The Formative Phase of a Low Pressure, High Voltage Z Pinch

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (20) ◽  
pp. 2475-2481 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Maclatchy ◽  
A. J. Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Current Layer ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Axial Region ◽  
Total Discharge Current ◽  
The Face ◽  
Z Pinch ◽  
Total Discharge ◽  
A Current

The formative phase of a 40 kV Z pinch has been investigated for pressures from 10 to 80 mTorr in H2. The energy spectrum of the electrons on the axis of the vessel, the spatial distribution of the current at the face of the anode, and the total discharge current were monitored. At the initiation of the discharge, a current of electrons with energies in excess of 20 keV is observed on the axis. This observation is in contrast to the normally accepted mode of ionization in which ionization initiates at the wall. The current is observed to switch from the axial region to the wall where it forms a current layer which collapses in accordance with the snow-plough model. The exact nature of the switching mechanism is not understood. The formative phase of the pinch typically takes a few hundred nanoseconds. The observations indicate that the detailed process of current sheet collapse may be affected by the formative phase.

Facial Surface Anthropometric Features and Measurements With an Emphasis on Rhinoplasty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Mazhar Celikoyar ◽  
Michael F Perez ◽  
M Ilhan Akbas ◽  
Oguzhan Topsakal
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Anthropometric Features ◽  
The Face ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
Objective Outcomes ◽  
A Current

Abstract Background Facial features and measurements are utilized to analyze patients’ faces for various reasons, including surgical planning, scientific communications, patient-surgeon communications, and post-surgery evaluations. Objectives There are numerous descriptions regarding these features and measurements scattered throughout the literature and we did not encounter a current compilation of these parameters in the medical literature. Methods A narrative literature review of the published medical literature for facial measurements used for facial analysis in rhinoplasty was done through the electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed and Google Scholar, along with a citation search. Results A total of 61 facial features were identified. 45 points (25 bilateral, 20 unilateral), five lines (three bilateral, two unilateral), eight planes, and three areas. A total of 122 measurements were identified: 48 distances (6 bilateral, 42 unilateral), 57 angles (13 bilateral, 44 unilateral), and 17 ratios. Supplemental Figures were created to depict all features and measurements using either a frontal, lateral or basal view of the face. Conclusions This paper provides the most comprehensive and current compilation of facial measurements to date. We believe this compilation will guide further developments (methodologies and software tools) for analyzing nasal structures and assessing the objective outcomes of facial surgeries, in particular rhinoplasty. Moreover, it will improve the communication as a reference for facial measurements of facial surface anthropometry, in particular rhinoplasty.

Experimental study of an inverse wire array z-pinch operating as a current switch

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Harvey-Thomson ◽  
S. V Lebedev ◽  
G. N. Hall ◽  
S. N. Bland ◽  
G. Burdiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Wire Array ◽  
Current Switch ◽  
Z Pinch ◽  
A Current

scholarly journals The spatial distribution of eye movements predicts the (false) recognition of emotional facial expressions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245777
Author(s):  
Fanny Poncet ◽  
Robert Soussignan ◽  
Margaux Jaffiol ◽  
Baptiste Gaudelus ◽  
Arnaud Leleu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
False Recognition ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Visual Exploration ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Facial Emotions ◽  
The Face

Recognizing facial expressions of emotions is a fundamental ability for adaptation to the social environment. To date, it remains unclear whether the spatial distribution of eye movements predicts accurate recognition or, on the contrary, confusion in the recognition of facial emotions. In the present study, we asked participants to recognize facial emotions while monitoring their gaze behavior using eye-tracking technology. In Experiment 1a, 40 participants (20 women) performed a classic facial emotion recognition task with a 5-choice procedure (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness). In Experiment 1b, a second group of 40 participants (20 women) was exposed to the same materials and procedure except that they were instructed to say whether (i.e., Yes/No response) the face expressed a specific emotion (e.g., anger), with the five emotion categories tested in distinct blocks. In Experiment 2, two groups of 32 participants performed the same task as in Experiment 1a while exposed to partial facial expressions composed of actions units (AUs) present or absent in some parts of the face (top, middle, or bottom). The coding of the AUs produced by the models showed complex facial configurations for most emotional expressions, with several AUs in common. Eye-tracking data indicated that relevant facial actions were actively gazed at by the decoders during both accurate recognition and errors. False recognition was mainly associated with the additional visual exploration of less relevant facial actions in regions containing ambiguous AUs or AUs relevant to other emotional expressions. Finally, the recognition of facial emotions from partial expressions showed that no single facial actions were necessary to effectively communicate an emotional state. In contrast, the recognition of facial emotions relied on the integration of a complex set of facial cues.

Immigrant Neurologists in the United States: The Path of Most Resistance

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011196
Author(s):  
Abhimanyu Mahajan ◽  
Zachary London ◽  
Andrew M. Southerland ◽  
Jaffar Khan ◽  
Erica Schuyler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
International Medical Graduates ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
The Face ◽  
Healthcare Crisis ◽  
A Current ◽  
The U.S

International Medical Graduates (IMGs), individuals who graduated from medical school outside of the United States or Canada, constitute 31.3% of active neurologists and one-third of current neurology trainees. While three-fourths of IMG neurology trainees are not U.S. citizens, they are an integral part of our trainee and practice workforce. IMGs play a vital role in providing greater access to healthcare for millions of patients, particularly in traditionally underserved regions and in the face of a current global healthcare crisis.With this article, we outline some of the unique challenges faced by immigrant, U.S.-trained neurologists as they seek to provide neurological care across the country, including preparing and applying for residency, securing authorization to remain in the U.S. to practice, and positioning themselves for successful careers in academic and private practice. We also call for advocacy and legislation to help reduce these barriers as a means to address the increasing physician workforce gap.

scholarly journals Tearing and surface preserving electron magnetohydrodynamic modes in a current layer

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 032106
Author(s):  
Gurudatt Gaur ◽  
Predhiman K. Kaw
Keyword(s):  
Current Layer ◽  
A Current

scholarly journals Hydromagnetic Stability of a Current Layer

1955 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Loughhead
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Normal Modes ◽  
Marginal Stability ◽  
Current Layer ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Uniform Current ◽  
A Current

The hydromagnetic stability of a uniform current flowing along a magnetic field and confined within a pair of parallel planes is discussed by the method of normal modes. The condition for marginal stability is derived and discussed with reference to two special cases.

scholarly journals Local Magnetohydrodynamic Characteristics of the Plasma Stream generated by MPC

10.14311/1733 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana N. Cherednychenko ◽  
Igor E. Garkusha ◽  
Vladimir V. Chebotarev ◽  
Dmytro G. Solyakov ◽  
Yuriy V. Petrov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Discharge Current ◽  
Radiation Power ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Plasma Stream ◽  
Total Discharge Current ◽  
Injection Power ◽  
Wave Range ◽  
Total Discharge

This paper investigates the spatial distributions of electrical current which flows inside the plasma stream generated by a magnetoplasma compressor (MPC). Two different modes of MPC operation with different gas supply scenarios have been applied in the experiments presented here. The first is the operation mode with a pulse injection of xenon into the interelectrode space, and the second is the operation mode with residual helium in the chamber and local injection of xenon directly into the compression zone. The maximum value of the electric current observed outside the MPC channel is 15 ÷ 20% of the total discharge current. Electric current vortices were discovered in the plasma stream. The amplitude of the current in the vortices reaches 50% of the total discharge current. The maximum EUV radiation power was measured in the mode of MPC operation with local xenon injection. Power in the wave range 12.2 ÷ 15.8 nm achieves up to 16 ÷ 18 kW.

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