Influence of aerobic microorganisms upon virus survival in soil

Survival of human poliovirus type 1 in a sandy loam soil appeared to be deleteriously influenced by aerobic microorganisms. This effect was determined by comparing the survival of virus in soil under four different possible combinations of aerobic versus anaerobic (H2–CO2) atmosphere and sterile versus nonsterile condition. Storage of samples was done in humid chambers to prevent soil desiccation. The effect attributed to aerobic microorganisms was measurable and statistically significant at all three incubation temperatures used in the study (1, 23, and 37 °C), with the increase in inactivation rate attributable to aerobic microorganisms generally being two to threefold. No comparable effect was observed to occur for anaerobic microorganisms under the sets of conditions employed in the study.

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Inactivation of coliphage MS-2 and poliovirus by copper, silver, and chlorine

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m92-072 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 430-435 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Moyasar T. Yahya ◽

Timothy M. Straub ◽

Charles P. Gerba

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Enteric Viruses ◽

Silver Ions ◽

Water Systems ◽

Free Chlorine ◽

Inactivation Rate ◽

Swimming Pools ◽

Poliovirus Type ◽

Test Systems

The efficacy of electrolytically generated copper and silver ions (400 and 40 μg/L, respectively) was evaluated separately and in combination with free chlorine (0.2 and 0.3 mg/L) for the inactivation of coliphage MS-2 and poliovirus type 1 in water at pH 7.3. The inactivation rate was calculated as log10 reduction/min: k = −(log10Ct/C0)/t. The inactivation of both viruses was at least 100 times slower in water containing 400 and 40 μg/L copper and silver, respectively (k = 0.023 and 0.0006 for MS-2 and poliovirus, respectively), compared with water containing 0.3 mg/L free chlorine (k = 4.88 and 0.036). Significant increases in the inactivation rates of both viruses were observed in test systems containing 400 and 40 μg/L copper and silver, respectively, with 0.3 mg/L free chlorine when compared with the water systems containing either metals or free chlorine alone. Poliovirus was approximately 10 times more resistant to the disinfectants than coliphage MS-2. This observation suggests either a synergistic or an additive effect between the metals and chlorine for inactivation of enteric viruses. Use of copper and silver ions in water systems currently used in swimming pools and spas may provide an alternative to high levels of chlorination. Key words: enteric viruses, poliovirus, coliphage MS-2, bacteriophage, disinfection, inactivation, copper, silver, chlorine.

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Dissipation and Phytotoxicity of Dicamba

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500030769 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 3-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

R. R. Hahn ◽

O. C. Burnside ◽

T. L. Lavy

Keyword(s):

Sandy Loam ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Soil Incubation ◽

Growth Reduction ◽

Clay Loam Soil ◽

Silty Clay Loam ◽

Cucumber Seedlings ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Incubation Temperatures

Dissipation of 2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid (dicamba) was greater in Sharpsburg silty clay loam soil than in Anselmo sandy loam soil and was faster in the topsoil than in the subsoil. Breakdown increased with increasing soil incubation temperatures. Phytotoxicity of dicamba and 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (amiben) in aqueous solutions decreased upon exposure to sunlight. Amiben was more susceptible to photodecomposition than was dicamba. Aqueous dicamba solutions exposed to sunlight for 16 days decreased growth of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings, while amiben solutions caused no growth reduction after 2 days' sunlight exposure. Dicamba solutions exposed to 60 C showed increased phytotoxicity while amiben solutions were unaffected. Dicamba was most phytotoxic to corn (Zea mays L.) seedlings at pH 4 and to cucumber seedlings at pH 5. Dicamba solutions were taken up by both shoots and roots of corn and cucumber seedlings; however, root uptake resulted in greater growth reductions.

