Spectrophotometric Analysis Evaluating Apical Microleakage in Retrograde Filling using GIC, MTA and Biodentine: An in-vitro study

Background The present study compares the apical microleakage of three different root-end filling materials in which the retrograde cavity is prepared by two different burs. Methods Eighty extracted single rooted maxillary and mandibular premolars were taken. Root canal treatment was completed. Apical 3 mm of all the teeth were resected with diamond disk. The tooth were divided into four groups with two subgroups for each group containing 10 tooth (N= 10) as: Group IA (Negative Control and IB (Positive Control); Group IIA and IIB: Prepared with round carbide bur and round diamond bur respectively, filled with GIC; Group IIIA and IIIB: Prepared with round carbide bur and round diamond bur respectively, filled with MTA; Group IVA and IVB: Prepared with round carbide bur and round diamond bur, filled with Biodentine. After applying two coats of nail varnish leaving apical 3 mm (except for negative control group) all teeth were immersed in 2% methylene blue for 3 days and again in 65% nitric acid for next 3 days for extraction of dye. The obtained solution was then transferred to eppendorf tube and centrifuged in microcentrifuges at 14,000 revolution per minutes (RPM) for 5 minutes. Optical density or absorbance of the supernatant solution was measured with UV spectrophotometer at 550 nm. Results The absorbance of the supernatant solution after dye extraction is decreasing in the order of positive control> GIC> MTA> Biodentine> negative control group. The significant difference was observed between GIC and MTA (p=0.0001) and GIC and Biodentine (p=0.0001) with two different burs but statistically non-significant difference was observed between MTA and Biodentine with Carbide bur (p=0.127) and Diamond bur (p=0.496) respectively. Conclusions Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that Biodentine and MTA showed less microleakage as compared to GIC. There is no significant difference between mean microleakage of MTA and Biodentine. However, the mean OD of the Biodentine was least of all evaluated materials. Preparation of the root-end using round carbide bur as well as round diamond burs showed comparable microleakage for all three filling materials.

Spectrophotometric Analysis Evaluating Apical Microleakage in Retrograde Filling using GIC, MTA and Biodentine: An in-vitro study

Background The present study compares the apical microleakage of three different root-end filling materials in which the retrograde cavity is prepared by two different burs.Methods Eighty extracted single rooted maxillary and mandibular premolars were taken. Root canal treatment was completed. Apical 3 mm of all the teeth were resected with diamond disk. The tooth were divided into four groups with two subgroups for each group containing 10 tooth (N= 10) as: Group IA (Negative Control and IB (Positive Control); Group IIA and IIB: Prepared with round carbide bur and round diamond bur respectively, filled with GIC; Group IIIA and IIIB: Prepared with round carbide bur and round diamond bur respectively, filled with MTA; Group IVA and IVB: Prepared with round carbide bur and round diamond bur, filled with Biodentine. After applying two coats of nail varnish leaving apical 3 mm (except for negative control group) all teeth were immersed in 2% methylene blue for 3 days and again in 65% nitric acid for next 3 days for extraction of dye. The obtained solution was then transferred to eppendorf tube and centrifuged in microcentrifuges at 14,000 revolution per minutes (RPM) for 5 minutes. Optical density or absorbance of the supernatant solution was measured with UV spectrophotometer at 550 nm.esults The absorbance of the supernatant solution after dye extraction is decreasing in the order of positive control> GIC> MTA> Biodentine> negative control group. The significant difference was observed between GIC and MTA (p=0.0001) and GIC and Biodentine (p=0.0001) with two different burs but statistically non-significant difference was observed between MTA and Biodentine with Carbide bur (p=0.127) and Diamond bur (p=0.496) respectively.Conclusions Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that Biodentine and MTA showed less microleakage as compared to GIC. There is no significant difference between mean microleakage of MTA and Biodentine. However, the mean OD of the Biodentine was least of all evaluated materials. Preparation of the root-end using round carbide bur as well as round diamond burs showed comparable microleakage for all three filling materials.

Spectrophotometric Analysis Evaluating Apical Microleakage in Retrograde Filling using GIC, MTA and Biodentine: An in-vitro study

Background The present study compares the apical microleakage of three different root-end filling materials in which the retrograde cavity is prepared by two different burs.Methods Eighty extracted single rooted maxillary and mandibular premolars were taken. Root canal treatment was completed. Apical 3 mm of all the teeth were resected with diamond disk. The tooth were divided into four groups with two subgroups for each group containing 10 tooth (N= 10) as: Group IA (Negative Control and IB (Positive Control); Group IIA and IIB: Prepared with round carbide bur and round diamond bur respectively, filled with GIC; Group IIIA and IIIB: Prepared with round carbide bur and round diamond bur respectively, filled with MTA; Group IVA and IVB: Prepared with round carbide bur and round diamond bur, filled with Biodentine. After applying two coats of nail varnish leaving apical 3 mm (except for negative control group) all teeth were immersed in 2% methylene blue for 3 days and again in 65% nitric acid for next 3 days for extraction of dye. The obtained solution was then transferred to eppendorf tube and centrifuged in microcentrifuges at 14,000 revolution per minutes (RPM) for 5 minutes. Optical density or absorbance of the supernatant solution was measured with UV spectrophotometer at 550 nm.Results The absorbance of the supernatant solution after dye extraction is decreasing in the order of positive control> GIC> MTA> Biodentine> negative control group. The significant difference was observed between GIC and MTA (p=0.0001) and GIC and Biodentine (p=0.0001) with two different burs but statistically non-significant difference was observed between MTA and Biodentine with Carbide bur (p=0.127) and Diamond bur (p=0.496) respectively.Conclusions Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that Biodentine and MTA showed less microleakage as compared to GIC. There is no significant difference between mean microleakage of MTA and Biodentine. However, the mean OD of the Biodentine was least of all evaluated materials. Preparation of the root-end using round carbide bur as well as round diamond burs showed comparable microleakage for all three filling materials.

