Urease activity related to the growth and differentiation of swarmer cells of Proteus mirabilis

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianru Jin ◽  
R. G. E. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Maximum Proportion ◽  
The Media ◽  
Urease Production ◽  
Different Strains

Urease activity was measured using whole cells of both long (swarming) and short (nonswarming) populations of Proteus mirabilis from casein hydrolysate agar (CHA) and broth (CHB) cultures, and from brain heart infusion broth (BHIB) cultures. Urease is a constitutive enzyme for both long and short cells, but its activity was tremendously increased when urea was incorporated into the media. Urease production was also affected by culture age and media used. Before exponential phase, urease activity was very low, and it increased to its highest point after about 4 h in BHIB and 8 h in both CHA and CHB cultures at 37 °C. Long cells had higher urease activity than did short cells when grown on CHA, and was also expressed by two different strains cultured in BHIB. Strain PM23, in BHIB, was able to form long cells (swarming cells) to a maximum proportion after about 4 h, but strain IM47 could not differentiate in any of the liquid media. The former had more urease when swarming differentiation was initiated. PM23 grew relatively faster than IM47 when the former began to differentiate, but this fast growth could not be observed when nutrient broth or minimal medium was used. These observations suggest that long or swarming cells are "faster growing" rather than "nongrowing bactera."

scholarly journals The influence of disinfection methods and liquid phase media on Paphiopedilum insigne seeds germination and media supplements on morphological features of protocorms in tissue culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Monika Poniewozik ◽  
Marzena Parzymies ◽  
Paweł Szot
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Whole Seed ◽  
Media Supplements

Paphiopedilum is a very original orchid, which labellum resembles a slipper. It is cultivated as a cut flower or a pot plant. The aim of the presented work was to estimate the influence of a disinfection method and addition of a liquid media on germination of Paphiopedilum insigne seeds in vitro. The whole seed capsules were disinfected with the use of 0.5% of AgNO3 for 20 min, 0.1% of HgCl2 for 5 s, 1% NaOCl for 30 min or immersed in a 96% ethanol and burned in a direct flame. The disinfected seeds were placed on a 1/4 MS (Murashige and Skoog) solidified media on top of which a liquid phase containing 1/4 MS elements, GA3 in concentration of 400 mg·dm–3 or distilled sterile water were added. The media without the liquid phase was also tested. It was noted that all methods of disinfection used effectively reduced contaminations of Paphiopedilum insigne seeds. The highest germination rate was observed when capsules were direct flamed and the liquid phase was added on top of the solidified media. The influence of growth regulators (BA, TDZ, KIN and 2,4-D) and casein hydrolysate added to the media on the morphological features of the obtained plants was also tested. It was observed that the most regenerated protocorms of the best quality were obtained when the media was supplemented with 1 mg·dm–3 of BA + 2 mg·dm–3 of TDZ or 5 mg·dm–3 of KIN + 1 mg·dm–3 of BA.

scholarly journals Optimum conditions for Prodigiosin production by Serratia marcescens S11

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Abdulkareem Jasim ◽  
Hameed M. Jasim ◽  
Isra'a M. Dhahi
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphate Source ◽  
Initial Medium

Different nutritional and cultural factors were studied to determine the optimum conditions for prodigiosin production by Serratia marcescens S11 in a batch culture of brain-heart infusion broth medium. These factors include carbon source and its concentration, nitrogen source and its concentration, phosphate source, temperature and pH. Results showed that the optimum conditions for prodigiosin production were achieved when the production medium was supplemented with olive oil and casein hydrolysate as a carbon and nitrogen sources respectively in a concentration of 1.5% for broth, KH2PO4 as a phosphate source at initial medium pH8, and incubation at 28°C for 24 hours. Under these optimal conditions, prodigiosin activity produced by Serratia marcescens S11 in culture medium was increased from 200 U/cell before optimization to 3000 U/cell.

