Serological differentiation of the Ascochyta species on peas

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Madhosingh ◽  
V. R. Wallen
Keyword(s):  
Immune Serum ◽  
Complex Pattern ◽  
Serological Relationship ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Ascochyta Pinodes ◽  
Ascochyta Pisi ◽  
Precipitation Reactions ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Specific Reactions

Specific immune serum against Ascochyta pisi was developed and three species-specific reactions were obtained by standard absorption techniques using extracts of both Ascochyta pinodella and Ascochyta pinodes. Ouchterlony tests showed a complex pattern of precipitation reactions in agar gel between the antigens from the three species and antisera developed in response to them and indicated distinct serological relationships among the three fungi. The pattern of reciprocal precipitin reactions indicates a closer serological relationship between A. pinodella and A. pinodes than between either of these two species and A. pisi. Two serologically similar antigenic components were present in the extracts from the three species.

scholarly journals Genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction of model animals as a platform for translational research

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (30) ◽  
pp. e2102344118
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Jonathan L. Robinson ◽  
Pinar Kocabas ◽  
Johan Gustafsson ◽  
Mihail Anton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Metabolic Network ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Protein Overexpression ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Proteomics Data ◽  
Gm2 Ganglioside ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Specific Reactions ◽  
Genome Scale

Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) are used extensively for analysis of mechanisms underlying human diseases and metabolic malfunctions. However, the lack of comprehensive and high-quality GEMs for model organisms restricts translational utilization of omics data accumulating from the use of various disease models. Here we present a unified platform of GEMs that covers five major model animals, including Mouse1 (Mus musculus), Rat1 (Rattus norvegicus), Zebrafish1 (Danio rerio), Fruitfly1 (Drosophila melanogaster), and Worm1 (Caenorhabditis elegans). These GEMs represent the most comprehensive coverage of the metabolic network by considering both orthology-based pathways and species-specific reactions. All GEMs can be interactively queried via the accompanying web portal Metabolic Atlas. Specifically, through integrative analysis of Mouse1 with RNA-sequencing data from brain tissues of transgenic mice we identified a coordinated up-regulation of lysosomal GM2 ganglioside and peptide degradation pathways which appears to be a signature metabolic alteration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mouse models with a phenotype of amyloid precursor protein overexpression. This metabolic shift was further validated with proteomics data from transgenic mice and cerebrospinal fluid samples from human patients. The elevated lysosomal enzymes thus hold potential to be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis of AD. Taken together, we foresee that this evolving open-source platform will serve as an important resource to facilitate the development of systems medicines and translational biomedical applications.

Interference with the uptake of guinea-pig agglutinins in mice due to fractions of papain hydrolyzed rabbit γ-globulin

1963 ◽  
Vol 157 (967) ◽  
pp. 160-169 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Specific Receptor ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Suckling Mice ◽  
Absorptive Cells ◽  
Mouse Cells ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
To Receive

Antibodies from immune serum ingested by suckling mice and rats may enter into their circulations. The normal sera of certain species, when mixed with the immune serum administered, reduce the entry of antibodies. This effect was called interference. Interference with the uptake of guinea-pig agglutinins in mice due to rabbit serum and γ-globulin and to fragments I, II and III of rabbit γ-globulin, fractionated by the digestion method of Porter, is investigated. The effect of rabbit serum is due mostly, if not wholly, to its γ-globulin. Interference due to fragments I and II is negligible, whereas interference due to fragment III is at least 3.5 times greater than that due to the whole γ-globulin molecule. It is concluded that most of the configurations of the whole rabbit γ-globulin molecule which are recognized by mouse cells as heterologous are carried on fragment III. A hypothesis, which postulates a specific receptor within absorptive cells concerned with the transmission of antibodies across the gut of some young rodents, is discussed in the light of these results, when it is suggested that the receptor may be better adapted to receive the species-specific parts of antibody molecules rather than the residual or antibody reactive parts.

The variations in the antigenic composition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during the growth cycle as measured by the passive hemagglutination and precipitation reactions

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 681-688
Author(s):  
R. Turcotte
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Passive Hemagglutination ◽  
Antigenic Composition ◽  
Hemagglutination Test ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Precipitation Reactions

The erythrocyte-sensitizing ability (ESA), as measured by the bis-diazotized-benzidine hemagglutination test, was determined for the extractable and culture filtrate antigens of three strains of mycobacteria (H37Rv, H37Ra, and BCG). The ESA of the precipitated and supernatant fractions obtained from these preparations by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, was found to vary according to the age of the cultures: the concentration of antigens decreased in the bacillary extracts and increased in the corresponding culture filtrates with the aging of the mycobacterial cultures.The variation in the antigenic composition of bacterial extracts and of culture filtrates during the growth cycle was also demonstrated by immunodiffusion techniques in agar gel. However, all extractable antigens of a given Mycobacterium did not appear in the culture filtrates.

scholarly journals A Pathway Analysis Tool for Analyzing Microarray Data of Species with Low Physiological Information

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. W. te Pas ◽  
S. van Hemert ◽  
B. Hulsegge ◽  
A. J. W. Hoekman ◽  
M. H. Pool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microarray Data ◽  
Gene List ◽  
Microarray Experiment ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Pathway Information ◽  
Pathway Analysis Tool ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Specific Reactions

