Applicability of 2-D modeling for forecasting ice jam flood levels in the Hay River Delta, Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Brayall ◽  
F.E. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
River Delta ◽  
Prediction Tool ◽  
Ice Jam ◽  
Demonstration Site ◽  
River Confluences ◽  
Rating Curves ◽  
East And West ◽  
Inflow Discharge ◽  
The Town ◽  
Channel Systems

Ice jam floods can present an annual threat to communities adjacent to rivers, especially those situated at river confluences, island or deltas. The objective of this study was to determine whether 2-D modeling might be used to predict expected ice jam flood elevations for such multi-channel systems. The Hay River delta was selected as the demonstration site for this study, and 2-D modeling was employed to calculate ice jam flood levels expected for varying inflow discharge conditions. The River2D model was calibrated for historical ice jam profiles covering a range of discharges from 268 to 1000 m3/s and a relationship was developed to predict the flow split down the East and West Channels based on the inflow discharge to the delta. Also, ice jam rating curves were developed at 0.5 km intervals along each channel facilitating the development of an ice jam profile prediction tool for use by the Town of Hay River.

Incorporating the effects of upstream ice jam releases in the prediction of flood levels in the Hay River delta, Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 643-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael De Coste ◽  
Yuntong She ◽  
Julia Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
River Delta ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Ice Jams ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Release Wave ◽  
Ice Jam ◽  
Great Slave Lake ◽  
Extreme Flooding ◽  
Flooding Events ◽  
The Town

The town of Hay River, located in the Northwest Territories, Canada, is vulnerable to ice jam flooding occurring in the adjacent Hay River delta. The most extreme flooding events have occurred when ice jams in the channels of the delta were pushed downstream towards the mouth at Great Slave Lake. This movement has been linked to incoming waves from ice jam release in the upstream reaches of the Hay River. This study incorporated the effect of an upstream ice jam release wave into the prediction of ice jam caused flood levels in the delta by integrating three one-dimensional models. The method was validated with observed breakup events and then used to simulate various combinations of ice and water conditions in the river and the delta. Multiple linear regression analyses were applied to the results to develop a prediction tool for assessing ice jam flood risk.

The Tiber river delta plain (central Italy): Coastal evolution and implications for the ancient Ostia Roman settlement

The Holocene ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1105-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bellotti ◽  
G. Calderoni ◽  
F. Di Rita ◽  
M. D’Orefice ◽  
C. D’Amico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Tiber River ◽  
Military Posts ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
The Town

Geomorphologic, stratigraphic, faunistic, palynological and carbon isotope analyses were carried out in the area of the Tiber river mouth. The results depict a complex palaeoenvironmental evolution in the area of the Roman town of Ostia, ascertain the changes of the Tiber river delta over the last 6000 years and support a re-interpretation of some archaeologic issues. The wave-dominated Tiber delta evolved through three distinct phases. In the first step (5000–2700 yr BP) a delta cusp was built at the river mouth, which was located north of the present outlet. Subsequently (2700–1900 BP), an abrupt southward migration of the river mouth determined the abandonment of the previous cusp and the progradation of a new one. The third step, which is still in progress, is marked by the appearance of a complex cusp made up of two distributary channels. The transition from the first to the second evolution phase occurred in the seventh century bc and was contemporary to the foundation of Ostia, as suggested by historical accounts. However, the oldest archaeological evidence of the town of Ostia dates to the fourth century bc, when human activity is clearly recorded also by pollen data. We suggest that the first human settlement (seventh century bc) consisted of ephemeral military posts, with the aim of controlling the strategic river mouth and establishing the Ostia saltworks. Only after the fourth century bc the coastal environment was stable enough for the foundation and development of the town of Ostia.

scholarly journals The Literary Evidence for the Topography of Thebes

1911 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 29-53
Author(s):  
A. W. Gomme
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Long Range ◽  
The South ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
The North ◽  
East And West ◽  
East End ◽  
The Town

Fabricius' view, based on archaeological evidence, that the lower town of Thebes extended over the high hills East and West of the Kadmeia (Pl. XIX. A) has in general been accepted by subsequent scholars: it has only been modified by the theory of Kalopais and Soteriádes, which makes the town extend yet further eastwards.How weak this archaeological evidence is, was shown by the criticisms of Wilamowitz and Frazer; and the literary evidence suggests quite a different view. It is to this that I wish to draw attention. Any theory based on such evidence is of course liable to be upset at any moment by fresh archaeological discoveries. But in the present uncertainty it may be useful to see to what theory this evidence seems to lead us.Thebes is situate towards the East end of the long range of low, cultivated hills, running eastwards from Helikon as far as Mount Sorós, and dividing the Aonian plain on the North from that of Leuktra and Plataia on the South. Here is a small group of hills, none of them rising much above the general height of the range, divided by the three streams flowing from. South to North, the Plakiótissa (identified with Dirke), a small and nameless brook, and the H. Joánnes (the ancient Ismenos)

scholarly journals Little Owl Athene noctua survey in the area of Ulcinj (S Montenegro) in 2015

