Glycerol ester hydrolase, lipase, of Myxococcus xanthus FB

Glycerol ester hydrolase (EC. 3.1.1.3.), lipase, in liquid cultures of Myxococcus xanthus FB released up to 200–300 neq of fatty acids per milliliter per minute. Activity was assayed by the pH-stat method. Cells alone gave 0–14% and culture growth liquor alone 0–48% of the activity of a corresponding whole culture sample. Combinations when ranked according to their levels of activity in most cases followed in this order: culture direct, addition of cells to the corresponding supernatant solution during assay, recombination of the culture fluid with the corresponding cells, and the sum of the individual activities of cells and supernatant solution. Maximal activity with tributyrin as substrate was obtained at 25C and pH 8.3. Tricaprylin was the triglyceride most rapidly hydrolyzed. The active principle did not respond as a lipoprotein lipase when judged from its behavior with effectors of these enzymes.

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Ethyl and methyl oleate: A pitfall in the assay of adipose tissue glycerol ester hydrolase activity

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism ◽

10.1016/0005-2760(71)90183-4 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 239 (2) ◽

pp. 353-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J. Boyer ◽

J.Arnaud-Le Petit ◽

M. Charbonnier

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Methyl Oleate ◽

Hydrolase Activity ◽

Ester Hydrolase ◽

Glycerol Ester

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INACTIVATION AND DEGRADATION OF PORCINE CALCITONIN BY RAT LIVER, AND RELATIVE STABILITY OF SALMON CALCITONIN

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0480181 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 181-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

M. de LUISE ◽

T. J. MARTIN ◽

R. A. MELICK

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Salmon Calcitonin ◽

Trichloroacetic Acid ◽

Maximal Activity ◽

Active Principle ◽

Rat Tissues ◽

Prolonged Action ◽

High Potency ◽

Dose Dependent

SUMMARY Slices and homogenates of a number of rat tissues inactivated porcine calcitonin labelled with 125I; the most active tissue was the liver. Maximal activity was found in rat liver supernatant. The reaction was pH- and dose-dependent, the active principle was non-diffusible, inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate and EDTA, and destroyed by heat. Biological activity of calcitonin was lost parallel with the breakdown of the labelled calcitonin (as measured by loss of trichloroacetic acid precipitability). Salmon ultimobranchial calcitonin was much less susceptible to inactivation by rat liver supernatant than the porcine hormone, which may explain the high potency and prolonged action of the salmon hormone in the rat.

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Accumulation of α-Keto Acids as Essential Components in Cyanide Assimilation by Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB 11764

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.64.11.4452-4459.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 64 (11) ◽

pp. 4452-4459 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Daniel A. Kunz ◽

Jui-Lin Chen ◽

Guangliang Pan

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

Culture Fluid ◽

Maximal Activity ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Keto Acid ◽

Growth Substrate ◽

Reaction Products ◽

Cell Extracts ◽

Keto Acids ◽

Essential Components

ABSTRACT Pyruvate (Pyr) and α-ketoglutarate (αKg) accumulated when cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB 11764 were cultivated on growth-limiting amounts of ammonia or cyanide and were shown to be responsible for the nonenzymatic removal of cyanide from culture fluids as previously reported (J.-L. Chen and D. A. Kunz, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 156:61–67, 1997). The accumulation of keto acids in the medium paralleled the increase in cyanide-removing activity, with maximal activity (760 μmol of cyanide removed min−1 ml of culture fluid−1) being recovered after 72 h of cultivation, at which time the keto acid concentration was 23 mM. The reaction products that formed between the biologically formed keto acids and cyanide were unambiguously identified as the corresponding cyanohydrins by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Both the Pyr and α-Kg cyanohydrins were further metabolized by cell extracts and served also as nitrogenous growth substrates. Radiotracer experiments showed that CO2 (and NH3) were formed as enzymatic conversion products, with the keto acid being regenerated as a coproduct. Evidence that the enzyme responsible for cyanohydrin conversion is cyanide oxygenase, which was shown previously to be required for cyanide utilization, is based on results showing that (i) conversion occurred only when extracts were induced for the enzyme, (ii) conversion was oxygen and reduced-pyridine nucleotide dependent, and (iii) a mutant strain defective in the enzyme was unable to grow when it was provided with the cyanohydrins as a growth substrate. Pyr and αKg were further shown to protect cells from cyanide poisoning, and excretion of the two was directly linked to utilization of cyanide as a growth substrate. The results provide the basis for a new mechanism of cyanide detoxification and assimilation in which keto acids play an essential role.

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Glycerol Ester Hydrolase 9001-62-1

Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials ◽

10.1002/0471701343.sdp38733 ◽

2012 ◽

Keyword(s):

Ester Hydrolase ◽

Glycerol Ester

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Purification and Properties of a Glycerol Ester Hydrolase (Lipase) from Propionibacterium shermanii

Applied Microbiology ◽

10.1128/am.20.1.16-22.1970 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 16-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anders Oterholm ◽

Z. John Ordal ◽

Lloyd D. Witter

Keyword(s):

Propionibacterium Shermanii ◽

Ester Hydrolase ◽

Purification And Properties ◽

Glycerol Ester

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ARISTOTELIAN THEORY OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE LINGUISTIC TURN

Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy ◽

10.35634/2412-9550-2020-30-1-11-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 11-20

Author(s):

I.V. Zhurbina

Keyword(s):

Political Communication ◽

Active Form ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Public Affairs ◽

Active Principle ◽

Speech Communication ◽

Human Communication ◽

The Family ◽

Freedom Of Thought ◽

The Individual

The paper addresses the Aristotelian theory of the types of communication: family, community and state. The Aristotelian theory is examined through communication type, kind and individual differences. It is shown that the hierarchy of communication types is defined by the two extremes - speech and thinking. Speech is the generic principle of human communication. Thinking (λόγος) is viewed as an active form, an active principle of human communication. In the Aristotelian hierarchy, the lower level is represented by communication in the family and community, the essence of which is determined by speech. Communication in the family and community fosters the skill of judgment as worldly wisdom. The upper level is represented by political communication, the individual characteristics of which are determined by the form of thought, i.e. one of the methods of persuasion. The paper describes the meaning of political friendship as unanimity allowing citizens involved in political communication to reach agreement and act together for the benefit of all. The paper discusses the generic difference of political communication, which is determined by a specific combination of the form of thinking, i.e. the method of persuasion, with one of the three kinds of rhetorical speech: deliberative, judicial and epideictic (epideixis). The main focus of attention is the deliberative speech that most fully meets the tasks of discussing public affairs and making decisions. The relationship between politics and philosophy as a sphere of pure thinking is described in the context of political communication. It is established that the best political communication is the one in which rulers do not encroach on freedom of thought and freedom of philosophizing. The freedom of thought becomes the guarantor of the achievement of good, justice and equality in the state.

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