scholarly journals Deacidification by FhlA-dependent hydrogenase is involved in urease activity and urinary stone formation in uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Yuan Lin ◽  
Shwu-Jen Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Proteus mirabilis is an important uropathogen, featured with urinary stone formation. Formate hydrogenlyase (FHL), consisting of formate dehydrogenase H and hydrogenase for converting proton to hydrogen, has been implicated in virulence. In this study, we investigated the role of P. mirabilis FHL hydrogenase and the FHL activator, FhlA. fhlA and hyfG (encoding hydrogenase large subunit) displayed a defect in acid resistance. fhlA and hyfG mutants displayed a delay in medium deacidification compared to wild-type and ureC mutant failed to deacidify the medium. In addition, loss of fhlA or hyfG decreased urease activity in the pH range of 5–8. The reduction of urease activities in fhlA and hyfG mutants subsided gradually over the pH range and disappeared at pH 9. Furthermore, mutation of fhlA or hyfG resulted in a decrease in urinary stone formation in synthetic urine. These indicate fhlA- and hyf-mediated deacidification affected urease activity and stone formation. Finally, fhlA and hyfG mutants exhibited attenuated colonization in mice. Altogether, we found expression of fhlA and hyf confers medium deacidification via facilitating urease activity, thereby urinary stone formation and mouse colonization. The link of acid resistance to urease activity provides a potential strategy for counteracting urinary tract infections by P. mirabilis.

scholarly journals The Pathogenic Potential of Proteus mirabilis Is Enhanced by Other Uropathogens during Polymicrobial Urinary Tract Infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsie E. Armbruster ◽  
Sara N. Smith ◽  
Alexandra O. Johnson ◽  
Valerie DeOrnellas ◽  
Kathryn A. Eaton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Urinary catheter use is prevalent in health care settings, and polymicrobial colonization by urease-positive organisms, such as Proteus mirabilis and Providencia stuartii, commonly occurs with long-term catheterization. We previously demonstrated that coinfection with P. mirabilis and P. stuartii increased overall urease activity in vitro and disease severity in a model of urinary tract infection (UTI). In this study, we expanded these findings to a murine model of catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI), delineated the contribution of enhanced urease activity to coinfection pathogenesis, and screened for enhanced urease activity with other common CAUTI pathogens. In the UTI model, mice coinfected with the two species exhibited higher urine pH values, urolithiasis, bacteremia, and more pronounced tissue damage and inflammation compared to the findings for mice infected with a single species, despite having a similar bacterial burden within the urinary tract. The presence of P. stuartii, regardless of urease production by this organism, was sufficient to enhance P. mirabilis urease activity and increase disease severity, and enhanced urease activity was the predominant factor driving tissue damage and the dissemination of both organisms to the bloodstream during coinfection. These findings were largely recapitulated in the CAUTI model. Other uropathogens also enhanced P. mirabilis urease activity in vitro, including recent clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We therefore conclude that the underlying mechanism of enhanced urease activity may represent a widespread target for limiting the detrimental consequences of polymicrobial catheter colonization, particularly by P. mirabilis and other urease-positive bacteria.

Further studies on the differentiation of Clostridium sordellii from Clostridium bifermentans by gas chromatography

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1071-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Brooks ◽  
V. R. Dowell ◽  
D. C. Farshy ◽  
A. Y. Armfield
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Carbohydrate Composition ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Cultural Medium ◽  
Urease Production ◽  
Clostridium Bifermentans ◽  
Trimethylsilyl Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of

Amines produced by 31 strains of the Clostridium bifermentans and C. sordellii groups were compared by examining trifluoroaceticanhydride derivatives of basic chloroform extracts from spent cultural medium by gas–liquid chromatography (g.l.c.). All of the urease-positive strains (16) exhibited an amine profile consistent with that of C. sordellii. On the other hand, 12 of 15 urease-negative strains produced amine g.l.c. patterns like that of C. bifermentans, and three strains produced amine patterns identical with that of C. sordellii. The carbohydrate composition of some of the strains was determined by g.l.c. of trimethylsilyl derivatives of acid-digested formamide extracts of whole cells. Two of the three urease-negative strains with amine profiles like C. sordellii had a carbohydrate composition similar to that of C. sordellii, and the other strain had a carbohydrate profile more like that of C. bifermentans. One known strain of C. bifermentans had a carbohydrate profile with characteristics of both C. bifermentans and C. sordellii. The results of this study point out the variability of urease production by C. sordellii and the value of gas chromatography in differentiating this organism from C. bifermentans.