Acrocephalus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (178-179) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Ivan Kljun ◽  
Dejan Bordjan
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Local Population ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Systematic Survey ◽  
Survey Point ◽  
Athene Noctua ◽  
The Town ◽  
Little Owl

Abstract Between 29 Mar and 10 Apr, 2015, a Little Owl Athene noctua survey was carried out using the playback method in the southern part of Montenegro. The study area was situated between the town of Ulcinj and the Bojana River delta. A total of 55 calling males were registered at 26 survey points with a maximum of 4 calling males per survey point. Considering the low response rate of the Little Owl, its local population was estimated at be 55–110 calling males. This study presents the first systematic survey of the Little Owl in Montenegro.

scholarly journals Spatial Pattern of the Vitality of Chinese Characteristic Towns: A Perspective from Nighttime Lights

Land ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Yuqing Zhang ◽  
Kun Shang ◽  
Zhipeng Shi ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Xueming Li
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
River Delta ◽  
East China ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
South Central ◽  
Nighttime Light Data ◽  
Nighttime Light ◽  
The Town

Nighttime light images are valuable indicators of regional economic development, and nighttime light data are now widely used in town monitoring and evaluation studies. Using the nighttime light data acquired through Luojia1-01 and the geographic information system spatial analysis method, this study analyzed the spatial vitality pattern of 402 characteristic towns in six geographic divisions of China. The average DN (Digital Number) value of Guzhen, having the highest vitality level, was 0.05665221, whereas that of Xin’an, having the lowest vitality level, was 0.00000186. A total of 89.5% of towns have a low level of vitality. The regional differences were significant; high vitality towns are concentrated in economically developed coastal areas, mainly in two large regions of east China and south central. The average lighting densities of the towns in east China and south central were 0.004838 and 0.003190, respectively. The lighting density of the towns in west central was low, and the vitality intensity was generally low. A spatially significant positive correlation of small-town vitality was observed, and “high–high” agglomeration was primarily distributed in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Fujian coastal areas in east and south China. The towns with high vitality intensity had similarities in their geographical location, convenient transportation conditions, and profound historical heritage or cultural accumulation along with many industrial enterprises. This research empirically demonstrates the feasibility of using the 130-m-high resolution of the nighttime lighting data of Luojia1-01 to evaluate the vitality at the town scale, and the vitality evaluation focuses on the spatial attributes of the town, which is meaningful to guide the development of the town in each region given the vast area of China and the large differences in the development of different regions.

scholarly journals Excavations at Palaikastro. II: § 2.—The Town

1903 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 277-280
Author(s):  
R. C. Bosanquet
Keyword(s):  
Greek Alphabet ◽  
East And West ◽  
The Town

The prehistoric town at Roussolakkos was laid out in regular blocks, each containing several houses. We went on the system of following up the streets and ascertaining the extent of an insula before excavating it. The blocks are named β, γ, δ and so on, and to each room as it is opened up a number is given, the Greek alphabet being used in order to avoid confusion with the letters and numbers by which the squares on the plan are denominated.The excavated area was surveyed by Mr R. M. Dawkins, who has prepared an excellent plan on which the walls of different periods are so far as possible distinguished; but another season must elapse before the problems of stratification can be handled with absolute confidence. The simplified copy reproduced in this provisional report has been redrawn from Mr Dawkins' plan by Herr Seyk, draughtsman to the German Archaeological Institute at Athens. The majority of the drawings of vases in this report are also Mr Dawkins' work, the remainder being by Mr Currelly and Mr Halvor Bagge.It should be noted that in the following articles we have adopted a conventional orientation following that of the plan; north, south, east, and west are used as though the top of the plan were due north.

Ice jam flood forecasting: Hay River, N.W.T.

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Stanley ◽  
R. Gerard
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
High Water ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
First Line ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Ice Jams ◽  
Ice Jam ◽  
Ice Regime ◽  
The Town ◽  
Gauging Station

Much of the town of Hay River, N.W.T., is located on the low-lying land of the Hay River delta, and is subject to severe ice jam floods every decade or so. As a first line of defence against these floods, it was proposed that an ice jam flood forecast procedure be developed. The major components of the study included a review of historical flood data, resident interviews, field surveys, and observations of the delta ice regime. It was found that a 1–2 day forecast of discharge in Hay River can be directly determined from discharges measured at a Water Survey of Canada gauging station upstream. From this and from an understanding of the breakup ice regime developed from the study as well as the water level–discharge relations determined for ice jams at three locations in the delta, it was possible to develop a first-generation ice jam flood forecasting procedure that gave a 1–2 day warning of high water at each of the three locations. The procedure was evaluated against the breakup events of 1988 and 1989 with reasonable success. The development and application of this procedure is described in the paper. Key words: rivers, floods, ice jams, forecasting.

Trends in the Prevalence of Atopic Eczema in East and West Germany

1998 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-376
Author(s):  
Schäfer ◽  
Krämer ◽  
Vieluf ◽  
Behrendt ◽  
Ring
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Eczema ◽  
West Germany ◽  
East And West Germany ◽  
East And West
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