Altered growth and fine root chemistry of Betula papyrifera and Acer saccharum under elevated CO2

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 842-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
William FJ Parsons ◽  
Brian J Kopper ◽  
Richard L Lindroth
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forests ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Root Starch ◽  
Root Chemistry

We investigated the effects of CO2 enrichment on fine root chemical composition of two tree species common to northern hardwood forests. Two-year-old Betula papyrifera and 3-year-old Acer saccharum saplings were grown under ambient (400 µmol·mol–1) and elevated (700 µmol·mol–1) CO2 in a glasshouse experiment. In both species, root/shoot ratios and fine root percentages (of total biomass) were unaltered by CO2 enrichment. Tissue nitrogen concentrations decreased in the fine roots, and consequently, C/N ratios increased with elevated CO2. In birch, only condensed tannins increased with CO2 enrichment, while root starch levels were conserved. In maple, neither condensed tannins nor hydrolysable tannins were positively influenced by elevated CO2. Both fine root biomass and chemistry responses of the tree saplings may be related to their successional status.

Juniperusoccidentalis juvenile foliage: advantages and disadvantages for a stress-tolerant, invasive conifer

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Miller ◽  
L.E. Eddleman ◽  
J.M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Fine Root ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Semiarid Environment ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Below Ground

Physiological processes for juvenile and adult foliage of Juniperusoccidentalis Hook. were compared to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of juvenile foliage for a stress-tolerant, invasive conifer. Above- and below-ground biomass allocation and monthly measurements (April through October) of gas exchange, water relations, foliar nitrogen concentrations, and growth were made for juvenile and small-adult trees in the field in central Oregon. Compared with small adults, juveniles have greater allocations to foliage and fine-root biomass, higher rates of CO2 assimilation, leaf conductance, and transpiration, and lower investments of biomass and nitrogen per unit of foliar area. Juvenile foliage is less costly to produce than adult foliage. The suite of physiological processes associated with juvenile awl-like foliage should enhance establishment and early growth of J. occidentalis. However, high rates of water loss, which are associated with high rates of CO2 assimilation of juvenile foliage, appear to be a liability for large trees in the semiarid environment of eastern Oregon. Once established, the transition to a more conservative use of resources associated with adult scale-like foliage is consistent with the stress-tolerant strategy of long-lived evergreen trees.

The dynamics of fine root length, biomass, and nitrogen content in two northern hardwood ecosystems

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2507-2520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Hendrick ◽  
Kurt S. Pregitzer
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Total N ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Fine Root Length

The dynamics of fine (<2.0 mm) roots were measured in two sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) dominated ecosystems (northern and southern sites) during 1989 and 1990 using a combination of minirhizotrons and destructive harvests of fine root biomass and N content. Greater than 50% of annual length production occurred before midsummer in both ecosystems, while the period of greatest mortality was from late summer through winter. About one third of annual fine root production and mortality occur simultaneously, with little observable change in total root length pools. Using fine root length dynamics to derive biomass production and mortality, we calculated annual biomass production values of approximately 8000 and 7300 kg•ha−1•year−1, respectively, at the southern and northern sites. Corresponding biomass mortality (i.e., turnover) values were 6700 and 4800 kg•ha−1•year−1, and total nitrogen returns to the soil from fine root mortality were 72 kg•ha−1•year−1 at the southern site and 54 kg•ha−1•year−1 at the northern site. Fine roots dominated total biomass and N litter inputs to the soil in both ecosystems, accounting for over 55% of total biomass and nearly 50% of total N returns. In both ecosystems, roots <0.5 mm comprised the bulk of fine root biomass and N pools, and the contribution of these roots to northern hardwood ecosystem carbon and nitrogen budgets may have been underestimated in the past.