The Influence of Liquid Media on the Fracture Strength of Polysilicon Nanostructures

2012 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
Daniel Peter ◽  
Michael Dalmer ◽  
Alfred Lechner ◽  
Alexander M. Gigler ◽  
Robert W. Stark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Strength ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Self Assembled Monolayer ◽  
Fracture Force ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
The Media ◽  
Reported Data

The mechanical stability of nanostructures depends on the surrounding medium. Their stability was probed by lateral force microscopy in liquid media. Previously reported data on water and isopropanol showed an increase in the fracture strength for the latter. Further tests with other alcohols (ethanol, 1-butanol) also showed an increasing strength. The interface between the liquid and the surface is the decisive factor for the influence of the media. When altering the interface with a cationic surfactant or a self-assembled monolayer, an increase of the fracture force by 100 % compared to de-ionized water could be measured.

Growth of the haploid and diploid phases of Physarum flavicomum in the same partially defined media

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 967-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry R. Henney Jr. ◽  
Mortaza Asgari ◽  
Mary R. Henney
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Phase Cell ◽  
Shake Culture ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Stationary Culture ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Culture Growth

The haploid phase (myxamoebae-swarm cells) of the myxomycete Physarum flavicomum variety 1 grows readily in partially defined liquid media, which were developed for the culture of the diploid plasmodial phase. Cell yields of between 2 × 107 and 4 × 107 cells/ml are obtained in these media in aerobic shake culture. Growth rates are more rapid in shake culture than in stationary culture but growth does not occur in anaerobic conditions. The simpler of the two media contains salts, glucose, biotin, thiamine, hematin, and casein hydrolysate. Haploid cells consume about half as much oxygen per milligram protein per hour as the diploid microplasmodia growing in the same medium.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF CARBOHYDRATES ON THE CULTIVATION OF SPIROCHETES

1917 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seinai Akatsu
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Spore Form ◽  
The Media ◽  
Favorable Influence ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Frequent Presence ◽  
Fluid Culture

Various carbohydrates have been added to the fluid cultures of different strains of spirochetes in order to determine the behavior of the latter toward the carbohydrates. In the present experiment, amygdalin, arabinose, beerwort, dextrin, galactose, glycogen, glucose, inulin, lactose, levulose, maltose, mannite, raffinose, saccharose, and starch were tested with seven strains of Treponema pallidum and one strain each of Treponema calligyrum, Treponema microdentium, Treponema mucosum, and Spirochata refringens. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. In the media containing glycogen and glucose, Treponema microdentium did not grow as vigorously as in other sugar media, and an earlier degeneration set in. One strain of the pallidum and the calligyrum and mucosum showed a poor growth in the glycogen medium. Similarly, there was little growth in the second transfer of these spirochetes in the glucose medium. The growth of the spirochetes in the media containing carbohydrates other than those Just mentioned was generally good, and no difference could be distinguished between these and the control cultures without any carbohydrate. The only phenomenon which might be interpreted as indicating a favorable influence of these media upon growth was the abundant growth of the mucosum, which showed uniform length, regular curves, and active motility somewhat better than in the sugar-free medium. 2. The height of acidity was found in the cultures containing glycogen and glucose in the microdentium, amounting to 0.1 N 4.8 cc. for 10 cc. of the fluid culture. In the other sugar media the acidity varied between 0.1 N 2 cc. and 0.1 N 3.2 cc. for the same amount. In the control cultures, the acidity fluctuated from 0.1 N 0.8 cc. to 0.1 N 2 cc. There was no visible alteration in the appearance of the media after the spirochetes had grown for 3 or 4 weeks. In the case of Treponema microdenlium, a slight opalescence developed in the glycogen and glucose media after several weeks' standing, but there was no precipitation or coagulation of the proteins of the culture media. 3. There was no unusual morphological change in the spirochetes grown in the media containing any of the carbohydrates employed. The only phenomena which should be mentioned are (a) the frequent presence of the terminal appendages (or projections) in the refringens, and in most of the pallidum strains, and (b) the appearance of minute, retractile spherical bodies along the side of the spirochetes in the microdenlium cultivated in the glucose or glycogen media. Judging from the earlier degeneration of the species in the above mentioned media, these peculiar bodies may be interpreted as indicating a phase of plasmoptysis associated with the unfavorable surroundings prior to degeneration. Experimental evidence was not found for considering these spherules as a resistant or spore form of the spirochete.

