THE HYDROGEN COMPONENT IN THE PRIMARY COSMIC RADIATION

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1049-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Aly
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Nuclear Emulsion ◽  
Geomagnetic Latitude ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Good Agreement

Two values for the flux of the hydrogen component in the primary cosmic radiation have been measured. The first one was over Guam in the Marianas Islands, geomagnetic latitude λ = 0°. The value of the flux was found to be (123 ± 12) hydrogen nuclei/m2 sterad sec. The second measurement was made over Texas, λ = 41 °N., and the value found was (530 ± 53) hydrogen nuclei/m2 sterad sec. The detectors in both cases were stacks of nuclear emulsion exposed at high altitude. The results obtained in this experiment are in good agreement with the values obtained by the other authors using electronic counters flown at the same geomagnetic latitudes.

Untersuchungen über die schweren Kerne in der primären kosmischen Strahlung

1958 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 801-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Püschel
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Geomagnetic Latitude ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Incident Particle ◽  
Heavy Nuclei ◽  
Nuclear Radius ◽  
Primary Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Good Agreement

Fragmentation probabilities and interaction mean free paths for the interaction of heavy nuclei (Z > 2) of the primary cosmic radiation with target nuclei of emulsions (Ilford G 5) have been obtained. The experiment has been carried out in Northern Italy, at a geomagnetic latitude of 46° N. The values are in good agreement with those reported previously by Fowler, Hillier, Waddington and Rajopadhye, Waddingto and Cester, Debenedetti, Garelli, Quassiati, Tallone, Vigone.Values are derived for the fragmentation probabilities in air by a geometrical model introduced by Noon and Kaplon.Assigning both to the incident particle and to the target nuclei a radius R = R0 · A⅓, one obtains an effective nuclear radius R0=1,2·10-13 cm.Using our values for the fragmentation probabilities instead of the lower values found in an experiment by KAPLON et al., their ratio for the fluxes of L-nuclei to M-nuclei at the top of the atmosphere is increased from 0.46 to about 0.80.

Energy spectrum of diffuse primary X rays up to 180 keV

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S461-S465 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. M. Bleeker ◽  
J. J. Burger ◽  
A. J. M. Deerenberg ◽  
A. Scheepmaker ◽  
B. N. Swanenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Plastic Scintillator ◽  
Geomagnetic Latitude ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Good Agreement

Two balloon flights with identical X-ray detectors were carried out in the summer of 1966, one from De Bilt, the Netherlands (geomagnetic latitude 53 °N), and the other from Taiyomura, Japan (geomagnetic latitude 25 °N). The detector consists of a NaI(Tl) crystal, 12.5 mm thick and 50 mm in diameter, surrounded by an effective collimator-shield and a plastic scintillator guard counter. The rotating disk incorporated enables the separation of "forward" X rays from the cosmic-ray-induced background. The results of the flights are in very good agreement with each other. In view of the rather large difference in geomagnetic latitude in these two flights, this agreement supports the celestial origin of the primary X rays observed. The energy spectrum between 20 and 180 keV can be expressed by a power law:[Formula: see text]

The Penumbra at Geomagnetic Latitude 20° and the Energy Spectrum of Primary Cosmic Radiation

1939 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 614-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Albagli Hutner
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Geomagnetic Latitude ◽  
Primary Cosmic Radiation

The flux of the helium component of the primary cosmic radiation at geomagnetic latitude 41‡ N

1956 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1150-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. De Marco ◽  
A. Milone ◽  
M. Reinharz
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Geomagnetic Latitude ◽  
Primary Cosmic Radiation

scholarly journals Responses of the Pheromone-Binding Protein of the Silk Moth Bombyx mori on a Graphene Biosensor Match Binding Constants in Solution

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Caroline Bonazza ◽  
Jiao Zhu ◽  
Roger Hasler ◽  
Rosa Mastrogiacomo ◽  
Paolo Pelosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Binding Constants ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oxide Surface ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Pheromone Binding Protein ◽  
Silk Moth ◽  
Good Agreement

