LYCOPODIUM ALKALOIDS: III. FUNCTIONAL GROUPS OF SOME MINOR ALKALOIDS OF L. ANNOTINUM

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1189-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Perry ◽  
David B. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Double Bond ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Molecular Compound ◽  
Ether Linkage ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Lycopodium Alkaloids ◽  
Hydroxyl Absorption

Four minor alkaloids of L. annotinum have been examined by chemical methods and infrared spectroscopy for their functional groups. Acrifoline (L.27) C16H23O2N has a double bond, a carbonyl group, and an hydroxyl function. Annotine (L.11) C16H21O3N has a double bond, a carbonyl group, an hydroxyl function, and an inert oxygen probably present in an ether linkage. Alkaloid L.12 (C18H25O3N) is O-acetylacrifoline. Alkaloid L.8 (C16H25O2N) has only been studied by infrared spectroscopy where it shows carbonyl and hydroxyl absorption. All four alkaloids therefore contain a basic tetracyclic ring system as do the majority of other lycopodium alkaloids. Annotoxine, a molecular compound of acrifoline and annotine, has been isolated from extracts of Canadian plant material.

scholarly journals An orthorhombic polymorph of (E)-1-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one

IUCrData ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Naveen ◽  
A. Dileep Kumar ◽  
M. V. Deepa Urs ◽  
K. Ajay Kumar ◽  
N. K. Lokanath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Dihedral Angle ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Ring Plane ◽  
Compound C ◽  
Olefinic Double Bond ◽  
A Chain

The title compound, C16H10Cl2O3, is almost planar with a dihedral angle of 0.14 (16)° between the benzodioxole ring system and the dichlorobenzene ring that are bridged by the olefinic double bond. The corresponding value reported for the monoclinic polymorph is [5.57 (9)° (Lokeshwariet al.(2017).IUCrData,2, x170103). The carbonyl group lies almost in the plane of the olefinic double bond and is twisted slightly from the benzodioxole ring plane. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by weak C—H...O and C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, forming a chain propagating along theb-axis direction.

Participation by some oxygen containing groups in hypobromous acid addition to double bond

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 3660-3673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Kočovský
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Relative Reactivity ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Acid Addition ◽  
Hypobromous Acid ◽  
Electron Withdrawing Substituents

5(O)n and 6(O)π,n participations by some oxygen containing functional groups in the course of reaction with hypobromous acid have been studied on olefinic models of steroid type (I and II). The ability of these groups to participate has been compared on the basis of their relative reactivity with water (as externally attacking nucleophile) competing with participation. The results of the product analysis show that the ability to react with 5(O)n participation decreases in the order HO > CH3O ≃ CH3OCH2O > CH3CO2 > HCO2 > CH3SO3 ≥ (C2H5O)2PO2 > C6H5CO2 > O2NO ≫ CF3CO2, C2H5OCO2; in the last two functional groups is this ability completely suppressed. The 6(O)π,n participation comes in consideration only for compounds of the type II bearing the groups with the -X=O moiety which are ordered in the following sequence: C2H5OCO2 ≃ CH3CO2 ≥ (C2H5O)2PO2 > HCO2 > C6H5CO2. The remaining functional groups (CF3CO2, O2NO and CH3SO3do not undergo this process. Generally, it is valid that introduction of electron-withdrawing substituents into a participating group impedes or completely suppresses its ability to participate.

scholarly journals Synthesis of a sucrose dimer with enone tether; a study on its functionalization

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1246-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Pakulski ◽  
Norbert Gajda ◽  
Magdalena Jawiczuk ◽  
Jadwiga Frelek ◽  
Piotr Cmoch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Dichroism ◽  
Double Bond ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Cd Spectroscopy ◽  
Allylic Alcohol ◽  
Circular Dichroïsm

The reaction of appropriately functionalized sucrose phosphonate with sucrose aldehyde afforded a dimer composed of two sucrose units connected via their C6-positions (‘the glucose ends’). The carbonyl group in this product (enone) was stereoselectively reduced with zinc borohydride and the double bond (after protection of the allylic alcohol formed after reduction) was oxidized with osmium tetroxide to a diol. Absolute configurations of the allylic alcohol as well as the diol were determined by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy using the in situ dimolybdenum methodology.

Determination of Hydrocarbon Functional Groups by Infrared Spectroscopy

1952 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Hastings ◽  
A. T. Watson ◽  
R. B. Williams ◽  
J. A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Functional Groups

scholarly journals Stereoselective total syntheses of (±)-sinularene and (±)-5-epi-sinularene: a general intramolecular Diels–Alder approach to tricyclic sesquiterpenes

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Antczak ◽  
John F. Kingston ◽  
Alex G. Fallis
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Exocyclic Double Bond ◽  
Total Syntheses ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Secondary Hydroxyl ◽  
Selective Hydrogenolysis

Stereoselective total synthesis of (±)-sinularene and (±)-5-epi-sinularene are described. The sequence employs a "blocked" cyclopentadiene in which the cyclopropane unit also serves as a latent methyl group. Thus intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition of the substituted methyl spiro[2.4]hepta-4,6-dien-1-yl)-2-pentenoate 11 affords 5-benzyloxy-6-isopropyl-8-carbomethoxytetracyclo[5.4.01,7.02,4.02,9]undec-10-ene (12) which after selective hydrogenolysis generates the tricyclo[4.4.01,6.02,8]decane (sinularene) ring system. Removal of the secondary hydroxyl function (Ph3P/CCl4/CH3CN; H2/Pd/C), reduction of the methyl ester (LiAlH4), and introduction of the exocyclic double bond (acetate pyrolysis, 550 °C) completes the synthesis of (±)-sinularene in 14 steps from cyclopentadiene. A parallel series of reactions employing the isopropyl epimer of 12 affords (±)-5-epi-sinularene.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening, Spectrum Profile of Functional Groups, and Effervescent Formulation of Kepok Banana Peels Stem Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Robby Candra Purnama ◽  
Annisa Primadiamanti
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Group Profile ◽  
Banana Stem