scholarly journals Analysis of Germination Capacity and Germinant Receptor (Sub)clusters of Genome-Sequenced Bacillus cereus Environmental Isolates and Model Strains

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja K. Warda ◽  
Yinghua Xiao ◽  
Jos Boekhorst ◽  
Marjon H. J. Wells-Bennik ◽  
Masja N. Nierop Groot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Germination Response ◽  
Natural Isolates ◽  
Heat Activation ◽  
Different Strains

ABSTRACT Spore germination of 17 Bacillus cereus food isolates and reference strains was evaluated using flow cytometry analysis in combination with fluorescent staining at a single-spore level. This approach allowed for rapid collection of germination data under more than 20 conditions, including heat activation of spores, germination in complex media (brain heart infusion [BHI] and tryptone soy broth [TSB]), and exposure to saturating concentrations of single amino acids and the combination of alanine and inosine. Whole-genome sequence comparison revealed a total of 11 clusters of operons encoding germinant receptors (GRs): GerK, GerI, and GerL were present in all strains, whereas GerR, GerS, GerG, GerQ, GerX, GerF, GerW, and GerZ (sub)clusters showed a more diverse presence/absence in different strains. The spores of tested strains displayed high diversity with regard to their sensitivity and responsiveness to selected germinants and heat activation. The two laboratory strains, B. cereus ATCC 14579 and ATCC 10987, and 11 food isolates showed a good germination response under a range of conditions, whereas four other strains (B. cereus B4085, B4086, B4116, and B4153) belonging to phylogenetic group IIIA showed a very weak germination response even in BHI and TSB media. Germination responses could not be linked to specific (combinations of) GRs, but it was noted that the four group IIIA strains contained pseudogenes or variants of subunit C in their gerL cluster. Additionally, two of those strains (B4086 and B4153) carried pseudogenes in the gerK and gerR I (sub)clusters that possibly affected the functionality of these GRs. IMPORTANCE Germination of bacterial spores is a critical step before vegetative growth can resume. Food products may contain nutrient germinants that trigger germination and outgrowth of Bacillus species spores, possibly leading to food spoilage or foodborne illness. Prediction of spore germination behavior is, however, very challenging, especially for spores of natural isolates that tend to show more diverse germination responses than laboratory strains. The approach used has provided information on the genetic diversity in GRs and corresponding subclusters encoded by B. cereus strains, as well as their germination behavior and possible associations with GRs, and it provides a basis for further extension of knowledge on the role of GRs in B. cereus (group member) ecology and transmission to the host.

The polar lipids and free sugars of Frankia in culture

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2834-2842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary F. Lopez ◽  
Carol S. Whaling ◽  
John G. Torrey
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Phosphatidyl Inositol ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Cyanobacterium Anabaena ◽  
The Media ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

To further the identification of characteristics common to Frankia strains, the phospholipids and sugars which are readily extracted with chloroform–methanol from whole cells were examined using nine strains of Frankia. Separation of extract components was achieved by thin-layer chromatography. In agreement with previous reports we have identified two phospholipids, phosphatidyl inositol and diphosphatidyl glycerol, in eight of the strains tested. All strains contained a glucose disaccharide which we have tentatively identified as trehalose on the basis of (i) comparative thin-layer and paper chromatography with standards, (ii) examination of the hydrolyzed product, and (iii) tests for reducing versus nonreducing sugars. In addition, a hexose with the chromatographic properties of glucose was observed in cultures grown on M6B complex medium. The presence of the phospholipids in Frankia strains was not affected by the age of the culture or the media on which they grew. However, the disaccharide was not present in cultures over 60 days of age, suggesting it is involved in metabolic processes. In addition, comparisons were made between extracts from Frankia and the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis to determine if the glycolipids which are unique to Anabaena heterocysts are present in Frankia. These two organisms appear to have an unidentified lipid in common, but glycolipids comparable with those in Anabaena were not found in the Frankia cultures examined.

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