Structure and organization of the P element related sequences in Drosophila madeirensis

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 823-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Paricio ◽  
M. J. Martínez-Sebastián ◽  
R. de Frutos ◽  
W. J. Miller ◽  
S. Hagemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
P Element ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
P Elements ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cytological Data ◽  
Homologous Site ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Coding Capacity ◽  
Special Case

The P element homologous sequences of the two closely related species Drosophila guanche and Drosophila subobscura represent a very special case of transposable-element derivatives. Although they have lost the regions known to be essential for P transposition by random mutations, all of them have selectively conserved the coding capacity for "P-repressor-like" proteins during the past few millions years. In both species, they are tandemly amplified in a single euchromatic gene cluster at equivalent chromosomal positions. In contrast, Drosophila madeirensis, an endemic species that is very closely related to both D. subobscura and D. guanche, harbours an additional P homologous site. Several mechanisms can be invoked to explain the generation of the new site in this species. In this work we present several molecular and cytological data in order to elucidate the possible evolutionary origin of the P derivatives of D. madeirensis. Key words : Drosophila, P elements, molecular evolution, gene cluster.

Restriction of P-element insertions at the Notch locus of Drosophila melanogaster

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1545-1548
Author(s):  
M R Kelley ◽  
S Kidd ◽  
R L Berg ◽  
M W Young
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
P Element ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Target Dna ◽  
Complex Locus ◽  
Additional Level ◽  
Derivatives Of

P elements move about the Drosophila melanogaster genome in a nonrandom fashion, preferring some chromosomal targets for insertion over others (J. C. J. Eeken, F. H. Sobels, V. Hyland, and A. P. Schalet, Mutat. Res. 150:261-275, 1985; W. R. Engels, Annu. Rev. Genet. 17:315-344, 1983; M. D. Golubovsky, Y. N. Ivanov, and M. M. Green, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:2973-2975, 1977; M. J. Simmons and J. K. Lim, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:6042-6046, 1980). Some of this specificity may be due to recognition of a particular DNA sequence in the target DNA; derivatives of an 8-base-pair consensus sequence are occupied by these transposable elements at many different chromosomal locations (K. O'Hare and G. M. Rubin, Cell 34:25-36, 1983). An additional level of specificity of P-element insertions is described in this paper. Of 14 mutations induced in the complex locus Notch by hybrid dysgenesis, 13 involved P-element insertions at or near the transcription start site of the gene. This clustering was not seen in other transposable element-induced mutations of Notch. DNA sequences homologous to the previously described consensus target for P-element insertion are not preferentially located in this region of the locus. The choice of a chromosomal site for integration appears to be based on more subtle variations in chromosome structure that are probably associated with activation or expression of the target gene.

A new P element subfamily from Drosophila tristis, D. ambigua, and D. obscura

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 978-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hagemann ◽  
E. Haring ◽  
W. Pinsker
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
P Element ◽  
Inverted Repeats ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Dna Phylogeny ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Obscura Group ◽  
Reading Frames

A new P element subfamily, designated T-type, was found in the genomes of the three closely related species Drosophila ambigua, Drosophila obscura, and Drosophila tristis. The subfamily comprises both full-sized and internally deleted P elements. The T-type element of D. ambigua is longer than the canonical P elements owing to a 300-bp insertion in the 3′ noncoding region. Tandemly arranged T-type elements were detected in D. ambigua and D. tristis. The overall structure of T-type elements resembles that of the Drosophila melanogaster P element and the termini are formed by perfect inverted repeats of 33 bp. However, none of the elements studied so far have intact reading frames. Sequence comparisons with other P element subfamilies from the obscura group indicate that the T-type elements are most closely related to the terminally truncated P homologues of Drosophila guanche and Drosophila subobscura. Therefore they can be considered as the lineage-specific P transposons of the obscura group. Furthermore, this finding indicates that the clustered P homologues of D. guanche and D. subobscura must be derived from transpositionally active P elements rather than from an immobile genomic sequence. Key words : Drosophila, obscura group, P element, transposon, DNA phylogeny.

scholarly journals Restriction of P-element insertions at the Notch locus of Drosophila melanogaster.