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Emissions of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide associated with the decomposition of arable crop residues on a sandy loam soil in Eastern England

Agronomie ◽

10.1051/agro:2002057 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 22 (7-8) ◽

pp. 731-738 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Roland Harrison ◽

Sharon Ellis ◽

Roy Cross ◽

James Harrison Hodgson

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Arable Crop ◽

Loam Soil

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Effect of Bio and Organic Fertilizers on Pumpkin's (Cucurbita pepo L.) Leave Content of N, P, and K

Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Agriculture Sciences (QJAS) (P-ISSN 2077-5822 E-ISSN 2617-1479) ◽

10.33794/qjas.vol10.iss1.104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 241-245

Author(s):

Ammar Hameed Madi ◽

Jawad A. Kamal Al-Shibani

Keyword(s):

Cucurbita Pepo ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

College Of Agriculture ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Four Levels

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of bacterial bio-fertilization A. chroococcum and P. putide and four levels of compost (0, 1, 2, 3) tons.h-1 on the leaves content of N.P.K elements. The experiment was carried out in one of the greenhouses of the College of Agriculture - University of Al-Qadisiyah during fall season 2018-2019. It designed in accordance with the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates in sandy loam soil. The means of treatments were compared with the least significant difference (LSD) at (5)% probability level. The results present that the treatments of A. chroococcum, P. putide and compost at (3) tons.kg-1 significantly increases the leaves content of K.P.K compared to all other treatments in the flowering stage (4.970, 0.5000, and 4.930) mg.kg-1, respectively. This treatment was followed by the effect of the treatment of A. chroococcum and compost at (3) tons.kg-1, which increases the values of all traits except the leaf content of (P). Bio-fertilizer with P. putide + A. chroococcum significantly increases the leaves' content of P.

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The effect of conservation tillage systems on sustainability of soil biological state of sandy loam soil in corn monoculture

Cereal Research Communications ◽

10.1556/crc.35.2007.2.139 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 721-724 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Péter László ◽

Miklós Dombos ◽

Csaba Gyuricza

Keyword(s):

Sandy Loam ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Biological State

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INFLUENCE OF UNCONVENTIONAL FERTILIZERS ON MICROBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SODDY-PODZOLY SANDY SOIL

Agro-industrial technologies of the Central Russia ◽

10.24888/2541-7835-2020-18-84-87 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 84-87

Author(s):

Yu.V. Leonova ◽

◽

T.A. Spasskaya ◽

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Sandy Soil ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Microbiological Activity ◽

Coffee Waste ◽

Loam Soil

The change in the microbiological activity of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil when using coffee waste and sewage sludge as a fertilizer for oats in comparison with traditional fertilizers is considered. During the study, it was determined that the predominant groups were bacteria and actinomycetes. Bacilli and fungi are few in number. The introduction of sewage sludge and coffee waste into the sod-podzolic sandy loam soil at a dose of 10 t / ha increases the activity of the microflora of the sod-podzolic sandy loam soil, which increases the effective and potential fertility.

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Evaluation of Presswheels and Seed Coverers for Direct Seeding of Brassica

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.4.599e ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 599E-600

Author(s):

Regina P. Bracy ◽

Richard L. Parish

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Visual Observation ◽

Mustard Seed ◽

High Soil Moisture ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Direct Seeded ◽

Plant Emergence ◽

Moisture Conditions ◽

Determine Effect

Improved stand establishment of direct-seeded crops has usually involved seed treatment and/or seed covers. Planters have been evaluated for seed/plant spacing uniformity, singulation, furrow openers, and presswheel design; however, effects of presswheels and seed coverers on plant establishment have not been widely investigated. Five experiments were conducted in a fine sandy loam soil to determine effect of presswheels and seed coverers on emergence of direct-seeded cabbage and mustard. Seed were planted with Stanhay 870 seeder equipped with one of four presswheels and seed coverers. Presswheels included smooth, mesh, concave split, and flat split types. Seed coverers included standard drag, light drag, paired knives, and no coverer. Soil moisture at planting ranged from 8% to 19% in the top 5 cm of bed. Differences in plant counts taken 2 weeks after planting were minimal with any presswheel or seed coverer. Visual observation indicated the seed furrow was more completely closed with the knife coverer in high soil moisture conditions. All tests received at least 14 mm of precipitation within 6 days from planting, which may account for lack of differences in plant emergence.

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