An electronic biosensor for odors was assembled by immobilizing the silk moth Bombyx mori pheromone binding protein (BmorPBP1) on a reduced graphene oxide surface of a field-effect transistor. At physiological pH, the sensor detects the B. mori pheromones, bombykol and bombykal, with good affinity and specificity. Among the other odorants tested, only eugenol elicited a strong signal, while terpenoids and other odorants (linalool, geraniol, isoamyl acetate, and 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine) produced only very weak responses. Parallel binding assays were performed with the same protein and the same ligands, using the common fluorescence approach adopted for similar proteins. The results are in good agreement with the sensor’s responses: bombykol and bombykal, together with eugenol, proved to be strong ligands, while the other compounds showed only poor affinity. When tested at pH 4, the protein failed to bind bombykol both in solution and when immobilized on the sensor. This result further indicates that the BmorPBP1 retains its full activity when immobilized on a surface, including the conformational change observed in acidic conditions. The good agreement between fluorescence assays and sensor responses suggests that ligand-binding assays in solution can be used to screen mutants of a binding protein when selecting the best form to be immobilized on a biosensor.

scholarly journals Neutron Imaging Using a Fine-Grained Nuclear Emulsion

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Katsuya Hirota ◽  
Tomoko Ariga ◽  
Masahiro Hino ◽  
Go Ichikawa ◽  
Shinsuke Kawasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Neutron Detector ◽  
Nuclear Emulsion ◽  
Neutron Imaging ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crystal Oscillator ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Cold Neutrons ◽  
Track Analysis

A neutron detector using a fine-grained nuclear emulsion has a sub-micron spatial resolution and thus has potential to be applied as high-resolution neutron imaging. In this paper, we present two approaches to applying the emulsion detectors for neutron imaging. One is using a track analysis to derive the reaction points for high resolution. From an image obtained with a 9 μm pitch Gd grating with cold neutrons, periodic peak with a standard deviation of 1.3 μm was observed. The other is an approach without a track analysis for high-density irradiation. An internal structure of a crystal oscillator chip, with a scale of approximately 30 μm, was able to be observed after an image analysis.

Energy Spectrum of Heavy Nuclei of the Primary Cosmic Radiation during Solar Maximum

1963 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 362-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Neelakantan ◽  
P. G. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Solar Maximum ◽  
Heavy Nuclei ◽  
Primary Cosmic Radiation

APPLICATION OF A NEW HAMILTONIAN OF INTERACTION TO THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (09) ◽  
pp. 1351-1368
Author(s):  
ANDREI DOLOCAN ◽  
VOICU OCTAVIAN DOLOCAN ◽  
VOICU DOLOCAN
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cohesive Energy ◽  
Noble Gases ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ionic Crystals ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Good Agreement

Using a new Hamiltonian of interaction we have calculated the cohesive energy in three-dimensional structures. We have found the news dependences of this energy on the distance between the atoms. The obtained results are in a good agreement with experimental data in ionic, covalent and noble gases crystals. The coupling constant γ between the interacting field and the atoms is somewhat smaller than unity in ionic crystals and is some larger than unity in covalent and noble gases crystals. The formulae found by us are general and may be applied, also, to the other types of interactions, for example, gravitational interactions.

scholarly journals Morphological variation in Leptorhynchos squamatus (Gnaphalieae: Asteraceae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Flann ◽  
Pauline Y. Ladiges ◽  
Neville G. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Alpine Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Low Altitude

A study of morphological variation in Leptorhynchos squamatus (Labill.) Less. across its range in south-eastern Australia was undertaken to test the hypothesis that L. squamatus includes two taxa. Phenetic pattern analyses of both field-collected and herbarium specimens on the basis of morphology confirmed two major groups. Bract, cypsela, pappus bristle and leaf characters were particularly important in separating the two groups. The taxa are separated by altitude differences with one being a low-altitude plant found in many habitats and the other being a high-altitude taxon that is a major component of alpine meadows. Lowland plants have dark bract tips, fewer and wider pappus bristles than alpine plants, papillae on the cypselas and more linear leaves. A somewhat intermediate population from the Major Mitchell Plateau in the Grampians shows some alpine and some lowland characters but is included in the lowland taxon. Seeds from five populations (two alpine, two lowland and Major Mitchell) were germinated and plants grown for 18 weeks under four controlled sets of environmental conditions. The experiment showed that leaf size and some other characters are affected by environmental conditions, but that there are underlying genetic differences between the lowland and alpine forms. Leptorhynchos squamatus subsp. alpinus Flann is described here to accommodate the highland taxon.

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