BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON SOCKEYE SALMON DURING SPAWNING MIGRATION: XII. LIVER GLYCOGEN

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violet M. Chang ◽  
D. R. Idler
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Liver Glycogen Content ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
River Migration

Liver glycogen levels were determined for a pure stock of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) taken at three locations during spawning migration. The liver glycogen content of the male was found to be consistently greater than that of the female throughout the entire river migration. In both sexes liver glycogen decreased during the earlier phase of migration, but increased during the later stage so that the levels at the spawning grounds were approximately twice those at the mouth of the river. The changes which occur are discussed in relation to sex differences, energy expenditures, and plasma steroid hormone levels.

BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON SOCKEYE SALMON DURING SPAWNING MIGRATION: XII. LIVER GLYCOGEN

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 553-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violet M. Chang ◽  
D. R. Idler
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Liver Glycogen Content ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
River Migration

Liver glycogen levels were determined for a pure stock of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) taken at three locations during spawning migration. The liver glycogen content of the male was found to be consistently greater than that of the female throughout the entire river migration. In both sexes liver glycogen decreased during the earlier phase of migration, but increased during the later stage so that the levels at the spawning grounds were approximately twice those at the mouth of the river. The changes which occur are discussed in relation to sex differences, energy expenditures, and plasma steroid hormone levels.

Biochemical Studies on Sockeye Salmon During Spawning Migration.: IX. Fat, Protein and Water in the Major Internal Organs and Cholesterol in the Liver and Gonads of the Standard Fish

1960 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Idler ◽  
I. Bitners
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
River Migration

Absolute changes in fat, protein and water of all major internal organs and free and esterified cholesterol of the liver and gonads of standard male and female sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) during the 1957 Fraser River spawning migration to Stuart Lake are discussed. The alimentary tract is the major source of fat and protein from the internal organs and the greater part of this reserve is expended in the first 250 miles (403 km) of the river migration. The testes consumed only 0.5% of the energy expended from the body of the standard male while the ovaries consumed 8% of the energy expended from the body of the standard female.

Hypothalamic HSP10 Impacts Mitochondrial Dynamics, Insulin Signaling, and Liver Glycogen Content

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1801-P
Author(s):  
KRISTINA WARDELMANN ◽  
JOSÉ PEDRO CASTRO ◽  
MICHAELA RATH ◽  
JÜRGEN WEIß ◽  
ANNETTE SCHUERMANN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Liver Glycogen Content

BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON SOCKEYE SALMON DURING SPAWNING MIGRATION: IV. THE NON-PROTEIN NITROGENOUS CONSTITUENTS OF THE MUSCLE

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 833-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Biochemical Studies

The non-protein nitrogenous constituents of muscle of migrating sockeye salmon were investigated. These constituents were found to be the same in both male and female fish and were present in approximately the same amounts in both sexes. The histidine content of the muscle in all fish decreased to one fifth of the original value during the early stages of the migratory journey and remained at the low level thereafter. Some of the other constituents changed to a smaller extent, usually increasing in the later stages of the migration. This was especially noticeable in female fish. However, the increase in the concentration of these constituents in the muscle was due to a decrease in the amount of muscle in the fish rather than to an increase in the amounts of the compounds themselves.

Liver glycogen-induced enhancements in hypoglycemic counterregulation require neuroglucopenia.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shana O Warner ◽  
Abby M Wadian ◽  
Marta S. Smith ◽  
Ben Farmer ◽  
Yufei Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Liver Glycogen Content ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
The Brain

