Susceptibility of pretreated wood sections of Norway spruce (Picea abies) clones to enzymatic hydrolysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohama Puentes Rodriguez ◽  
Helena Puhakka-Tarvainen ◽  
Ossi Pastinen ◽  
Matti Siika-aho ◽  
Leila Alvila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
The Relationship

The structure of softwoods, which confers resistance to degradation through hydrolysis and decay, currently limits their use for the production of biofuels. However, since wood is very heterogeneous, it is possible that differences in wood properties within and between trees could differentially affect its processability. In this research, heartwood (inner) and sapwood (outer) from Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) clones were enzymatically hydrolyzed by Trichoderma viride cellulases after concentrated acid pretreatment. Wood sections with two particle sizes were compared based on their susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis, evaluated by assaying the formation of hydrolysis products and measured as reducing sugar yield (RSY). We also studied the relationship between RSY and the susceptibility to Heterobasidion parviporum wood decay and whether these traits are reflected in wood density and yield. Wood from the outer section produced more RSY with higher glucan but lower lignin content than wood from the inner section. Furthermore, susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis was positively correlated with H. parviporum wood decay, while both processes were negatively correlated with wood density. Our results revealed the importance of clonal trials for identifying suitable lignocellulosic biomass when considering wood properties and indicate that potential genotypes for the production of biofuels are not necessarily the most productive.

Differences in wood decay by Heterobasidion parviporum in cloned Norway spruce (Picea abies)

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Puentes Rodriguez ◽  
A. Zubizarreta Gerendiain ◽  
A. Pappinen ◽  
H. Peltola ◽  
P. Pulkkinen
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Fibre Properties ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Average Wood

In forest breeding, growth has been used as the main selection trait in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.), whereas wood properties or resistance to pathogens have been taken as secondary traits. We aimed to investigate, in laboratory conditions, the rate of wood decay caused by Heterobasidion parviporum (Fr.) Niemelä & Korhonen (strains 5 and 7) in 20 Norway spruce clones. We also studied if, on average, growth, wood density, and fibre properties differed in the most and least decayed clones as well as from pith to bark. After 6 months of incubation, strain 7 effected significantly higher wood decay than strain 5 (mean 16.9% and 1.7%, respectively). The difference between the five most decayed and five least decayed clones by strain 7 was also statistically significant (P < 0.05). Moreover, regardless of clone or strain, the wood decay was highest near the pith and lowest near the bark, which is the opposite for wood density and fibre length and width. However, neither wood density nor fibre properties explained, statistically, the differences in average wood decay and decay from pith to bark. On the other hand, we could identify clones that simultaneously provided high wood quantity and relatively high wood density and low decay rate.

scholarly journals Identification of Molecular Markers for Selected Wood Properties of Norway Spruce Picea abies L. (Karst.) I. Wood Density

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Markussen ◽  
A. Tusch ◽  
B. R. Stephan ◽  
M. Fladung
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Scar Markers ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Monomorphic Band ◽  
Subsequent Conversion ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe identification of AFLP markers and their subsequent conversion to SCAR-markers linked to wood density of Norway Spruce (Picea abies L [Karst.]) is described for the first time. In AFLP-analyses, 102 different primer enzyme combinations were screened in a bulked segregant approach comparing individuals with high and low wood density. A total of 107 polymorphic AFLP fragments were obtained between the DNA-pools. Twenty-three markers were selected for further analyses to verify their linkage to wood density based on individuals used for pool constitution and additional unrelated clonal material. For 15 markers, a significant linkage to wood density was confirmed by a two-sided Fisher’s-exact test. Four markers were converted into SCAR markers and validated for plant material assayed for wood density by X-ray microdensitometry. For each marker a monomorphic band was obtained using sets of nested primers or restriction site-specific primers (RSS), which include the AFLP-restriction recognition sites. For two markers that are linked to high wood density, a separation from unlinked size homologous marker-alleles was realized by a PCR-restriction approach. Validation of these markers in different full-sib families confirmed their usability to separate the classes for low and high wood density of Picea abies.

scholarly journals Effect of Stem Diameter, Genetics, and Wood Properties on Stem Cracking in Norway Spruce

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauls Zeltiņš ◽  
Juris Katrevičs ◽  
Arnis Gailis ◽  
Tiit Maaten ◽  
Endijs Bāders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Provenance Trial ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
Potential Risks