Pathway information provides insight into the biological processes underlying microarray data. Pathway information is widely available for humans and laboratory animals in databases through the internet, but less for other species, for example, livestock. Many software packages use species-specific gene IDs that cannot handle genomics data from other species. We developed a species-independent method to search pathways databases to analyse microarray data. Three PERL scripts were developed that use the names of the genes on the microarray. (1) Add synonyms of gene names by searching the Gene Ontology (GO) database. (2) Search the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database for pathway information using this GO-enriched gene list. (3) Combine the pathway data with the microarray data and visualize the results using color codes indicating regulation. To demonstrate the power of the method, we used a previously reported chicken microarray experiment investigating line-specific reactions to Salmonella infection as an example.

scholarly journals PASSIVE IMMUNITY IN AVIAN MALARIA

1940 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginald D. Manwell ◽  
Frederick Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Human Malaria ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Effect Of Therapy ◽  
Serum Therapy ◽  
Species Specific

The effect of therapy with immune serum has been studied in thirty-two cases of Plasmodium circumflexum infection, all of them produced by blood inoculation. Eighteen of these cases never showed parasites, and seven others developed infections which were definitely milder than those of the controls. The therapeutic serum was in all cases obtained from chronic cases which had previously been superinfected to raise the immune titre. It seems justifiable to conclude that: 1. Passive immunity can be conferred in avian malaria, at least when caused by Plasmodium circumflexum just as it can be in certain types of monkey malaria, and perhaps in human malaria as well. 2. Whatever the nature of the protective substances present in the serum of chronic cases may be, they are present in very low concentration. Their concentration can be raised by superinfection, however. These substances may be strain-specific or species-specific, but the results of these experiments do not give any clear-cut answer to this question. 3. Serum therapy previous to infection seems to be more effective than when given afterward. 4. The administration of normal serum or even of physiological saline in a dosage comparable to that employed with the immune serum used in these experiments produced similar macroscopic changes in the size of the spleen. 5. Agglutination of cells parasitized by Plasmodium circumflexurn when mixed with immune serum was observed.

EFFECT OF HEAT ON THE IMMUNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF HUMAN, BOVINE AND OVINE GROWTH HORMONE

1964 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvi Laron ◽  
Ariana Yed-Lekach ◽  
Sara Assa ◽  
Avivah Kowadlo-Silbergeld
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Precipitation Reaction ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Immunological Properties ◽  
Haemagglutination Test ◽  
Precipitation Reactions

ABSTRACT Human, bovine and sheep (ovine) growth hormone (HGH, BGH and SGH) were heated in solution at temperatures between 60 and 100 °C. The electrophoretic mobility and immunological properties, such as precipitation reactions in agar gel and haemagglutination with antiserum to untreated hormone, were studied at different degrees of heating. It was found that heat progressively reduced the immunological properties of the growth hormone; however, human growth hormone was more resistant to heat treatment than the bovine and sheep growth hormone. HGH retained precipitation properties when heated at 100° C up to 30 minutes, and reacted in the haemagglutination test when heated at 100° C for less than 60 minutes. BGH and SGH clotted at 100° C. The precipitation reaction with antiserum to BGH disappeared when BGH or SGH was heated at 70° C for more than 10 minutes. Only a weak haemagglutination reaction was retained when BGH or SGH was heated at 80° C for 15 minutes.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of micromycetes of the genus Fusarium Link, causative agents of rot of the core of apple fruits, to the active substances of modern fungicides

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Galina Yakuba ◽  
Irina Astapchuk ◽  
Andrey Nasonov
Keyword(s):  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Specific Reactions ◽  
Very High ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Apple Fruits

As a result of the studies, species-specific reactions of strains of the genus Fusarium Link of relative sensitivity to the active substances of chemical fungicides, in vitro, were noted. The drugs showed both very high biological effectiveness (BE) (100%) and very low (0 %). In suppressing the species F. sporotrichioides, the best result was shown by a mixed preparation based on fluopyram and pyrimethanil, as well as single-component - mefentrifluconazole and cyprodinil, for the species F. oxysporum - all three mixed preparations: fluopyram + pyrimethanil; tebuconazole + fluopyram and thiram + difenoconazole. It can be preliminarily concluded that the same active substances and their mixtures exhibit unequal activity against different strains of the same species from the genus Fusarium, the causative agent of apple core rot.

scholarly journals Morphological and Genotypic Characterization of Fungi Associated with the Ascochyta Blight Complex in Western Regions of Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
A. Tadja
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Ascochyta Pinodes ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Ascochyta Pisi

The study is conducted in two growing areas of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) in northwestern Algeria. Damages caused by Ascochyta sp complex are important in particular for the variety of Kelvedon Wonder. Observations carried out on the infected plants for several years, indicate the presence of superimposed necrosis of different sizes on all aerial organs. However, these observations do not differentiate symptoms by species. The results of morphological and molecular characterization with sequencing in internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and inoculation tests on 32 isolates in the laboratory of symbiosis and plant pathology from Toulouse (France), show a reconciliation of the sequencing by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products and size necrosis for all Ascochyta pinodes and pinodella. Alone, Ascochyta pisi is distinguished by a smaller size necrosis. On the molecular level, all isolates whose ITS regions were amplified by PCR, expresses similar size products (550 bp). This molecular weight is found on a large set of pathogenic fungi. The three species of Ascochyta sp complex do not exhibit polymorphism for Pisum sativum species and have an identical molecular weight. The pathogenicity tests performed showed differences in aggressiveness on the host plant. Ascochyta pinodes is the most aggressive than the other two species. As a result, it causes more damage to the crop.

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