned despite the adoption of local culture in music, story, clothing, as well as vocabularies used. Second, for its development, it requires strategies for the survival of the performing art among its audiences, particularly Javanese community.Keywords: KetoprakDor, ketoprak in North Sumatra, developing ketoprak, art performance ABSTRAK Ketoprak (Ketoprak Dor)adalah seni pertunjukan Jawa di Sumatera Utara yang berasal dari Surakarta, Jawa Tengah. Pementasannya menggunakan dialog, drama, tarian, dan musik. Ketoprak dipertunjukkan di atas panggung dengan mengambil cerita sejarah, kerajaan, dongeng, kehidupan sehari-hari, dan lainnya dengan diselingi lawak.Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengamatan danwawancara kepada seniman ketoprak, pemilik sanggar, dan masyarakat pengguna, dokumentasi,dan hasilnya dianalisis dengan teknik analisis kualitatif menggunakan teori seni pertunjukan, etnomusikologi, dan metode sejarah. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa ketoprak di Sumatera Utara secara perlahan mulai ditinggalkan walaupun telah mengadopsi budaya setempat dalam hal musik, cerita, busana, atau tata bahasa yang dipakai. Untuk pengembangannya diperlukan upaya-upaya strategis agar seni pertunjukan ini dapat bertahan dan tetap diminati oleh masyarakat, khususnya komunitas Jawa.Katakunci: KetoprakDor, ketoprak di Sumatra Utara, pengembanganketoprak, seni pertunjukan

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The Role of Business Strategies and Financial Decisions in Preparing for International Market Entry and Improving SMEs’ Performance: An Entrepreneurial Finance Perspective

International Journal of Financial Research ◽

10.5430/ijfr.v11n5p376 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 376

Author(s):

Harjum Muharam ◽

Maria Rio Rita ◽

Isfenti Sadalia ◽

Asep Mulyana ◽

Mohamad Nur Utomo

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Market Entry ◽

International Market ◽

Business Strategies ◽

Financial Decisions ◽

Central Java ◽

Equation Modelling ◽

North Sumatra ◽

The City

This paper strives to examine the role of international market entry in optimizing the effects of business strategies and financial decisions on SMEs’ performance. In addition, this study analyzes the role of financing access in moderating the effects of business strategies and financial access. The research sample was comprised of 250 SMEs from various industries in the city of Salatiga, Central Java Province, and the city of Medan, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. A Partial Least Squares (PLS) - Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was utilized to test the hypotheses. In general, this research demonstrates that: (1) business strategies and financial decisions are the determinants of international market entry, (2) business strategies are a determinant of SMEs’ performance, (3) business strategies and international market entry are factors of SMEs’ performance, and (4) international market entry optimizes the effects of business strategies on SMEs’ performance.

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UNDER-REPLICATION OF RIBOSOMAL CISTRONS IN POLYTENE CHROMOSOMES OF RHYNCHOSCIARA

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.62.1.215 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 215-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

A. G. Gambarini ◽

F. J. S. Lara

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Xenopus Laevis ◽

Related Species ◽

Polytene Chromosomes ◽

Chromosome X ◽

Heterologous Hybridization ◽

Ribosomal Cistrons ◽

Rhynchosciara Americana

DNA preparations obtained from several tissues of Rhynchosciara americana and two related species, R. milleri and R. papaveroi, were hybridized to R. americana rRNA. The percentage of hybridization was found to be higher in tissues with low polyteny than in tissues with high polyteny, suggesting a relationship between the amount of rDNA and the tissue polyteny. This could be explained by under-replication of ribosomal cistrons in polytene cells, such as those from the salivary gland. Only slight tissue-dependent changes in the percentages of hybridization can be observed in heterologous hybridization using Xenopus laevis rRNA. The possibility that these experiments could not detect differences in the amount of ribosomal cistrons among tissues is discussed. The female:male ratio for the percentages of hybridization in the salivary gland of R. americana agrees with the results obtained by in situ hybridization experiments (16, 17) which have shown that the rRNA cistrons are distributed among chromosomes other than chromosome X.

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A comparison of polytene chromosomes in salivary glands and orbital bristle trichogen cells in Ceratitis capitata

Genome ◽

10.1139/g91-034 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 215-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. Zacharopoulou ◽

K. Bourtzis ◽

Ph. Kerremans

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Banding Pattern ◽

Ceratitis Capitata ◽

Polytene Chromosomes ◽

Biological Significance ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Banding Patterns ◽

Homologous Chromosomes ◽

Different Tissues

The banding patterns of polytene chromosomes in different tissues of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, vary to such an extent that homologous chromosomes cannot be recognised. However, analyses of autosomal breakpoints in several translocation strains allowed chromosomes from the two tissues to be aligned despite their difference in banding pattern. These results were discussed, considering the different hypotheses of the origin and biological significance of polytene chromosome bands.Key words: polytene chromosomes, salivary gland chromosomes, orbital bristle trichogen cell chromosomes, Ceratitis capitata.

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Karyotype of Propsilocerus akamusi (Tokunaga) from China (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.765.1.1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 765 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

IYA I. KIKNADZE ◽

XINHUA WANG ◽

ALBINA G. ISTOMINA

Keyword(s):

Polytene Chromosomes ◽

Banding Patterns ◽

Chinese Populations ◽

Data Support ◽

Cytogenetic Data ◽

Karyotype Structure ◽

Chromosomal Polymorphisms ◽

First Time

The karyotype structure and banding patterns of the polytene chromosomes of Propsilocerus akamusi from China are investigated for the first time. Photographic maps of the three chromosomes of P. akamusi are presented. Three heterochromatic blocks in the centromere regions are characteristic of this species. Chromosomal polymorphisms were not found in the Chinese populations. Cytogenetic data support the phylogenetic argument previously outlined for the genus.

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