Iatrogenic hypoglycemia is a prominent barrier to achieving optimal glycemic control in patients with diabetes, in part due to dampened counterregulatory hormone responses. It has been demonstrated that elevated liver glycogen content can enhance these hormonal responses through signaling to the brain via afferent nerves, but the role that hypoglycemia in the brain plays in this liver glycogen effect remains unclear. During the first 4hrs of each study, the liver glycogen content of dogs was increased by using an intraportal infusion of fructose to stimulate hepatic glucose uptake (HG; n=13), or glycogen was maintained near fasting levels with a saline infusion (NG; n=6). After a 2hr control period, during which the fructose/saline infusion was discontinued, insulin was infused intravenously for an additional 2hrs to bring about systemic hypoglycemia in all animals, whereas brain euglycemia was maintained in a subset of the HG group by infusing glucose bilaterally into the carotid and vertebral arteries (HG-HeadEu; n=7). Liver glycogen content was markedly elevated in the two HG groups (43±4, 73±3 and 75±7 mg/g in NG, HG and HG-HeadEu, respectively). During the hypoglycemic period, arterial plasma glucose levels were indistinguishable between groups (53±2, 52±1 and 51±1 mg/dL, respectively), but jugular vein glucose levels were kept euglycemic (88±5 mg/dL) only in the HG-HeadEu group. Glucagon and epinephrine responses to hypoglycemia were higher in HG compared to NG, whereas despite the increase in liver glycogen, neither increased above basal in HG-HeadEu. These data demonstrate that the enhanced counterregulatory hormone secretion that accompanies increased liver glycogen content requires hypoglycemia in the brain.

Biochemical Studies on Sockeye Salmon During Spawning Migration: XI. The Free Histidine Content of the Tissues

1960 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
D. W. Duncan ◽  
M. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Biochemical Studies

During the first 250 miles (400 km) of spawning migration of Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) the free histidine content of the muscle, alimentary tract, and head+skin+bones+tail decreased to a small fraction of the initial value. A further decrease occurred in the levels of this amino acid in the alimentary tract during the subsequent 415-mile (657-km) migration to the spawning grounds, no change being observed with the other tissues. Comparatively small changes in free histidine were found with heart, spleen, liver, kidney and gonads during migration.

Influence de la thiourée sur la charge en glycogéne du foie de l'embryon de poulet

Development ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-384
Author(s):  
Nicole Daugéras
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Antithyroid Drug ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Glycogen Level ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Liver Glycogen Content ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Embryo Liver

Influence of thiourea on the glycogen content of the liver of the chick embryo In the developing chick embryo, liver glycogen appears on the sixth day of incubation. The glycogen content increases from the sixth day, but decreases on the twelfth day before increasing again. This decrease on day 12 might be related to the onset of thyroid activity, which would be responsible for an increased rate of utilization of the substrates. An antithyroid drug, thiourea, has been injected on day 6·0. The liver glycogen concentration of the thiourea-treated chick embryos was determined from the tenth to the fifteenth days and compared with that of the control embryos. (i) On days 11 and 12 the liver glycogen concentration of the injected embryos is higher than that of the controls. (ii) On day 13 the liver glycogen level of treated embryos decreases; this decrease might be correlated with possible functional activity of the thyroid glands if their biosynthesis is no longer inhibited by the thiourea injection or with thyroid hormones possibly coming from the yolk. (iii) On days 14 and 15 no difference is observed between the liver glycogen content of the thiourea-treated embryos and that of the controls.

Adrenodemedullation affects endurance but not hepatic fructose 2,6-bisphosphate

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (4) ◽  
pp. R572-R577 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Yang ◽  
R. L. Hammer ◽  
T. L. Sellers ◽  
J. Arogyasami ◽  
D. T. Carrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Epinephrine Infusion ◽  
Liver Glycogen Content

Sham-operated (SHAM) and saline (ADM-S)- or epinephrine (ADM-E)-infused adrenodemedullated rats were run on a treadmill (21 m/min, 15% grade) for 80 min or until exhaustion. ADM-S rats had significantly lower endurance run times (116 +/- 6 min) than ADM-E rats (136 +/- 8 min) and SHAM rats (150 +/- 6 min). Liver glycogen content dropped from 56 +/- 4 to 10 +/- 2 mg/g in SHAM and from 54 +/- 4 to 18 +/- 5 mg/g in ADM-S and to 20 +/- 8 mg/g in ADM-E rats at 80 min. Liver glycogen was depleted in all rats at exhaustion. Liver fructose 2,6-bisphosphate was decreased markedly in exercising rats, and the extent of decrease was not influenced by adrenodemedullation or by epinephrine infusion. ADM-S rats showed impaired glycogen depletion in the white vastus lateralis and soleus muscles, hypoglycemia, and low blood lactate at 80 min and at exhaustion. Infusion of epinephrine into ADM rats reversed these deficiencies. These data indicate that the adrenal medulla is unessential for normal endurance exercise as long as liver glycogen is available. After liver glycogen is depleted, epinephrine from the adrenal medulla prevents hypoglycemia and is essential for allowing continuation of exercise.

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