Acyl azide photolysis. Proximity and ring-size factors and mechanism

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (21) ◽  
pp. 2599-2604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivor Brown ◽  
O. E. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Species ◽  
Ring Size ◽  
Direct Photolysis ◽  
Acyl Azide

Photolysis of hexanoyl azide in cyclohexane gave 6-methyl-2-piperidone (13%), 5-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone (8%), and N-cyclohexylhexanamide (3%). In contrast, photosensitized decomposition of the azide with acetophenone gave hexanamide (78%), cyclohexene (11%), and dicyclohexyl (11%), but no lactams. It is concluded that the direct photolysis gives singlet acyl nitrene as the reactive species, which yields the δ-lactam preferentially. The importance of proximity in determining the γ- to δ-lactam ratio is emphasized.

Ring size effect in McMurry cyclization of 1,ω-di((azulen-1-yl)-carbonyl) alkanes

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Eugenia Andreea DRAGU ◽  
◽  
Alexandru C. RAZUS ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Ring Size

Heat Transfer in a Ferromagnetic Chemically Reactive Species

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hassan Tahir ◽  
Umair Khan ◽  
Anwarud Din ◽  
Yu-Ming Chu ◽  
Noor Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
Chemically Reactive Species

scholarly journals Development of an electrochemical sensor for in-situ monitoring of reactive species produced by cold physical plasma

2021 ◽  
Vol 326 ◽  
pp. 129007
Author(s):  
Zahra Nasri ◽  
Giuliana Bruno ◽  
Sander Bekeschus ◽  
Klaus-Dieter Weltmann ◽  
Thomas von Woedtke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Physical Plasma

l-Prolinal Dithioacetal: A Highly Effective Organocatalyst for the Direct Nitro-Michael Addition to Selected Cyclic and Aromatic Ketones

Synthesis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (17) ◽  
pp. 3356-3368
Author(s):  
Piotr Pomarański ◽  
Zbigniew Czarnocki
Keyword(s):  
Michael Addition ◽  
Ring Size ◽  
Cyclic Ketones ◽  
Asymmetric Syntheses ◽  
Aromatic Ketones ◽  
Ring Systems ◽  
Effective Catalyst ◽  
Acetophenone Derivatives ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Related Compounds

The synthesis of novel l-prolinal dithioacetal and its application as an organocatalyst for the direct Michael addition of cyclic ketones and acetophenone derivatives to trans-β-nitrostyrene and related compounds is described. The prolinal dithioacetal acts as effective catalyst in the case of cyclic ketones of different ring size, in particular five- and six-membered examples, as well as larger and smaller ring systems. High enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity is observed for different substrates and trans-β-nitrostyrenes. Also, the first asymmetric syntheses of selected 2-methyl-4-nitro-1,3-diphenylbutan-1-one derivatives by application of the obtained organocatalyst is presented.

scholarly journals The Role of the Reactive Species Involved in the Photocatalytic Degradation of HDPE Microplastics Using C,N-TiO2 Powders

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aranza Denisse Vital-Grappin ◽  
Maria Camila Ariza-Tarazona ◽  
Valeria Montserrat Luna-Hernández ◽  
Juan Francisco Villarreal-Chiu ◽  
Juan Manuel Hernández-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Degradation Behaviors ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Process

Microplastics (MPs) are distributed in a wide range of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems throughout the planet. They are known to adsorb hazardous substances and can transfer them across the trophic web. To eliminate MPs pollution in an environmentally friendly process, we propose using a photocatalytic process that can easily be implemented in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). As photocatalysis involves the formation of reactive species such as holes (h+), electrons (e−), hydroxyl (OH●), and superoxide ion (O2●−) radicals, it is imperative to determine the role of those species in the degradation process to design an effective photocatalytic system. However, for MPs, this information is limited in the literature. Therefore, we present such reactive species’ role in the degradation of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) MPs using C,N-TiO2. Tert-butanol, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), Tiron, and Cu(NO3)2 were confirmed as adequate OH●, h+, O2●− and e− scavengers. These results revealed for the first time that the formation of free OH● through the pathways involving the photogenerated e− plays an essential role in the MPs’ degradation. Furthermore, the degradation behaviors observed when h+ and O2●− were removed from the reaction system suggest that these species can also perform the initiating step of degradation.

Relevance of mitochondrial dysfunction during Sorafenib-induced cell death in liver cancer cells. Role of oxidative and nitrogen reactive species

2021 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Patricia de la Cruz-Ojeda ◽  
M. Ángeles Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
Elena Navarro-Villarán ◽  
Paloma Gallego ◽  
Pavla Staňková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
Liver Cancer Cells ◽  
Nitrogen Reactive Species

Non-thermal pulsed plasma activated water: environmentally friendly way for efficient surface modification of semiconductor nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Galář ◽  
Josef Khun ◽  
Anna Fučíková ◽  
Kateřina Dohnalová ◽  
Tomáš Popelář ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Free Surface ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Semiconductor Nanoparticles ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
Pulsed Plasma ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Activated Water

Non-thermal plasma activated water can be used for cheap, easy and chemicals-free surface modification of nanoparticles, with all the reactive species originating solely in air and water.

Ketoprofen degradation by surface reactive species on TiO2, AgxOy/MoxOy/catalysts

2021 ◽  
pp. 129687
Author(s):  
Andrés Suárez-Escobar ◽  
Vicente Rodríguez-González ◽  
Carlos Gallardo-Vega ◽  
Edwin Sarria ◽  
Lorena Clavijo
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Species
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