1307. The Mycoplasma Conundrum

Background Lockdown for Covid 19 between March 15 - 30, 2020 lead to sudden closures of schools, public gatherings, all but essential businesses, and stay-at-home orders. Between then and the end of April 2020, literally all enveloped respiratory viruses declined to virtually undetectable levels, suggesting a successful interruption of transmission. Weekly percentage positivity rates for M. pneumoniae and all other respiratory viruses from BioFire Syndromic Trends for weeks ending 3/7/2020- 4/24/2020. Weekly percentage positive rates are shown, with the Rhinovirus/Enterovirus rate divided by 3 and the M. pneumoniae rate multiplied by 10 to fit on the same scale. Methods We used the percentage positivity rates from BioFire Syndromic Trends and from GenMark Diagnostics to examine the post lockdown response of M. pneumoniae versus other respiratory viruses on the Respiratory Virus Panel (RP 2.0) Results As has been reported (Nawrocki J., et al, OFID 2021) and as shown in Figure 1, there was a rapid drop in the positivity rate for all enveloped respiratory viruses by 85.6% from an average rate of 2.014% positive for the week ending 3/14/20 to 0.29% for the week ending 4/18/20, while the positivity rate for M. pneumoniae actually increased by 44% from 0.536 % to 0.772%. The increase in M. pneumoniae positivity rate from its baseline of 0.51 ± 0.38 between 1/25/20 - 3/21/20 vs 0.71 ± 0.09 between 3/28/20 - 4/25/20 was significantly higher by t test, p=0.00574. Data from GenMark was available only monthly but also showed an upward rise from march to April, 2020. Conclusion It is well documented that M. pneumoniae is transmitted through respiratory mechanisms, yet lockdown measures sufficient to dramatically reduce ordinary respiratory virus transmission had no comparable effect on transmission of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. It is also well known that M. pneumoniae persists in the respiratory tract as long as months after an infection. Therefore, it is possible that this reservoir continued to be a source of transmission for M. pneumoniae, even though lockdown measures effectively interrupted the enveloped respiratory viruses. Disclosures Kenneth Rand, M.D., BioFire Diagnostics (Advisor or Review Panel member, Research Grant or Support)

Comparative characteristics of ketamine and sodium oxybutyrate as adjuvant sedation in patients with alcoholic delirium

Annotation. Today, the number of benzodiazepine-resistant alcoholic deliriums is growing. It is actually to search for an optimal scheme of sedation with a combination of two sedatives. The aim of the study was to compare efficacy of standard sedation with added barbiturates and the schemes with using ketamine and sodium oxybutyrate. We tested 60 cases of delirium tremens which were randomized into three groups. In the control group we conducted the traditional sedation with added sodium thiopental. In the first research group we combined the infusion of ketamine with diazepam. In the second one we gave sodium oxybutyrate with diazepam. We evaluated the duration of delirium, hemodynamics parameters, serum cortisol and serotonin, laboratory indicators of kidneys and liver condition. We used such statistical methods as Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon T-criterion and Kruskal-Wallis H-criterion. The duration of delirium was significantly lower in research groups in comparison with the control one. There was no difference of the duration of delirium between research groups. It indicates a comparable effect of using either ketamine, or sodium oxybutyrate. All groups showed significant reduction of hemodynamics parameters in the process of the treatment, however we observed more cases of hypertension and tachycardia on the third day of the treatment in the research groups than in the control one. These data suggest an insufficient effect of the combination of diazepam with both ketamine and sodium oxybutyrate on the sympatho-adrenal system. Serum cortisol was significantly reduced in all the groups, there was no difference between control and research groups. Serotonin was equally increased in all the groups on the third day. The obtained results indicate that the effectiveness of the combination of benzodiazepines with both ketamine and sodium oxybutyrate is comparable to the standard sedation regimen and does not differ in the reaction of these biomarkers. The laboratory indicators of kidneys condition on the third day increased only in the research groups, which indicates more negative influence on kidneys by both ketamine and sodium oxybutyrate. The indicators of liver condition were significantly reduced only in the group of ketamine, there were no difference in the rest groups. The use of ketamine and sodium oxybutyrate as adjuvant sedation may reduce the duration of a delirium episode, but has insufficient effect on hemodynamics and may adversely affect renal function.

CHEMICAL LEACHING OF CONTAMINATED SOIL – CASE STUDY

This study presents results of chemical leaching of contaminated soil from several metallurgically loaded locality of Richnava in Slovakia, applying two chelants – Na2EDTA and Na3EDDS of different molar concentration, done at different leaching conditions. The lower molar concentration (2 mM) of chelants showed comparable effect on Mn, Ni, As, Sb and Co leaching. Higher extraction was revealed at application of 10 mM chelants, especially for Cu and Cd release. Repeated washing of soil by 10 mM chelant without the media regeneration was more effective at the toxic elements removal than washing by smaller volumes of media or leaching of soil in static conditions. Final experiments focused on obtained leachates treatment showed that electrolysis and precipitation should represent a perspective way of the washing media regeneration.

