Saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera) using Populus in boreal aspen stands of western Canada: spatiotemporal variation and conservation of assemblages

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
HE James Hammond ◽  
David W Langor ◽  
John R Spence
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Saproxylic Beetles ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Canadian Boreal Forest

Saproxylic beetles associated with Populus coarse woody material were sampled from two age classes of fire-origin aspen stands in north-central Alberta, Canada. A combination of rearings from wood bolts and window traps attached to snags yielded 9571 beetles representing 257 taxa over the 3-year period (1993–1995). We investigated faunal variation across regions, stand ages (mature, 60–90 years; old, >100 years), decay classes, wood types, and years in terms of species richness, abundance, and trophic differences. Although trophic structure was similar, faunal composition differed between the two study regions. Species richness and abundance were similar across stand ages; however, many species were collected exclusively or in great majority from old stands and from snags of large diameter, which suggested that truncation of stand age structure through widespread industrial harvest could have serious consequences for saproxylic assemblages. Beetle species richness increased with the level of wood decay, whereas the total catch of beetles tended to be higher in early stages of decay. Wood borer abundance tended to be higher in snags; however, total species richness was higher in logs. Our analyses suggest that (i) many beetle species in the Canadian boreal forest depend directly upon standing and fallen large-diameter woody material from Populus trees, (ii) variation in stage of decay is critical to beetle diversity, and (iii) provision for retention of representative old stands is critical to conservation of saproxylic communities.

scholarly journals Assessing Ecological Risks from Atmospheric Deposition of Nitrogen and Sulfur to US Forests Using Epiphytic Macrolichens

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda H. Geiser ◽  
Peter R. Nelson ◽  
Sarah E. Jovan ◽  
Heather T. Root ◽  
Christopher M. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Critical Loads ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Total Species

Critical loads of atmospheric deposition help decision-makers identify levels of air pollution harmful to ecosystem components. But when critical loads are exceeded, how can the accompanying ecological risk be quantified? We use a 90% quantile regression to model relationships between nitrogen and sulfur deposition and epiphytic macrolichens, focusing on responses of concern to managers of US forests: Species richness and abundance and diversity of functional groups with integral ecological roles. Analyses utilized national-scale lichen survey data, sensitivity ratings, and modeled deposition and climate data. We propose 20, 50, and 80% declines in these responses as cut-offs for low, moderate, and high ecological risk from deposition. Critical loads (low risk cut-off) for total species richness, sensitive species richness, forage lichen abundance and cyanolichen abundance, respectively, were 3.5, 3.1, 1.9, and 1.3 kg N and 6.0, 2.5, 2.6, and 2.3 kg S ha−1 yr−1. High environmental risk (80% decline), excluding total species richness, occurred at 14.8, 10.4, and 6.6 kg N and 14.1, 13, and 11 kg S ha−1 yr−1. These risks were further characterized in relation to geography, species of conservation concern, number of species affected, recovery timeframes, climate, and effects on interdependent biota, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Effect of Cleaning Multiple-Funnel Traps on Captures of Bark and Woodboring Beetles in Northeastern United States

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 702
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Dodds ◽  
Marc F. DiGirolomo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Conifer Forests ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Broad Scale

Two experiments were conducted in mixed hardwood-conifer forests in the northeastern United States to test the effects of cleaning surfactant and non-surfactant treated multiple-funnel traps used to catch bark and woodboring beetles. Large amounts of pollen and other debris often form a crust on the interior of traps (personal observations). Such surface deposits may provide footholds for beetles to escape capture in traps. In one experiment, we tested cleaned surfactant and non-surfactant traps against non-cleaned surfactant and non-surfactant traps. In a second experiment, we tested field cleaning of modified multiple-funnel traps as an alternative to substituting clean traps on each collection visit. There was no effect of surfactant treated traps, cleaned or not, on total beetles or individual bark beetle species captured. However, in situ cleaned traps were statistically better at capturing total beetles, total bark beetles, and several bark beetle species than non-cleaned control traps. Surfactant-treated non-modified traps and cleaned modified traps had higher species richness and abundance than other treatments at the site level. Our results suggest that cleaning traps to remove accumulated pollen and debris may be helpful for some species but would have limited benefit for broad-scale trapping of bark and woodboring beetles in northeastern forests.