Soil Adsorption Phenomena

Adsorption experiments involving soil particles typically are performed in a sequence of three steps: (1) reactio of an adsorptive (ion or molecule) with a soil contacting an aqueous solution of known composition under controlled temperature and applied pressure for a prescribed period of time, (2) separationof the wet soil slurry from the supernatant aqueous solution, and (3) quantitationof the ion or molecule of interest, both in the aqueous solution and in the separated soil slurry along with its entrained soil solution. The reaction step can be performed in either a closed system (batch reactor) or an open system (flow-through reactor), and it can proceed over a time period that is either relatively short (to investigate adsorption kinetics) or very long (to investigate adsorption equilibration). The separation step is similarly open to choice, with centrifugation, filtration, or gravitational settling being conventional methods to achieve separation. The quantitation step, in principle, should be designed not only to determine the moles of adsorbate and unreacted adsorptive, but also to verify whether unwanted side reactions, such as precipitation of the adsorptive or dissolution of the adsorbent, have influenced the experiment. After reaction between an adsorptive i and a soil adsorbent, the moles of i adsorbed per kilogram of dry soil is calculated with the standard equation ni ≡ niT − Mwmi where niT is the total moles of species i per kilogram dry soil in a slurry (batch process) or a soil column (flow-through process), Mw is the gravimetric water content of the slurry or soil column (measured in kilograms water per kilogram dry soil), and mi is the molality (moles per kilogram water) of species i in the supernatant solution (batch process) or effluent solution (flow-through process). Equation 8.1 defines the surface exces, ni, of an ion or molecule adsorptive that has become an adsorbate. Formally, ni is the excess number of moles of i per kilogram soil relative to its molality in the supernatant solution. As mentioned in Section 7.2, this surface excess may be a positive, zero, or negative quantity.

Diversity of Cell Wall Composition and Saccharides Production with H2SO4 Pretreatment in Bioenergy Material: Miscanthus

Miscanthus is a high yielding bioenergy crop which has been tested as substrate for the bioprocess. In this study, we selected four typical pairs of Miscanthus samples which present different cell wall compositions. The sample shows significant difference in saccharine production with different concentration pretreatment of H2SO4(0.5%, 1.0%, and 4.0%). Much more pentose (about 15.0% -30.0%) was extracted in the supernatant solution; and no significant difference between four species. The hexose yield of all samples is disciplinary and not in order. Direct enzymatic hydrolysis of the H2SO4presoaked biomass was found to give higher hexose yields of 6.0%–13.0%, but low pentose yields of 1.5%–3.0%.Higher H2SO4concentration resulted in more hexose, but less pentose in enzymatic hydrolysis, while they exhibit good tendency in saccharin yields between four typical pairs.

Diversity of Cell Wall Composition and Saccharides Production with NaOH Pretreatment in Bioethanol Material: Miscanthus

Miscanthus is a high yielding bioenergy crop. In this study, we selected four typical pairs of Miscanthus samples which presents different cell wall compositions. After different concentration pretreatment of NaOH (0.5%, 1.0%, 4.0%), four species shows significant difference in saccharine production. Much more xylose was extracted in the supernatant solution; the average glucose yield of all samples was about 2.0% in the concentration of 4.0%, which while the xylose yield was 12.0%. Direct enzymatic hydrolysis of the NaOH presoaked biomass was found to give higher glucose yields of 11–26%, and low xylose yields of 11–15%.Lower concentration of NaOH resulted in distinct differences in both glucose and xylose hydrolysis yields.

A Novel Organic Electron Donor Derived from N-Methylisatin

We report the reactivity of an electron donor derived from N-methylisatin on reduction by sodium amalgam. Transfer of a clear supernatant solution to iodoarenes affords the products of two-electron reduction. Reductions of sulfones, activated arenesulfonamides, and Weinreb amides are also reported.

Validation of Immuno-Magnetic Chromatography As a Novel Method for the in Situ enrichment of Plasma Cells in Bone Marrow.