Effects of thinning on fine root biomass and carbon storage of subalpine Picea asperata plantation in Western Sichuan Province, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 645-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Ke LIU ◽  
Chuan FAN ◽  
Xian-Wei LI ◽  
Yin-Hua LING ◽  
Yi-Gui ZHOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Western Sichuan ◽  
Picea Asperata

scholarly journals Fine root biomass and morphology in a temperate forest are influenced more by the nitrogen treatment approach than the rate

2021 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 108031
Author(s):  
Wen Li ◽  
Yifei Shi ◽  
Dandan Zhu ◽  
Wenqian Wang ◽  
Haowei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Treatment

scholarly journals Effect of earthworms on mycorrhization, root morphology and biomass of silver fir seedlings inoculated with black summer truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Unuk Nahberger ◽  
Gian Maria Niccolò Benucci ◽  
Hojka Kraigher ◽  
Tine Grebenc
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Parameters

AbstractSpecies of the genus Tuber have gained a lot of attention in recent decades due to their aromatic hypogenous fruitbodies, which can bring high prices on the market. The tendency in truffle production is to infect oak, hazel, beech, etc. in greenhouse conditions. We aimed to show whether silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) can be an appropriate host partner for commercial mycorrhization with truffles, and how earthworms in the inoculation substrate would affect the mycorrhization dynamics. Silver fir seedlings inoculated with Tuber. aestivum were analyzed for root system parameters and mycorrhization, how earthworms affect the bare root system, and if mycorrhization parameters change when earthworms are added to the inoculation substrate. Seedlings were analyzed 6 and 12 months after spore inoculation. Mycorrhization with or without earthworms revealed contrasting effects on fine root biomass and morphology of silver fir seedlings. Only a few of the assessed fine root parameters showed statistically significant response, namely higher fine root biomass and fine root tip density in inoculated seedlings without earthworms 6 months after inoculation, lower fine root tip density when earthworms were added, the specific root tip density increased in inoculated seedlings without earthworms 12 months after inoculation, and general negative effect of earthworm on branching density. Silver fir was confirmed as a suitable host partner for commercial mycorrhization with truffles, with 6% and 35% mycorrhization 6 months after inoculation and between 36% and 55% mycorrhization 12 months after inoculation. The effect of earthworms on mycorrhization of silver fir with Tuber aestivum was positive only after 6 months of mycorrhization, while this effect disappeared and turned insignificantly negative after 12 months due to the secondary effect of grazing on ectomycorrhizal root tips.

scholarly journals Biotic and Abiotic Determinants of Soil Organic Matter Stock and Fine Root Biomass in Mountain Area Temperate Forests—Examples from Cambisols under European Beech, Norway Spruce and Silver Fir (Carpathians, Central Europe)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 823
Author(s):  
Anna Zielonka ◽  
Marek Drewnik ◽  
Łukasz Musielok ◽  
Marcin K. Dyderski ◽  
Dariusz Struzik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Beech Forests

Forest ecosystems significantly contribute to the global organic carbon (OC) pool, exhibiting high spatial heterogeneity in this respect. Some of the components of the OC pool in a forest (woody aboveground biomass (wAGB), coarse root biomass (CRB)) can be relatively easily estimated using readily available data from land observation and forest inventories, while some of the components of the OC pool are very difficult to determine (fine root biomass (FRB) and soil organic matter (SOM) stock). The main objectives of our study were to: (1) estimate the SOM stock; (2) estimate FRB; and (3) assess the relationship between both biotic (wAGB, forest age, foliage, stand density) and abiotic factors (climatic conditions, relief, soil properties) and SOM stocks and FRB in temperate forests in the Western Carpathians consisting of European beech, Norway spruce, and silver fir (32 forest inventory plots in total). We uncovered the highest wAGB in beech forests and highest SOM stocks under beech forest. FRB was the highest under fir forest. We noted a considerable impact of stand density on SOM stocks, particularly in beech and spruce forests. FRB content was mostly impacted by stand density only in beech forests without any discernible effects on other forest characteristics. We discovered significant impacts of relief-dependent factors and SOM stocks at all the studied sites. Our biomass and carbon models informed by more detailed environmental data led to reduce the uncertainty in over- and underestimation in Cambisols under beech, spruce, and fir forests for mountain temperate forest carbon pools.

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