scholarly journals Lunar phobia in phyllostomid bats at La Ceiba, Tuxpan, Veracruz

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Pech Canché ◽  
Paola Deniss Coria Villegas ◽  
Ivette Alicia Chamorro-Florescano ◽  
José Lui Alanís Méndez ◽  
Miguel Ángel Lozano-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Full Moon ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Lunar Phases ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
New Moon ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Artibeus Lituratus ◽  
Total Species

The term lunar phobia is used to explain the behavior that some nocturnal animals have to avoid periods with greater moonlight intensity. The aim was to determine the effect of the brightness of the new moon and the fullmoon on the richness, abundance and diversity of the phyllostomid bat community at the La Ceiba estate, Tuxpan, Veracruz, where the study was conducted from October 2013 to February 2014 using five mist nets for two nights per month. We captured 142 bats belonging to eight species, with Artibeus lituratus being the species with the highest records in both lunar phases (74 individuals). Although no signicant differences were found in diversity between the two lunar phases, greater cumulative species richness and abundance were recorded in the new moon (eight species, 118 individuals) than the full moon (five species, 24 individuals). The signicant decrease in abundance between the new moon and the full moon, mainly of small frugivorous species, indicates that lunar luminosity affects bat activity. It also has an effect on total species richness as three species were exclusively recorded in the new moon phase.

scholarly journals Island species-area relationships in the Andaman islands emerge because rarer species are disproportionately favored on larger islands

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leana D. Gooriah ◽  
Priya Davidar ◽  
Jonathan M. Chase
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Island Species ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Species Area ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Total Species

AbstractThe Island Species-Area relationship (ISAR) describes how the number of species increases with increasing size of an island (or island-like habitat), and is of fundamental importance in island biogeography and conservation. Here, we use a framework based on individual-based rarefactions to infer whether ISARs result from random sampling, or whether some process are acting beyond sampling (e.g., disproportionate effects and/or habitat heterogeneity). Using data on total and relative abundances of four taxa (birds, butterflies, amphibians and reptiles) across the Andamans and Nicobar archipelago, we examine how different metrics of biodiversity (total species richness, rarefied species richness, and abundance-weighted effective numbers of species emphasizing common species) vary with island area. Total species richness increased for all taxa, as did rarefied species richness for a given sampling effort. This indicates that the ISAR did not result because of random sampling, but that instead, species were disproportionately favored on larger islands. This disproportionate effect was primarily due to changes in the abundance of rarer species, because there was no effect on the abundance-weighted diversity measure for all taxa except butterflies. Furthermore, for the two taxa for which we had plot-level data (lizards and frogs), within-island β -diversity did not increase with island size, suggesting that heterogeneity effects were unlikely to be driving these ISARS. Overall, our results indicate that the ISAR of these taxa is most likely because rarer species are more likely to survive and persist beyond that which would have been expected by random sampling alone, and emphasizes the role of these larger islands in the preservation and conservation of species.

scholarly journals Temporal and Spatial Use of Even-Aged Reproduction Stands by Bird Communities in Central Pennsylvania

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C. Talbott ◽  
Richard H. Yahner
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Overstory Trees ◽  
Total Species

