ANALYSIS OF METEORIC BODY DOPPLER RADAR RECORDS TAKEN DURING A GEMINID SHOWER PERIOD

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 840-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Srirama Rao
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Radar ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Prevailing Wind ◽  
Linear Variation ◽  
Minute Period ◽  
Meteoric Body ◽  
Periodic Fluctuations ◽  
Meteor Train

The determination of the prevailing wind in the 80–100 km region of the upper atmosphere by a new method, involving the simultaneous use of a CW doppler radar at 30.02 Mc/sec and three-station pulsed radars at about the same frequencies, is presented in this paper. This method involves the determination of the exact location of each observed meteor train and the component of the velocity of its horizontal drift in the direction of the azimuth from Ottawa. A 40-minute period during the Geminid shower on the night of Dec. 10/11, 1948, has been selected for this investigation. Theory for the analysis of the body doppler records is briefly outlined. The prevailing wind speed obtained from the body doppler frequencies (fd) is 54 m/sec. The observed linear variation in the average fd with time, in the case of each meteor, has been explained as caused by the effective point of reflection drifting along its train towards the maximum echo duration level. Periodic fluctuations of fd of the order of 1–3 c.p.s., on the average, have also been observed. The above two phenomena can be explained from a postulate of atmospheric turbulence on a scale of about 1 km or above.

INVESTIGATION OF THE DRIFTS OF THE EFFECTIVE POINT OF RADIO REFLECTION ALONG A METEOR TRAIN

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1601-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Srirama Rao ◽  
R. L. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Turbulence ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Radio Reflection ◽  
Vertical Scale ◽  
Meteoric Body ◽  
Diffusion Rates ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Meteor Train

The concept of the effective point of radio reflection from a meteor train has been given on the basis of atmospheric turbulence, on a vertical scale of the order of 100 m to 6 km, in the M region. Some experimental evidence has been provided to support the postulate of its drifting along the train, using meteoric body doppler radar records, taken on 30.02 Mc/s at South Gloucester, during the Geminid shower periods of 1948–50. The velocities (Vs) of the above drifts in the case of 90 observations have been calculated, using the ranges of the observed meteors as obtained from the range–time records taken simultaneously on pulsed radar on 32.7 Mc/s at the Metcalfe Road field station (7.5 km distant). It is found that these velocities tend to have higher values in the case of shorter echo durations and vice versa. Theoretical interpretation of the observed results has been attempted. Reasonable assumptions of the ionization distribution along a meteor train and of diffusion rates at different levels in the M region have been made to derive the echo durations from different portions of a meteor train. Variation of these echo durations with position on the train has been taken into account to calculate the theoretical curves of vertical components of Vs vs. total echo durations, in the case of a Geminid shower. The effect of turbulence on echo durations has been taken into account to explain the observed results successfully.

Gender determination of caucasoid hair using image analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
T.B. Ball ◽  
W.M. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
The Body ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Morphological Differences

It has been demonstrated that cross sections of bundles of hair can be effectively studied using image analysis. These studies can help to elucidate morphological differences of hair from one region of the body to another. The purpose of the present investigation was to use image analysis to determine whether morphological differences could be demonstrated between male and female human Caucasian terminal scalp hair.Hair samples were taken from the back of the head from 18 caucasoid males and 13 caucasoid females (Figs. 1-2). Bundles of 50 hairs were processed for cross-sectional examination and then analyzed using Prism Image Analysis software on a Macintosh llci computer. Twenty morphological parameters of size and shape were evaluated for each hair cross-section. The size parameters evaluated were area, convex area, perimeter, convex perimeter, length, breadth, fiber length, width, equivalent diameter, and inscribed radius. The shape parameters considered were formfactor, roundness, convexity, solidity, compactness, aspect ratio, elongation, curl, and fractal dimension.

Determination of Lead Content in Red Colored Lipsticks from Mandalay Market by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead Content ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Exposure Levels

Red colored lipstick is the most widely used cosmetic product. Although lipstick gives a lot of social, psychological and therapeutic benefits, it may harm the consumers. Because some lipsticks contain a considerable amount of heavy metal especially lead. Lead is being used in lipstick mainly for the pigments required to obtain needed colors. Lead accumulates in the body over time and lead-containing lipstick applied several times a day, every day, combined with lead in water and other sources, could add up to significant exposure levels. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine lead content in red colored lipsticks from market. This study was laboratorybased, analytical study by using 25 lipstick samples. Red colored lipsticks were bought from Mandalay Market by random sampling procedure and they were completely coded to avoid the bias. Then, lead content in coded samples was determined by Flame AAS according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guideline. Lead contents of 88% of the lipsticks samples were more than specified limit (20 ppm) of Food and Drug Administration, United States. All of them, lead content was highest in counterfeit lipsticks group. Among the tested lipstick samples, lipstick with lowest lead content was LE-RL 01 (15.74 ppm) and the lipstick with highest lead content was CF-RL 01(60.09 ppm). In conclusion, lead contents of red colored lipsticks (22 out of 25) from market samples were higher than allowable limit (20 ppm).