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1545-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Kelley ◽  
S Kidd ◽  
R L Berg ◽  
M W Young
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
P Element ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Target Dna ◽  
Complex Locus ◽  
Additional Level ◽  
Derivatives Of

P elements move about the Drosophila melanogaster genome in a nonrandom fashion, preferring some chromosomal targets for insertion over others (J. C. J. Eeken, F. H. Sobels, V. Hyland, and A. P. Schalet, Mutat. Res. 150:261-275, 1985; W. R. Engels, Annu. Rev. Genet. 17:315-344, 1983; M. D. Golubovsky, Y. N. Ivanov, and M. M. Green, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:2973-2975, 1977; M. J. Simmons and J. K. Lim, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:6042-6046, 1980). Some of this specificity may be due to recognition of a particular DNA sequence in the target DNA; derivatives of an 8-base-pair consensus sequence are occupied by these transposable elements at many different chromosomal locations (K. O'Hare and G. M. Rubin, Cell 34:25-36, 1983). An additional level of specificity of P-element insertions is described in this paper. Of 14 mutations induced in the complex locus Notch by hybrid dysgenesis, 13 involved P-element insertions at or near the transcription start site of the gene. This clustering was not seen in other transposable element-induced mutations of Notch. DNA sequences homologous to the previously described consensus target for P-element insertion are not preferentially located in this region of the locus. The choice of a chromosomal site for integration appears to be based on more subtle variations in chromosome structure that are probably associated with activation or expression of the target gene.

scholarly journals Protected P-element termini suggest a role for inverted-repeat-binding protein in transposase-induced gap repair in Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 1321-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
B E Staveley ◽  
T R Heslip ◽  
R B Hodgetts ◽  
J B Bell
Keyword(s):  
Inverted Repeat ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Strand Break ◽  
P Element ◽  
Replication Slippage ◽  
Selection Scheme ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
New Alleles

Abstract P-element transposition is thought to occur by a cut-and paste mechanism that generates a double-strand break at the donor site, the repair of which can lead to internally deleted elements. We have generated a series of both phenotypically stronger and weaker allelic derivatives of vg21, a vestigial mutant caused by a P-element insertion in the 5' region of the gene. Virtually all of the new alleles arose by internal deletion of the parental element in vg21, and we have characterized a number of these internally deleted P elements. Depending upon the selection scheme used, we see a very different spectrum of amount and source of P-element sequences in the resultant derivatives. Strikingly, most of the breakpoints occur within the inverted-repeats such that the last 15-17 bp of the termini are retained. This sequence is known to bind the inverted-repeat-binding protein (IRBP). We propose that the IRBP may act to preserve the P-element ends when transposition produces a double-strand gap. This allows the terminus to serve as a template upon which DNA synthesis can act to repair the gap. Filler sequences found at the breakpoints of the internally deleted P elements resemble short stretches, often in tandem arrays, of these terminal sequences. The structure of the filler sequences suggests replication slippage may occur during the process of gap repair.

Aminomethylated Hydroxinaphthalenes: Synthesis and Application

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-143
Author(s):  
P.V. Slitikov ◽  
Yu.B. Evdokimenkova
Keyword(s):  
Target Product ◽  
Azacrown Ethers ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
The Past ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Mannich Aminomethylation ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Special Case

The analysis of the literature is carried out and the results of the synthetic approaches to the aminomethylation of hydroxy derivatives of naphthalenes developed over the past 20 years are presented. Most of the described aminomethylation processes proceed as Mannich aminomethylation or, as a special case of a similar condensation --- aminobenzylation according to Betti. The results of all studies are grouped according to the nature of the amine used in the synthesis: primary, secondary, tertiary. Most of the examples were considered for 2-naphthol, however, as the analysis of literature data shows, similar methods are applicable to 1-naphthol and dihydroxynaphthalenes with different positions of OH groups in the ring --- often only the yields of the target product differ. Both the classical methods for the preparation of Mannich and Betti bases using the carbonyl component (formaldehyde, benzaldehyde and its derivatives, respectively) and special cases of synthesis, in which condensation is carried out by means of halogen derivatives, substituted azacrown ethers, etc., are presented. Particular attention is paid to the use of various catalysts and activators, allowing to significantly simplify the synthetic procedures and increase the yields of target compounds. The main fields of application of aminomethylated derivatives of hydroxynaphthalenes are presented

scholarly journals A hobo Transgene That Encodes the P-Element Transposase in Drosophila melanogaster: Autoregulation and Cytotype Control of Transposase Activity

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Simmons ◽  
Kevin J Haley ◽  
Craig D Grimes ◽  
John D Raymond ◽  
Jarad B Niemi
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gonadal Dysgenesis ◽  
P Element ◽  
Hsp70 Gene ◽  
Alternate Splicing ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Male Germline ◽  
Female Germline ◽  
Transposase Expression