Abstract In 1992, the Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry adopted a new forest management practice known as even-aged reproduction with reservation (EAR), which replaces clearcutting on state forestlands. The EAR guidelines mandate the retention of at least 12 trees/ha and 24–36 m2/ha of basal area, representing a diversity of overstory and understory species. During summer 1998, we compared the temporal (breeding season vs. mid-summer) and spatial (edge versus interior) use of EAR stands by birds. In addition, we compared observed vs. expected use of overstory trees in EAR stands. In each of ten representative EAR stands, we sampled birds twice per season along two-edge and two-interior transects. Total species richness and abundance (all species combined), species richness and abundance of ground-shrub foragers, and species richness of canopy-sallier foragers were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the breeding season than in mid-summer. Eight of 20 common bird species analyzed also were significantly (P < 0.05) more abundant during the breeding season (e.g., black-and-white warbler and chestnut-sided warbler), and one species was significantly (P < 0.05) more abundant during mid-summer. Total species richness, total abundance, and abundance of ground-shrub foragers were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in interiors compared to edges of EAR stands. Five species also were significantly (P < 0.05) more abundant in interiors of EAR stands, whereas no species was more common in edges. All species combined and three foraging guilds showed differential use (P < 0.05) of overstory tree species; eight species also differed significantly in their use of abundant tree species. Based on our findings, we believe that EAR stands are excellent substitutes for clearcuts on state forestlands, although we caution that our findings were based only on one yr of data. We recommend the continued retention of a diversity of overstory trees, especially snags and rough-barked trees, in both edges and interiors of EAR stands for use by a variety of bird species during both the breeding season and mid-summer. North. J. Appl. For. 20(3):117–123.

scholarly journals BEETLE DIVERSITY ASSOCIATED WITH FOREST STRUCTURE INCLUDING DEADWOOD IN SOFTWOOD AND HARDWOOD STANDS IN NOVA SCOTIA

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kehler ◽  
Soren Bondrup-Nielsen ◽  
Cristine Corkum
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Total Species ◽  
Bois Mort ◽  
Stand Characteristics

Associations between beetles and forest stand characteristics, as well as beetle diversity, were investigated for 41 forest stands in Nova Scotia, Canada. Over 200 morphospecies from 45 Families of beetles were caught using window flight-intercept traps. In both years, correspondence analysis revealed distinct groupings of softwood and hardwood stands based on species assemblages. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine associations between forest variables and total species richness. Analyses were conducted for all stands combined and for hardwood and softwood stands separately. Hardwood stands had greater beetle richness than softwood stands. Within hardwood stands, volume of intermediate-sized deadwood was the best predictor of total species richness. Within softwood stands, volume of well-decayed deadwood was the best predictor of total beetle richness. Deadwood volume was associated with stand age in softwoods, and it appears that over 140 years is required for deadwood volume to reach pre-disturbance levels.On a étudié des associations entre les coléoptères et les caractéristiques des peuplements ainsi que la diversité des coléoptères pour 41 peuplements de la Nouvelle-Écosse, au Canada. Plus de 200 morpho-espèces appartenant à 45 familles de coléoptères ont été capturées à l’aide de pièges-fenêtres. Pour les deux années, des analyses de correspondance ont révélé des regroupements distincts dans les peuplements de résineux et de feuillus, d’après les assemblages d’espèces. On s’est servi d’une analyse de régression multiple pour établir des associations entre des variables des forêts et la richesse totale en espèces. Des analyses ont été effectuées pour l’ensemble des1 peuplements et séparément pour les peuplements de feuillus et pour les peuplements de résineux. La richesse en coléoptères était plus grande dans les peuplements de feuillus, pour lesquels le volume de bois mort de taille moyenne constituait le meilleur indicateur de la richesse totale en espèces. En ce qui concerne les peuplements de résineux, c’était le volume de bois mort bien décomposé qui était le meilleur indicateur de la richesse totale en coléoptères. Dans le cas des résineux, le volume de bois mort était associé à l’âge du peuplement, et il semble qu’il faille plus de 140 ans pour retrouver les niveaux pré-perturbation.

scholarly journals Comparison of ant-associated beetle communities inhabiting mounds of forest-dwelling ants in forests and forest clearings

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 881-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salla K. Härkönen ◽  
Jouni Sorvari
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Formica Rufa Group ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

