Phosphorus forms and related soil chemistry of Podzolic soils on northern Vancouver Island. I. A comparison of two forest types

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1714-1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J Cade-Menun ◽  
Shannon M Berch ◽  
Caroline M Preston ◽  
L M Lavkulich
Keyword(s):  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Phosphorus Forms ◽  
P Immobilization ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Soil Colloids

When cedar-hemlock (CH) and hemlock - amabalis fir (HA) forests of northern Vancouver Island are clearcut and replanted, growth of replanted trees is often poor on CH clearcuts but not adjacent HA clearcuts. This poor growth can be overcome with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization, which suggests differences in nutrient cycling between CH and HA forests. The objective of this study was to investigate soil P in mature, uncut stands of CH and HA forests. The results suggest that there are no inherent differences in soil P concentration between the CH and HA forests. The diversity of P forms as revealed by 31P-NMR spectroscopy was typical of cool, moist acidic forests with high P immobilization. Diester phosphates were found throughout the soil profile, albeit at very low levels in the mineral horizons. Phosphorus forms and cycling were vertically stratified down the profile. Most of the P in the LF horizon was in organic forms typical of litterfall. In the more humified H horizon the P forms were more typical of soil organisms. The high C/N and C/P ratios in the LF and H horizons at the CH site are consistent with microbial immobilization. In the upper Bhf horizon, inorganic P was predominantly nonoccluded. Organic P was present, mainly as orthophosphate monoesters, which were probably adsorbed on soil colloids. In the lower Bhf horizon, most P was occluded in amorphous sesquioxides, with low levels of organic P, mainly as orthophosphate monoesters.

Dynamics of phosphorus fractions in soils treated with dairy manure

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
L. B. Braos ◽  
A. C. T. Bettiol ◽  
L. G. Di Santo ◽  
M. E. Ferreira ◽  
M. C. P. Cruz
Keyword(s):  
P Uptake ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Inorganic P Fractions

The evaluation of phosphorus (P) transformations in soil after application of manure or mineral P can improve soil management and optimise P use by plants. The objectives of the present study were to assess organic and inorganic P forms in two soils treated with dairy manure and triple superphosphate and to establish relationships between soil P fraction levels and P availability. Soil organic and inorganic P fractions were quantified using a pot experiment with two soils, a typical Hapludox and an arenic Hapludult, with three types of fertiliser treatments applied (no fertiliser application, application of dairy manure, and application of triple superphosphate, by adding 100 mg P dm–3 in the form of fertiliser in the two latter treatments) and four incubation times (15, 45, 90, and 180 days). Inorganic P was fractionated into aluminium-bound, iron-bound, occluded, and calcium-bound P. Organic P was extracted sequentially using sodium bicarbonate, hydrochloric acid, microbial biomass, sodium hydroxide, and residual organic P. After incubation, maize plants were cropped to quantify dry matter yield and absorbed P. Application of dairy manure resulted in a significant increase in most of the organic P fractions, and application of triple superphosphate led to a significant increase in inorganic P fractions. Both fertilisers raised labile organic P fractions in the two soils. The major sinks of P in Hapludox were occluded and fulvic acid-associated P. In contrast, the major sink of P in Hapludult was iron-bound P. The available P levels were stable after application of dairy manure, and decreased with time when fertilised with triple superphosphate. In the Hapludox, the organic P fractions had a significant positive correlation with P uptake by plants. The results suggest that organic P mineralisation plays a more significant role in plant P uptake in the Hapludox soil and inorganic P forms are the main contributors to plant P uptake in the Hapludult soil.

Phosphorus cycling in wheat-pasture rotations. III. Organic phosphorus turnover and phosphorus cycling

Soil Research ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Mclaughlin ◽  
AM Alston ◽  
JK Martin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Cycling ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Wheat Pasture ◽  
P Cycle

The incorporation of 32P and 33P from 33P-labelled fertilizer and 33P-labelled pasture residues into organic and inorganic fractions of soil P was studied in a solonized brown soil (Calcixerollic xerochrept) cropped to wheat (Triticum aestivum). Most of the plant residue 33P was present as inorganic P at the time it was added to the soil, but only 7 days later almost 40% had been incorporated into organic P fractions of the soil. As the fertilizer was banded near the soil surface at sowing, little of the 32P from the 32P-labelled fertilizer was incorporated into organic forms, even after 95 days. From a knowledge of the P uptake by the plants and microorganisms, an integrated P cycle for this soil under wheat-pasture rotations was developed. We propose that fertilization of the pasture phase of the rotation stimulates the build-up of residual inorganic and organic P, while fertilization of the wheat phase predominantly stimulates the accumulation of inorganic forms of P in the soil.