Abstract Drosophila were genetically transformed with a hobo transgene that contains a terminally truncated but otherwise complete P element fused to the promoter from the Drosophila hsp70 gene. Insertions of this H(hsp/CP) transgene on either of the major autosomes produced the P transposase in both the male and female germlines, but not in the soma. Heat-shock treatments significantly increased transposase activity in the female germline; in the male germline, these treatments had little effect. The transposase activity of two insertions of the H(hsp/CP) transgene was not significantly greater than their separate activities, and one insertion of this transgene reduced the transposase activity of P(ry+, Δ2-3)99B, a stable P transgene, in the germline as well as in the soma. These observations suggest that, through alternate splicing, the H(hsp/CP) transgene produces a repressor that feeds back negatively to regulate transposase expression or function in both the somatic and germline tissues. The H(hsp/CP) transgenes are able to induce gonadal dysgenesis when the transposase they encode has P-element targets to attack. However, this ability and the ability to induce P-element excisions are repressed by the P cytotype, a chromosomal/cytoplasmic state that regulates P elements in the germline.

scholarly journals The Regulatory Properties of Autonomous Subtelomeric P Elements Are Sensitive to a Suppressor of variegation in Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 1663-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Ronsseray ◽  
Monique Lehmann ◽  
Danielle Nouaud ◽  
Dominique Anxolabéhère
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
P Element ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Heterochromatin Protein 1 ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Associated Sequences ◽  
Regulatory Properties

Abstract Genetic recombination was used in Drosophila melanogaster to isolate P elements, inserted at the telomeres of X chromosomes (cytological site 1A) from natural populations, in a genetic background devoid of other P elements. We show that complete maternally inherited P repression in the germline (P cytotype) can be elicited by only two autonomous P elements at 1A and that a single element at this site has partial regulatory properties. The analysis of the surrounding chromosomal regions of the P elements at 1A shows that in all cases these elements are flanked by Telomeric Associated Sequences, tandemly repetitive noncoding sequences that have properties of heterochromatin. In addition, we show that the regulatory properties of P elements at 1A can be inhibited by some of the mutant alleles of the Su(var)205 gene and by a deficiency of this gene. However, the regulatory properties of reference P strains (Harwich and Texas 007) are not impaired by Su(var)205 mutations. Su(var)205 encodes Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1). These results suggest that the HP1 dosage effect on the P element properties is sitedependent and could involve the structure of the chromatin.

scholarly journals hobo enhancer trapping mutagenesis in Drosophila reveals an insertion specificity different from P elements.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Smith ◽  
J Wohlgemuth ◽  
B R Calvi ◽  
I Franklin ◽  
W M Gelbart
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Enhancer Trap ◽  
P Element ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Element Insertion ◽  
Enhancer Trapping ◽  
Indispensable Tool

Abstract P element enhancer trapping has become an indispensable tool in the analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster genome. However, there is great variation in the mutability of loci by these elements such that some loci are relatively refractory to insertion. We have developed the hobo transposable element for use in enhancer trapping and we describe the results of a hobo enhancer trap screen. In addition, we present evidence that a hobo enhancer trap element has a pattern of insertion into the genome that is different from the distribution of P elements in the available database. Hence, hobo insertion may facilitate access to genes resistant to P element insertion.

scholarly journals Constructing Carrollian CFTs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishant Gupta ◽  
Nemani V. Suryanarayana
Keyword(s):  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Higher Dimensions ◽  
Field Theories ◽  
Conformal Field Theories ◽  
Relativistic Limit ◽  
Conformal Field ◽  
Local Symmetries ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Special Case

Abstract We construct classical theories for scalar fields in arbitrary Carroll spacetimes that are invariant under Carrollian diffeomorphisms and Weyl transformations. When the local symmetries are gauge fixed these theories become Carrollian conformal field theories. We show that generically there are at least two types of such theories: one in which only time derivatives of the fields appear and the other in which both space and time derivatives appear. A classification of such scalar field theories in three (and higher) dimensions up to two derivative order is provided. We show that only a special case of our theories arises in the ultra-relativistic limit of a covariant parent theory.

scholarly journals A novel repressor of P element transposition in Drosophila melanogaster

1998 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD M. BADGE ◽  
JOHN F. Y. BROOKFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Gonadal Dysgenesis ◽  
Full Length ◽  
P Element ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
P Elements

We have discovered, in an inbred line (Loua) of Drosophila melanogaster from Zaïre, a third chromosome showing unusual P element repression. Repression of P element transposition by this chromosome, named Loua3, is dominant zygotic and has three unusual properties. Firstly, its repression of the gonadal dysgenesis caused by a strong P haplotype is strongly temperature-dependent, being most evident at higher rearing temperatures. Secondly, subdivision of Loua3 by recombination abolishes repression: the effect is apparently a function of the intact chromosome. Finally, Loua3 also diminishes somatic lethality when chromosomes carrying many ‘ammunition’ elements (Birmingham2) are exposed to the constitutive transposase source Δ2-3(99B). The chromosome has 17 P elements, none full-length, located in at least 12 dispersed positions.

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