Estimation of the segregation potential of fine-grained soils using the frost heave response of two reference soils

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marie Konrad
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Frost Heave ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Overburden Pressure ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Fine Grained Soil ◽  
Segregation Potential

The frost heave response of quarry fines from several locations in the Province of Quebec was studied in the laboratory using one-dimensional step-freezing tests with free access to water. Comparison of the segregation potential values obtained from these tests with available data on fine-grained soils revealed the importance of including clay mineralogy and overburden effects in any predictive empirical relationship, especially when fines are nonclays. A new approach is presented to estimate segregation potential values using the frost heave response of two reference soils. The reference characteristics consist of a relationship between segregation potential at zero overburden pressure, specific surface area, and average grain size of the fines fraction for two artificial soil mixtures in which the clay mineral is poorly crystallized kaolinite. The prediction of segregation potential values using the reference frost heave characteristics approach is more robust and reliable than other empirical approaches that do not specifically distinguish between clay and nonclay fines. Furthermore, the new approach was also efficient for the assessment of frost susceptibility of well-graded glacial tills.Key words: fine grained, soil, mineralogy, laboratory, fines, clay, nonclay.

Frost susceptibility related to soil index properties

1999 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marie Konrad
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Frost Heave ◽  
Assessment Methodology ◽  
Index Properties ◽  
Susceptibility Assessment ◽  
Overburden Pressure ◽  
Compressibility Index ◽  
Segregation Potential ◽  
Average Size

The analysis of frost-heave data on several soils confirmed that segregation potential, hence frost susceptibility, of saturated soils was best related to the average size of the fines fraction, the specific surface area of the fines fraction, and the ratio of the material's water content to its liquid limit. The influence of overburden pressure can also be accounted for by an empirical relationship between the segregation potential, the average size of the fines fraction, and the compressibility index of the soil. The segregation potential was also proportional to the relative fines content in soils where the fines do not completely fill the voids of the coarser fraction. This study led to the development of a new frost-susceptibility assessment methodology based on simple geotechnical routine soil index testing that was validated on a highway site on frost-susceptible subgrade till.Key words: frost heave, index properties, criteria, soil, segregation potential.

Role of phase equilibrium in frost heave of fine-grained soil under negligible overburden pressure

1985 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshisuke Nakano ◽  
Kaoru Horiguchi
Keyword(s):  
Phase Equilibrium ◽  
Frost Heave ◽  
Overburden Pressure ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fine Grained Soil

Field frost heave predictions using the segregation potential concept

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Nixon
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
Frost Heave ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Potential Approach ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Practical Engineering ◽  
Segregation Potential ◽  
Pipe Lines

The Konrad–Morgenstern theory of frost heave using the segregation potential concept is briefly outlined, and the method of predicting frost heave under field conditions is reviewed. A recent paper by Nixon et al. describes the operation and results from two circular frost heave test plates installed at the Foothills Pipe Lines test facility in Calgary. The frost heave theory using the segregation potential approach has been applied in its simplest form to predict the frost heave beneath these test plates and the agreement is found to be very good. Current geothermal modelling, coupled with the Konrad–Morgenstern theory of frost heave, appears to be capable of reasonable predictions of frost heave in fine-grained soils under practical engineering conditions.

Field Test Study on Frost-Heave of Subgrade in Seasonal Frozen Region along Haerbin-Dalian Passenger Dedicate Line

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Fang Hou ◽  
Yong Li Wang ◽  
Jun Feng
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Frost Heave ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Construction Technique ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Fine Grained Soil

The new constructing railway Haerbin-Dalian Dedicate Line runs through the typical seasonal frozen region. For the purpose of estimating the quality of subgrade construction, a field test was played. Placed the monitoring instrument and measure the soil temperature, settlement and soil pressure etc.. The monitoring data shows that the change of soil temperature is less than the environment temperature. The maximum frost depth is 1.66m. In this depth, the fine-grained soil with high frost-heave characteristic should not be as the subgrade. The effective measure to prevent the rain percolated through the subgrade is important. And the filling of subgrade should be constructed strictly according to the maximal degree of compaction and keep the best water content. The settlement of subgrade is less than 15mm, the water content is also less than the prime frost-heave water content and the frost-heave force is very small. Thus, the construction technique subgrade is feasible.

Prediction of frost heave in the laboratory during transient freezing

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-M. Konrad ◽  
N. R. Morgenstern
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Frost Heave ◽  
Freezing Soil ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Segregation Potential ◽  
Rate Of Cooling

Previous studies have demonstrated that, close to steady-state conditions, the ratio of the water intake velocity to the temperature gradient across the frozen fringe, called the segregation potential, is an important property characterizing a freezing soil. Under the more general conditions of transient freezing it is shown that the freezing characteristics of a given soil under zero applied load are defined by the segregation potential, the suction at the frozen–unfrozen interface, and the rate of cooling of the frozen fringe. These parameters form a relationship called the characteristic frost heave surface that can be used to predict mass transfer during the freezing of fine-grained soils. Examples of freezing tests conducted under various conditions are reproduced numerically to illustrate the fundamental character of this surface.