FORMS OF PHOSPHORUS IN A SEQUENCE OF SOILS DEVELOPED ON FRASER RIVER ALLUVIUM

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-369
Author(s):  
MATT K. JOHN ◽  
E. H. GARDNER
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Standard Soil ◽  
Soil Forming Processes

The distribution of different forms of phosphorus was determined for soil samples and particle size fractions from a sequence of soils developed on Fraser River alluvium. The values for inorganic P when apportioned as aluminum-P, iron-P, reductant-P and calcium-P were found to be dependent on soil-forming processes. Calcium-P levels decreased and iron-P and organic-P levels increased with increasing distance from the river, and with more pronounced profile development. Changes in the relative amounts of these various forms of soil P occurred over relatively short distances and affected the amounts of P extracted in standard soil testing methods. P levels depended very little on soil texture for the majority of the soils, although there was some evidence in favor of fine particle sizes over the sand fractions as a source of P in one of the profiles.

scholarly journals Implications of long-term superphosphate applications on the accumulation and plant availability of soil phosphorus under irrigated pastures

1990 ◽  
pp. 191-193
Author(s):  
L.M. Condron ◽  
K.M. Goh
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
P Addition ◽  
Apparent Stability

Changes in soil phosphorus (P) associated with the establishment and maintenance of improved ryegrass-clover pasture under different superphosphate fertiliser treatments were examined over a 20-year period (1957-77). Results showed that soil organic P increased with increasing applications of P fertiliser. This represents a dynamic balance between rates of organic P addition and breakdown in the soil. This balance is reached slowly and may be significantly altered only by drastic changes in land use. In annually fertilised soils, amounts of inorganic P increased with time. However, the potential utilisation of this residual inorganic P is limited by its apparent stability in the soil. Keywords grazed pasture, irrigation, fertiliser P, soil inorganic P, soil organic P, soil P fractionation

scholarly journals Reviews and Syntheses: Ironing Out Wrinkles in the Soil Phosphorus Cycling Paradigm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt A. McConnell ◽  
Jason P. Kaye ◽  
Armen R. Kemanian
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Cycling ◽  
Organic P ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Plant System ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
P Cycling ◽  
Critical Challenge

Abstract. Soil phosphorus (P) management remains a critical challenge for agriculture worldwide, and yet we are still unable to predict soil P dynamics as confidently as that of carbon (C) or nitrogen (N). This is due to both the complexity of inorganic P (Pi) and organic P (Po) cycling and the methodological constraints that have limited our ability to trace P dynamics in the soil-plant system. In this review we describe the challenges to building parsimonious, accurate, and useful P models and to explore the potential of some new techniques to advance modeling efforts. To advance our understanding and modeling of P biogeochemistry, research efforts should focus on the following: 1) update the McGill and Cole (1981) model of Po mineralization by clarifying the role and prevalence of “biochemical” and “biological” Po mineralization which we hypothesize are not mutually exclusive and may co-occur along a continuum of Po substrate stoichiometry; 2) further understand the dynamics of phytate, a 6-C compound that can regulate the poorly understood stoichiometry of soil P; 3) explore the effects of C and Po saturation on P sorption and Po mineralization; and 4) resolve discrepancies between hypotheses about P cycling and the methods used to test these hypotheses.

INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS FORMS IN SOME ALBERTA SOILS AS RELATED TO SOIL DEVELOPMENT, PARENT MATERIAL AND AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Alexander ◽  
J. A. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Development ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Available P ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Phosphorus Forms ◽  
P Content ◽  
Close Relationship

Inorganic P forms in 18 profiles representing five great groups of Alberta soils were determined by the modified Chang and Jackson procedure. Ca-P is dominant in the Chernozemic Brown and Black soils and in the C horizons containing CaCO3, while Fe-P and Al-P or Occl-P are the main forms in the Podzolic soils. Three series high in available P contain appreciable amounts of Al-P and Fe-P in their surface horizons. The organic P content is relatively high in the soils exhibiting the least pedogenic development.With increasing degree of soil development, Fe-P and Occl-P tend to increase. However, parent materials have a marked influence on the distribution of inorganic P forms and a close relationship between soil development and distribution of inorganic P forms does not appear to exist in these soils. The Al-P and Fe-P forms seem to be the major sources of available P in the soils studied.

THE INFLUENCE OF TOPOGRAPHY ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SOIL PHOSPHORUS ACROSS A NARROW ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENT

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. ROBERTS ◽  
J. W. B. STEWART ◽  
J. R. BETTANY
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Lower Slope ◽  
Total P

A sequential extraction procedure was used to determine phosphorus fractions (resin, bicarbonate, hydroxide, sonicated hydroxide, acid and acid-peroxide digest with separate organic and inorganic P determinations) in surface and subsurface horizons taken from the upper, mid- and lower slope positions of four catenas (representing Brown, Dark Brown and Black Chernozemic soils, and a Luvisolic soil) which encompass a narrow environmental gradient of climate (annual precipitation: 300–475 mm) and vegetation. Trends in the local distribution of organic and inorganic soil P between upper and lower slope positions in any one catena were similar to the regional distribution patterns across all soil zones. Concentration of organic P, in both the surface and subsurface horizons, increased from the upper to the lower slope positions and from the Brown to the Black soils, while inorganic P decreased. The largest single organic fraction (hydroxide extractable) accounted for up to 22 and 17% of the total P (surface and subsurface horizons, respectively). Acid extractable P dominated the inorganic fractions, accounting for 40–63% of the total P (surface and subsurface horizons, respectively). The distribution of organic P along the catenas and among the soil zones was related to the transformations of inorganic P caused by differences in weathering intensity between slope positions and across the Province. Key words: Catena, climo-toposequence, sequential P extraction