Abstract 2930 Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the clonal proliferation of terminally differentiated plasma cells. These dyscrasias range from the phenotypically benign monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS), to the clinically significant form, multiple myeloma (MM). Molecular cytogenetic abnormalities are one of the measures that has been used to stratify patients. As the clinical cut-off values for individual fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes can exceed the total percentage of abnormal plasma cells within a specimen, the International Myeloma Workshop Consensus Panel recommends analysis for genetic abnormalities by FISH, preferably after plasma cell sorting, as one means to stratify patients into standard risk or high risk categories. Purpose: We present a novel method for plasma cell isolation in which antibody coated para-magnetic immunobeads are used in a two-step separation process that deposits an enriched population of CD138+ plasma cells directly onto a predefined area of a microscope slide in a manner suitable for subsequent staining and FISH analyses. Materials and Methods: The clinical materials utilized were appropriately anonymized extraneous volumes of bone marrow aspirates obtained after all routine clinical testing requests had been fulfilled. Briefly, 100ml of bone marrow is incubated with a blocking buffer and paramagnetic immunobeads covalently conjugated to anti-CD138 antibody (WaveSense, Irvine, CA) for 45 minutes at room temperature with gentle agitation. Primary enrichment is achieved when the tube is placed in a magnetic dock for 15 minutes allowing the paramagnetic immunobead-plasma cell-complexes to sediment on the side of the reaction tube. Unbound cells remain in the supernatant solution which is gently removed. The cells from the supernatant are still suitable for additional analysis for hematologic disorders not involving a CD138+ lineage. The residual CD138+ cell population is resuspended in blocking buffer. This enriched cell suspension is pipetted into an EpiSep® (WaveSense, Irvine, CA) chambered slide. As the solution diffuses through the unit, the suspended plasma cell-paramagnetic bead complexes are immobilized at the slide's surface as they pass close to a fixed magnet in the slide dock while the residual supernatant solution is eluted into adjacent chambers containing compact absorbent pads. A small volume of Carnoy's fixative is introduced through the EpiSep port to affect an initial fixation of the captured plasma cells deposited on the microscope slide's surface. The unit is then manually separated from the microscope slide. Samples were analyzed with a panel of FISH probes to assess copy number changes for chromosomes 5, 7, 13, 1p/1q, 17p and t(4;14), t(11;14) and t(14;16). Results: Bone marrow from 32 patients with indications of possible or known plasma cell disorders were enriched for CD138+ plasma cells. Conventional non-enriched FISH analysis detected reportable abnormalities in 11 (34%) of patients. With enrichment, abnormalities were detected in 21 (66%) of patients. When compared to abnormalities detected by FISH on non-enriched marrow, new abnormalities were detected in 14 (44%) of cases. Of the14 cases, 5 (36%) cases had abnormalities that shifted the prognosis from standard risk to high. An additional 3 cases (21%) had patterns consistent with an uncharacterized IGH rearrangement which may also hold a higher risk. The increased rate of abnormal cells ranged from 1.2x to 44.0x with an average increase of 9.7x. Cut-off values for the FISH analysis with this enrichment method were comparable to other methods of plasma cell enrichment. Discussion and Conclusions: We evaluated the use of a novel method to isolate and present only the target cell lineage. Deposition of a sorted plasma cell suspension via a slide chamber limits loss of plasma cells and confines these cells to a defined area for analysis. This method preserves cell morphology and avoids loss of cells that can occur with manual slide dropping methods. We found this strategy significantly increased both the sensitivity of detection levels and accuracy for determinations of these low-level, clinically prognostic genetic alterations while reducing the amount of bone marrow required for complete FISH analysis. Disclosures: MacPhee: WaveSense: Consultancy.

Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Batang Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria) pada Artemia salina Leach.

AbstrakEfek toksisitas pinang yaki (Areca vestaria) sebagai tumbuhan obat potensial perlu diuji untuk mengetahui ambang batas penggunaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji tingkat toksisitas ekstrak batang pinang yaki terhadap larva Artemia salina Leach. dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test. Ekstrak diencerkan dengan konsentrasi 200, 400, 600 dan 800 ppm masing-masing untuk supernatan rendaman pertama (larutan A),supernatan rendaman ke dua (larutan B) dan supernatan rendaman ke tiga (larutan C) . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak batang pinang yaki mempunyai efek toksisitas dengan nilai LC50 sebesar 398,28 ppm untuk larutan A, 390,84 ppm untuk larutan B dan 438,53 ppm untuk larutan C.Kata kunci: batang Areca vestaria,LC50, uji toksisitasAbstractToxicity effect of pinang yaki (Areca vestiaria) as potential medicinal plant should be evaluated to know its application threshold. This research aimed to evaluate the toxicity level of pinang yaki trunk extract on larve of Artemia salina Leach. using the method of Brine Shrimp Lethality Test. Extract was diluted to concentration of 200, 400, 600 and 800 ppm each for solution A (first soaking supernatant), solution B (second soaking supernatant)and solution C (third soaking supernatant). The result of this research showed that extract of pinang yaki trunk had a toxic characteristic, with LC50 value was 398,28, 390,84, and 438,53 ppm respectively for solution A, B and C.Keywords: LC50 , toxicity test, trunk of Areca vestaria