Discrete ice lens theory for frost heave in soils

1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 843-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. (Derick) Nixon
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Soil Freezing ◽  
Frost Heave ◽  
Overburden Pressure ◽  
Discrete Location ◽  
Freezing Soil ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Segregation Potential

The existing segregation potential (SP) method for frost heave prediction in soils is semiempirical in nature and does not explicitly predict the relationship between heave rate, temperature gradient, and other more fundamental soil properties. The SP method assumes that the heave rate is directly related to the temperature gradient at the frost front but acknowledges that the SP parameter is dependent on pressure, suction at the frost front, cooling rate, soil type, and so forth. This paper extends and modifies an approximate analytical technique of Gilpin and accounts for the effects of distributed phase change within the freezing fringe in both the head- and mass-transfer components of the formulation. The approach requires as input a relationship between frozen hydraulic conductivity and temperature and predicts the discrete location of each ice lens within the freezing soil. The solution can be carried out quickly on a microcomputer to obtain the heave, suction at the frost front, ice lens temperature, and other results of interest with time. Furthermore, the discrete ice lens method predicts the effects of changing overburden pressure on the predicted heave rate. A method of extracting input parameters for the discrete ice lens procedure from a series of frost heave tests is proposed. The discrete ice theory has been tested and calibrated against well-documented frost heave test results in the literature, and very encouraging agreement between prediction and observation has been obtained. Key words: frost heave, discrete ice lens, segregation potential, hydraulic conductivity of frozen soil, freezing soil.

scholarly journals Modeling the Compaction Characteristics of Fine-Grained Soils Blended with Tire-Derived Aggregates

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7737
Author(s):  
Amin Soltani ◽  
Mahdieh Azimi ◽  
Brendan C. O’Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
Compaction Characteristics ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Practical Procedure ◽  
Fine Grained Soil

This study aims at modeling the compaction characteristics of fine-grained soils blended with sand-sized (0.075–4.75 mm) recycled tire-derived aggregates (TDAs). Model development and calibration were performed using a large and diverse database of 100 soil–TDA compaction tests (with the TDA-to-soil dry mass ratio ≤ 30%) assembled from the literature. Following a comprehensive statistical analysis, it is demonstrated that the optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry unit weight (MDUW) for soil–TDA blends (across different soil types, TDA particle sizes and compaction energy levels) can be expressed as universal power functions of the OMC and MDUW of the unamended soil, along with the soil to soil–TDA specific gravity ratio. Employing the Bland–Altman analysis, the 95% upper and lower (water content) agreement limits between the predicted and measured OMC values were, respectively, obtained as +1.09% and −1.23%, both of which can be considered negligible for practical applications. For the MDUW predictions, these limits were calculated as +0.67 and −0.71 kN/m3, which (like the OMC) can be deemed acceptable for prediction purposes. Having established the OMC and MDUW of the unamended fine-grained soil, the empirical models proposed in this study offer a practical procedure towards predicting the compaction characteristics of the soil–TDA blends without the hurdles of performing separate laboratory compaction tests, and thus can be employed in practice for preliminary design assessments and/or soil–TDA optimization studies.

scholarly journals Assessment for Thermal Conductivity of Frozen Soil Based on Nonlinear Regression and Support Vector Regression Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Fu-Qing Cui ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Zhi-Yun Liu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jian-bing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Support Vector Regression ◽  
Nonlinear Regression ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Soil Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fine Grained Soil

The comprehensive understanding of the variation law of soil thermal conductivity is the prerequisite of design and construction of engineering applications in permafrost regions. Compared with the unfrozen soil, the specimen preparation and experimental procedures of frozen soil thermal conductivity testing are more complex and challengeable. In this work, considering for essentially multiphase and porous structural characteristic information reflection of unfrozen soil thermal conductivity, prediction models of frozen soil thermal conductivity using nonlinear regression and Support Vector Regression (SVR) methods have been developed. Thermal conductivity of multiple types of soil samples which are sampled from the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor (QTEC) are tested by the transient plane source (TPS) method. Correlations of thermal conductivity between unfrozen and frozen soil has been analyzed and recognized. Based on the measurement data of unfrozen soil thermal conductivity, the prediction models of frozen soil thermal conductivity for 7 typical soils in the QTEC are proposed. To further facilitate engineering applications, the prediction models of two soil categories (coarse and fine-grained soil) have also been proposed. The results demonstrate that, compared with nonideal prediction accuracy of using water content and dry density as the fitting parameter, the ternary fitting model has a higher thermal conductivity prediction accuracy for 7 types of frozen soils (more than 98% of the soil specimens’ relative error are within 20%). The SVR model can further improve the frozen soil thermal conductivity prediction accuracy and more than 98% of the soil specimens’ relative error are within 15%. For coarse and fine-grained soil categories, the above two models still have reliable prediction accuracy and determine coefficient (R2) ranges from 0.8 to 0.91, which validates the applicability for small sample soils. This study provides feasible prediction models for frozen soil thermal conductivity and guidelines of the thermal design and freeze-thaw damage prevention for engineering structures in cold regions.

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