Phosphorus forms and related soil chemistry of Podzolic soils on northern Vancouver Island. II. The effects of clear-cutting and burning

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1726-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J Cade-Menun ◽  
Shannon M Berch ◽  
Caroline M Preston ◽  
L M Lavkulich
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Available P ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Slash Burning

When cedar-hemlock (CH) forests of northern Vancouver Island are clear-cut and replanted, growth of replanted trees is often poor. This growth check can be overcome with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization, suggesting that it may be because of deficiencies of these elements. A widely used site-preparation tool in these forests is slash burning. Because fire is known to alter nutrient cycling in forests, this burning may be contributing to the problem of poor seedling growth. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare P in forest floor and soils from clear-cut CH stands 10 years, 5 years, and immediately after burning to P concentrations and forms in undisturbed old growth CH stands. Analytical methods included extraction and digestion procedures, fractionation and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Soon after burning, an "ashbed effect" was noted, with increased pH and higher concentrations of available P in surface soil horizons. Available P concentrations and pH returned to preburn levels within 10 years. However, destruction of organic matter appeared to disrupt illuviation processes throughout the soil profile, producing long-term changes in organic matter, organic P, and organically complexed Fe and Al in lower mineral horizons. Total P concentrations were unchanged, but there was a shift from organic to inorganic P forms and changes in P forms with time at depth in the profile. These changes in P distribution and movement in the soil may contribute to the growth check observed in these forests.

scholarly journals Changes in Phosphorus Fractions on an Acidic Soil Induced by Phosphorus Fertilizer, Organic Matter and Lime

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Hartono ◽  
P.L.G. Vlek ◽  
A Moawad ◽  
A Rachim
Keyword(s):  
Cow Manure ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Phosphorus Fraction ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Exchangeable Aluminum ◽  
P Application ◽  
P Immobilization ◽  
Moderately Resistant

One month of incubation experiment was implemented to evaluate the changes of phosphorus fraction in inorganic P (Pi) and organic P (Po) induced by phosphorus fertilizer (KH2P04),cow manure ( manure) and CaC03 (lime). A 0.5 kg oven-dried weight of arable layers of Latosol from Darmaga, Bogor was used in this study. The rates of manure were 0, 12.5 and 25 ffha, lime were 0, 1, 3 times the CaC03 equivalent required to neutralize exchangeable aluminum amounting to 0, 3.01, 9.03 t/ha respectively and the rates of phosphorus fertilizer in KH2P04 were 0, 40 and 80 kg Plha. All treatments increased resin-Pi (biologically available P). Application of phosphorus fertilizer also increased NaHC03-Pi which is also included as biologically available PI whi!e manure and lime only tended to increase this fraction. Phosphorus fertilizer and manure application were able to enhance NaOH-Pi (moderately resistant P related to AI-P and Fe-P ) but lime did not affect it.Phosphorus fertilizer, manure and lime increased HCI-Pi (moderately resistant P related to Ca-P).The changes of NaHC03-Pi to resin-Pi and P immobilization by microorganism, which was indicated by the increase of NaHCOrPo (readily mineralizable), can be attributed to the decrease of NaHC03- Pi. The increase of NaOH-Pi by phosphorus fertilizer and manure indicated that the complexation of P fixation sites by PO6 and organic acids likely had occurred.

scholarly journals Reviews and syntheses: Ironing out wrinkles in the soil phosphorus cycling paradigm

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 5309-5333
Author(s):  
Curt A. McConnell ◽  
Jason P. Kaye ◽  
Armen R. Kemanian
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Cycling ◽  
Organic P ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Plant System ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
Biogeochemical Models ◽  
Critical Challenge

Abstract. Soil phosphorus (P) management remains a critical challenge for agriculture worldwide, and yet we are still unable to predict soil P dynamics as confidently as that of carbon (C) or nitrogen (N). This is due to both the complexity of inorganic P (Pi) and organic P (Po) cycling and the methodological constraints that have limited our ability to trace P dynamics in the soil–plant system. In this review, we describe the challenges for building parsimonious, accurate, and useful biogeochemical models that represent P dynamics and explore the potential of new techniques to usher P biogeochemistry research and modeling forward. We conclude that research efforts should focus on the following: (1) updating the McGill and Cole (1981) model of Po mineralization by clarifying the role and prevalence of biochemical and biological Po mineralization, which we suggest are not mutually exclusive and may co-occur along a continuum of Po substrate stoichiometry; (2) further understanding the dynamics of phytate, a six C compound that can regulate the poorly understood stoichiometry of soil P; (3) exploring the effects of C and Po saturation on P sorption and Po mineralization; and (4) resolving discrepancies between hypotheses about P cycling and the methods used to test these hypotheses.

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