Kepok banana plants contain secondary metabolites such as tannins and flavonoids. Tannins and flavonoids have various properties for human health. Research has been carried out to identify secondary metabolite compounds (tannins, flavonoids, and saponins) by using the phytochemical screening method to see the functional group profile contained in the extract of kepok banana stem waste. Kepok banana stem waste was extracted in 96% ethanol, then evaporated and screened phytochemically. This extract was used to prepare effervescently. Screening results showed that tannin and flavonoids were identified by the appearance of the following color black-green and dark red, respectively. Meanwhile, saponins were negative because the foam formed had a height of 0.3 cm and did not meet the saponins' positive requirements (1-3 cm high foam and stable for 5 minutes). Identification of functional groups in the extract of kepok banana stem waste using Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that C-C stretching in the area 2927.24 cm-1, O-H stretching in the 3423.87 cm-1 area, C=O stretching in the 1648.87 cm-1 area. Also appeared bending CH2 in the region of 1421.45 cm-1, and C-C in the area of 1149.98 cm-1. The characteristics of three different formulas (A, B, and C) of effervescent have been investigated: the moisture content of 2.51%; 2.55%, and 2.52%, respectively. Then, flow rate of 8.81 g/s; 8.83 g/s; and 8.82 g/s, compressibility of 14.5%; 14.4%; and 14.5%, and a pH of 5.97; 5.98; and 5.97 respectively. All parameters are eligible.

Double bond terminated Ln3+-doped LiYF4 nanocrystals with strong single band NIR emission: simple click chemistry route to make water dispersible nanocrystals with various functional groups

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 3080-3085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brahmaiah Meesaragandla ◽  
Debashrita Sarkar ◽  
Venkata N. K. B. Adusumalli ◽  
Venkataramanan Mahalingam
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Click Chemistry ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Single Band ◽  
Water Dispersible ◽  
Nir Emission

A simple thiol–ene click chemistry strategy to develop upconverting nanocrystals with different functional groups.

Cu(II)-Catalyzed [3+2] Annulation of Thioamides with AIBN: Facile Access to Highly Functionalized Thiazolidine-4-ones

Synthesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragya Pali ◽  
Dhananjay Yadav ◽  
Gaurav Shukla ◽  
Maya Shankar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Thiazolidine Ring ◽  
Coupling Partner

An efficient and versatile copper-catalyzed unprecedented intermolecular radical [3 + 2] annulation of thioamides with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) is described. This two-component one-pot copper(II)-catalyzed transformation has been achieved via cascade formation of C-S/C−N bonds through the cyclization of in situ generated N,S-acetal intermediate from β-ketothioamide. This operationally simple method allows direct access to synthetically demanding thiazolidin-4-ones in good to excellent yields containing diverse functional groups of different electronic and steric nature. Remarkably, the readily available reaction partners, avoidance of expensive/toxic reagents and the gram scale synthesis are additional attributes to this strategy. AIBN here plays a dual role as radical initiator and unusual source of two carbon coupling partner. Notably, the products possess Z-stereochemistry with regard to the exocyclic C=C double bond at the 2-position of the thiazolidine ring.

scholarly journals Determination of glomalin in agriculture and forest soils by near-infrared spectroscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 226-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbíral Jiří ◽  
Čižmár David ◽  
Malý Stanislav ◽  
Obdržálková Elena
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Sustainable Land Management ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Calibration Models

Determining and characterizing soil organic matter (SOM) cheaply and reliably can help to support decisions concerning sustainable land management and climate policy. Glomalin was recommended as one of possible indicators of SOM quality. Extracting glomalin from and determining it in soils using classical chemical methods is too complicated and therefore near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was studied as a method of choice for the determination of glomalin. Representative sets of 84 different soil samples from arable land and grasslands and 75 forest soils were used to develop NIRS calibration models. The parameters of the NIRS calibration model (R = 0.90 for soils from arable land and grasslands and R = 0.94 for forest soils) proved that glomalin can be determined in air-dried soils by NIRS with adequate trueness and precision simultaneously with determination of nitrogen and oxidizable carbon.

Structural Study of Flavonoids and Their Protonated Forms

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 784-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Tóth ◽  
Milan Remko ◽  
Milan Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Phenyl Ring ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Quantum Chemical Methods ◽  
Ring Rotation ◽  
Protonated Forms ◽  
Conformational Properties ◽  
Ether Oxygen ◽  
Stable Structures

The highly successful semiempirical quantum chemical methods AM1 (Austin Model 1) and PM3 (a reparametrization of AM1) were applied to an investigation of the conformational properties of flavone, 3-hydroxyflavone, isoflavone and 2-hydroxyisoflavone. The most stable structures correspond to the non-planar forms with an angle of phenyl ring rotation out of the chromone moiety from a relatively narrow interval (28° - 38°). The mono- and diprotonation of these compounds was also investigated. The prominent site of protonation is the oxygen of the carbonyl group with a protonation enthalpy from the interval of about 900 -920 kJ.mol-1. The protonation enthalpy for protonation of the ether oxygen was computed to be about 200 kJ.mol-1 lower. Adding a second proton to monoprotonated species studied resulted in much lower protonation enthalpies compared to monoprotonation. The geometry of the studied compounds upon protonation changed considerably.

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