PERBANDINGAN PEMBERIAN MINYAK KUNING TELUR AYAM DAN BIOPLACENTON TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOLOGI KULIT

This study was conducted to determine the comparison of re-epithelialization, granulation and the number of inflammatory cells infiltration between topical application of chicken yolk oil and bioplacenton on white rat (Rattus norvegicus) skin that has induced with second degree burn wound. This research was a laboratory experimental study using 18 male white rats divided into control positive (K+) group, bioplacenton (P1) and chicken yolk oil (P2). Observation of the re-epithelialization, granulation and inflammatory cells infiltration were carried out 14 days after the rat were induced with second degree burn wound. The necropcy was performed on the 14th day and then the skin organs were treated with HE staining and observed under a microscope. Data analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis followed by Mann Whitney. The results of the analysis showed that K + had significantly different results (P <0.05) compared to P1 and P2 in the scores of re-epithelialization, granulation and the number of inflammatory cell infiltrations. P1 and P2 were not significantly different (P> 0.05). In this study, it can be concluded that chicken egg yolk has a comparable effect with bioplacenton toward the score of re-epithelialization, granulation and the number of inflammatory cell infiltration.

Dual Targeting of Cancer Cells with DARPin-Based Toxins for Overcoming Tumor Escape

We report here a combined anti-cancer therapy directed toward HER2 and EpCAM, common tumor-associated antigens of breast cancer cells. The combined therapeutic effect is achieved owing to two highly toxic proteins—a low immunogenic variant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A and ribonuclease Barnase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The delivery of toxins to cancer cells was carried out by targeting designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins). We have shown that both target agents efficiently accumulate in the tumor. Simultaneous treatment of breast carcinoma-bearing mice with anti-EpCAM fusion toxin based on LoPE and HER2-specific liposomes loaded with Barnase leads to concurrent elimination of primary tumor and metastases. Monotherapy with anti-HER2- or anti-EpCAM-toxins did not produce a comparable effect on metastases. The proposed approach can be considered as a promising strategy for significant improvement of cancer therapy.

Effect of wine maturing on the colour and chemical properties of Chardonnay wine

Untreated chardonnay wine was used as the raw material for this study. The wine samples were divided into three groups and monitored over 32 weeks. Three ways of wine maturation were used: glassware, wooden barrel and the addition of oak chips for 6 weeks, which can significantly increase total polyphenols (P &lt; 0.05) and flavonoids (P &lt; 0.05) concentration. The use of oak shavings had a comparable effect to the oak barrels. The use of oak shavings can replace wood barrels in the maturation process. The oak shavings also achieved lower oxygen concentration (P &lt; 0.05) in wine. Ageing the Chardonnay increased (P &lt; 0.05) the polyphenol concentration and had an impact on the wine colour under the different maturation conditions.

Diabetes Mellitus and Vitamin D Deficiency: Comparable Effect on Survival and a Deadly Association after a Myocardial Infarction

Survivors after a myocardial infarction (MI), especially those with diabetes mellitus (DM), remain at high risk of further events. Identifying and treating factors that may influence survival may open new therapeutic strategies. We assessed the impact on prognosis of DM and hypovitaminosis D (hypovitD), alone or combined. In this prospective, observational study, 1081 patients were enrolled surviving an MI and divided into four groups according to their diabetic and VitD status. The primary end-point was composite of all-cause mortality, angina/MI and heart failure (HF). Secondary outcomes were mortality, HF and angina/MI. During a follow-up of 26.1 months (IQR 6.6–64.5), 391 subjects experienced the primary end-point. Patients with DM or hypovitD had similar rate of the composite end-point. Patients with only hypovitD or DM did not differ regarding components of composite end-point (angina p = 0.97, HF p = 0.29, mortality p = 0.62). DM and VitD deficiency had similarly adjusted risks for primary end-point (HR 1.3, 95%CI 1.05–1.61; HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.04–1.64). The adjusted HR for primary composite end-point for patients with hypovitD and DM was 1.69 (95%CI 1.25–2.29, p = 0.001) in comparison to patients with neither hypoD nor DM. In conclusion, DM and hypovitD, individually and synergistically, are associated with a worse outcome after MI.

Structural Assessment of Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, and Hydroxide Substitutions in Lead Arsenate Apatites (Mimetites)–Pb5(AsO4)3X

Five lead-arsenate apatites (mimetites)-Pb5(AsO4)3X—where X denotes fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and hydroxide (OH)—were synthesized via precipitation from aqueous solutions. The crystal structures were determined through Rietveld refinement of powder synchrotron X-ray data. All the compounds crystallized in the hexagonal class symmetry (space group P63/m). The Rietveld refinement indicated that mimetite-Cl, -Br, -I, and -OH had an anion deficiency at position X. Substitution of halogens in a mimetite structure brought about systematic changes in unit-cell parameters, interatomic distances, and metaprism twist angles φ, proportional to the substituted halogen’s ionic radius. Mimetite-OH did not follow the linear correlations determined within the series. Twist angle φ, a useful device for monitoring changes in apatite topology, ranged from 20.34° for mimetite-F to 11.42° for mimetite-I. The geometric method has been proposed for determining the diameter of hexagonal channels hosting halogens in apatites. A comparison of the results with halogenated pyromorphites showed similar systematic trends: the substitutions in mimetites have comparable effect on the interatomic distances as in their phosphorous analogues.