Fast Method for the Determination of Residual Solvents in Radiopharmaceutical Products

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirela Mihon ◽  
Catalin Stelian Tuta ◽  
Alina Catrinel Ion ◽  
Dana Niculae ◽  
Vasile Lavric
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Residual Solvent ◽  
Residual Solvents

The aim of this work was the development and validation of a fast analytical method to determine the residual solvents content in radiopharmaceuticals such as: 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), 18F-Fluoroestradiol (18F-FES), 18F-Fluorothymidine (18F-FLT),18F-Fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO). Radiopharmaceuticals are radioactive preparations for medical purposes used in nuclear medicine as tracers in diagnostic imaging and treatment of certain diseases. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that consists in introducing into the body of a small amount of a biologically active chemical compound labelled with a short lived positron-emitting radioisotope (18F, 11C, 68Ga). Residual solvents are critical impurities in radiopharmaceuticals that can affect labelling, stability and physicochemical properties of drugs. Therefore, the determination of these solvents is essential for quality control of radiopharmaceuticals. Validation of the control method for residual solvents by gas chromatography is referred by the European Pharmacopoeia using a special injection technique (head space). The parameters of the method, which comply with International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, are: accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification and robustness. The proposed method (direct gas chromatography injection) proved to be linear, precise, accurate and robust. Good linearity was achieved for all the solvents and correlation coefficients (R2) for each residual solvent were found more than 0.99.

scholarly journals AN ATTEMPT TOWARD THE DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL ALKALINE RESERVE OF THE BODY

1920 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-213
Author(s):  
W. Prentice ◽  
H.O. Lund ◽  
H.G. Harbo
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Alkaline Reserve ◽  
Total Alkaline

THE DISTRIBUTION OF IONIZATION ALONG UNDERDENSE METEOR TRAILS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 2035-2047 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Rice ◽  
P. A. Forsyth
Keyword(s):  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Sources Of Error ◽  
Signal Characteristics ◽  
Radio Signals ◽  
Meteor Trails

Attempts to use the decay of radio signals reflected from individual meteor trails to study the upper atmosphere have revealed a puzzling inconsistency in the signal behavior. An earlier paper pointed out that this inconsistency remained even when the previously postulated sources of error were eliminated. As a result, an irregularly ionized trail model was proposed and shown, by calculation of signal characteristics, to be capable of accounting for the observations. This paper presents results of a new experiment which permitted the determination of the ionization profiles as the meteor trails were formed. The predicted irregularities were found, even for trails which exhibited apparently "ideal" underdense signal characteristics.

VI. The glucoside constitution of proteid matter

1894 ◽  
Vol 54 (326-330) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Cupric Oxide ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Time

For a long time I have adopted a process for separating the glycogen of the liver consisting in boiling with potash, pouring into alcohol, and collecting the precipitate. For the purpose of estimation, the precipitated glycogen was converted by means of sulphuric acid into glucose, the determination of which gave the information required. I afterwards applied the process to blood, and the various organs and tissues of the body, with the result that a more or less notable amount of cupric oxide reducing product was obtained, which I at the time looked upon as taking origin, as in the case of the liver, from glycogen.

Lumps and Bumps in Children

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 371-378
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Putnam
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissues

Many lesions involving the skin or subcutaneous tissues alarm parents and, often fearing cancer, they bring their child to a physician. Most lesions are benign and rarely life-threatening. The physician faces the problem of determining which characteristics suggest only observation of a lesion and which make biopsy necessary. Because many lesions have a predilection for certain areas of the body, this is a useful form of categorization (Table 1). On first inspection of a superficial lesion, several questions must be asked, including the known duration, change in size, presence of pain or other signs of inflammation, and any noted multiplicity. The examination includes an accurate measurement of the size and, most importantly, a determination of the level of the lesion. This will help establish the diagnosis and help to determine whether the possibility of malignancy exists. Essentially all lesions originating in the skin of children are benign. Some are obvious, such as a wart, while others may not be so clear-cut, especially if the epidermis is not altered in appearance. Upon palpation of a cutaneous mass, the skin does not move over the surface and puckers when the adjacent skin and tissues are compressed and elevated. If the skin moves freely over the mass, the nature of the lesion is not so readily apparent.

Determination of albumin content in blood serum based on the results of dynamic surface tension

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
M. S. Tsarkova ◽  
◽  
I. V. Milaeva ◽  
S. Yu. Zaytsev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Dynamic Surface Tension ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Surface ◽  
Good Convergence ◽  
Albumin Content

The blood test allows you to give an objective assessment of the state of health of animals and timely identify changes occurring in the body. To assess the content of albumins in the blood serum, the method of measuring the dynamic surface tension on the VRA-1P device, which works according to the method of maximum pressure in the bubble, was used. Based on the results of the measurements, a mathematical model was proposed, and using the regression analysis method, formulas for determining the concentration of albumins were developed, which showed good convergence with other measurement methods.

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