Red wood ant (Formica rufa group) nests contain a highly diverse community of invertebrates, which is largely due to their abundant resources and regulated microclimatic conditions. Clear-felling, however, causes nest mounds to lose surface layer moisture, thus disrupting their inner stability. To study the effects of clear-felling on ant-associated beetles (myrmecophile and non-myrmecophile), 41 nests of Formica aquilonia Yarrow, 1955 located on three clear-fells and adjacent mature forest stands were sampled, and the beetle communities between these habitats were compared. We investigated how habitat type, nest surface moisture content, nest volume, and isolation affect the community composition, species richness, and abundance of beetles. Beetle community composition or species richness did not markedly differ between clearings and forests, although total abundance was higher in forests. Also, total species richness and abundance and myrmecophile abundance increased with increasing moisture content. Overall, nests with similar moisture content and volume had similar species compositions. Nest volume was negatively correlated with myrmecophile species richness. Nest isolation was not related to species richness or abundance. The lower abundances in clearings could be problematic in the long term, as small populations are more likely to become extinct. To ensure the survival of ants and their associates, small-scale clearings should be preferred.

scholarly journals Influence of Fishing Activity on Total Species Richness and Abundance Unevenness in Reef Fish Communities: A Case Study in a Brazilian Tropical Coral Complex

2019 ◽  
pp. 58-76
Author(s):  
Jean Béguinot
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
Fishing Activity ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Tropical Coral ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
Hierarchical Structuring ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Total Species

The internal organization of reef-fish communities, particularly the species richness and the hierarchical structuring of species abundances, depends on many environmental factors, including fishing intensity and proportion of macroalgal cover which are expected to have determinant influences. However, reported studies on this topic are generally based on incomplete samplings (almost unavoidable in practice when dealing with highly uneven and species-rich communities), so that the derived results can be appreciably skewed. To overcome this difficulty, the incomplete samplings involved in this study were completed numerically through a reliable extrapolation procedure. This precaution provided a safe confirmation that reduced fishing activity and increased macroalgae cover both contribute to enhance the total species richness and to reduce the abundance unevenness in these reef fish communities.  Yet, it is shown that this reduction of abundance unevenness is almost entirely attributable to the increase in species richness.

Richness of epiphytic lichens in differently aged Picea abies plantations situated in the oceanic region of Central Norway

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga HILMO ◽  
Håkon HOLIEN ◽  
Håkan HYTTEBORN ◽  
Hilde ELY-AALSTRUP
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
Oceanic Region ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

AbstractThis study aims to investigate patterns of species richness and abundance in relation to stand age in 71 Picea abies plantations, aged between 9 and 85 years, situated in the oceanic region of Central Norway. The study has shown that plantations within the oceanic spruce forests can support a relatively high number of epiphytic lichen species. Some of the oldest plantations hosted several old-forest associated species, e.g. Hypogymnia vittata, Lobaria pulmonaria, Pseudocyphellaria crocata and Ramalina thrausta. The number of species was influenced significantly by stand age and increased rapidly in stands <20 years old. Stands >30 years old showed no clear increase in species number, except for a high number of species in the two oldest stands. The colonization pattern could be characterized as an additional entrance of species, rather than by a replacement sequence. The probability of occurrence increased steeply at young stand ages (<20 years) for Bryoria spp., Cavernularia hultenii, Platismatia glauca, Parmelia sulcata and Usnea spp. A lower rate of colonization was characteristic for Alectoria sarmentosa, Parmelia saxatilis and Platismatia norvegica. The cover of foliose lichens on the branches showed an almost unimodal response to stand age. The cover of lichens was highest on branches in middle-aged plantations. The reason for the lower lichen cover in late successional stages, compared to middle-aged stands, could be due to reduced light in the lower canopy of mature plantations. Increased rotation cycle, creation of gaps and short distance to sources of propagules are factors suggested to promote species richness and abundance in forest plantations.

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