The choice of seed material (genetics) is one of the tools that can improve adaptation to the changing climate. Insufficient adaptation can result in a number of potential risks, including stem cracking. The goal of this study is to assess the influence of genetics and wood properties on stem cracking in Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst). The study was conducted on a 35-year-old provenance trial in Eastern Latvia. Stem cracks were assessed using a six-score scale. Tree-ring parameters, i.e., latewood proportion, maximum and mean density, mean earlywood, and latewood density were analysed. The overall incidence of stem cracking was 23.5%, varying between 0% and 79% at a family mean level. Heritability of stem cracking was low, ca., two times lower than for the diameter at breast height (DBH): h2 = 0.09 and 0.21, respectively. There were non-significant family and provenance effects on the occurrence of stem cracks, and weak family mean correlations between DBH, and the proportion of trees with any stem cracks or severe stem cracks. Overall, larger trees were more prone to cracking irrespective of provenance or family. Cracked trees had lower wood density parameters than unaffected trees, yet the latewood proportion was similar. Silvicultural treatments or selection to improve wood density could be suggested to reduce the risk of stem cracking.

scholarly journals Inheritance and Correlation Analysis of Pulpwood Properties, Wood Density, and Growth Traits of Slash Pine

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjie Li ◽  
Xianyin Ding ◽  
Jingmin Jiang ◽  
Qifu Luan
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Wood Traits ◽  
Breeding Selection ◽  
The Relationship

Slash pine (Pinus elliottii) is the most important and a fast-growing material that is used for industrial timber and pulp production. A breeding program of slash pine that aims to improve wood properties has been employed for the past decade. This study analysed the genetics and correlation of growth traits and wood properties of a total of 1059 individual plants from 49 families of P. elliottii. Heritability, family ranking, genetic gain, and the relationship between these traits were estimated. The results showed that there was a significant negative genetic correlation between the holocellulose and lignin content. The heritabilities of these four traits were ranked from 0.18 to 0.32. The chemical wood traits did not show a strong correlation with diameter at breast height (DBH) and wood density. However, it is still possible to combine wood traits for selection. It was suggested that the genetic breeding selection could improve the growth and quality of P. elliottii.

Grade yields and wood properties of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] from the Maritimes

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-478
Author(s):  
Y. H. Chui
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Clear Wood ◽  
Comparative Information ◽  
Grade Yield

Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] is one of the major non-native softwood species in the Maritimes. A project was undertaken to evaluate the grade yields and mechanical properties of Norway spruce. The project also provided comparative information on the wood quality of two Norway spruce provenances from Germany and Poland. Four plantations were selected for the study with two of these plantations containing trees of known provenances. One plantation was mature and the other three were juvenile. In total, 530 pieces of lumber and the same number of matched small clear specimens were tested for bending properties. Prior to testing, the lumber was visually graded according to both British and Canadian specifications. Quality of lumber varied significantly between sites. Lumber from the Polish provenance had slightly better mechanical properties than that from trees of the German provenance. Compared with published information, the plantation-grown Norway spruce had lower clear wood bending properties and specific gravity than primary eastern Canadian spruce species and balsam fir, and natural Norway spruce grown in Europe. Key words: Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.], wood quality, bending properties, grade yield

scholarly journals Variability in density of spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) wood with the presence of reaction wood

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gryc ◽  
P. Horáček
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Sample Tree

The study was aimed to assess the integral value that determines wood properties &minus; wood density at a moisture content of 0% and 12%. The wood density was researched in a sample tree with the presence of reaction compression wood. The density was determined for individual zones (CW, OW, SWL and SWR). The zone where compression wood (CW) is present has a higher density than the remaining zones. On the basis of the acquired data, 3D models were created for individual zones; they describe the variability of wood density along the stem radius and stem height. The influence of the radius seems to be a statistically highly significant factor. The wood density is significantly higher in samples with the presence of compression wood. When the proportion of compression wood in the sample was 80%, the wood density was 1.5 times higher compared to wood without compression wood.

Differences in growth and wood property traits in cloned Norway spruce (Picea abies)

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2600-2611 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zubizarreta Gerendiain ◽  
H. Peltola ◽  
P. Pulkkinen ◽  
R. Jaatinen ◽  
A. Pappinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Wood Property ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Forest Tree Breeding ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Selection For

Volume growth has typically been used as a selection trait of prime importance in forest tree breeding. Less attention has been given to the genetic or phenotypic relationships between the growth or yield and wood density traits. In the above context, we aimed to investigate the phenotypic relationships among different growth, yield, and wood density traits of 20 Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) clones grown in southeastern Finland, in order to identify whether a high growth rate was associated with low wood density in any of the clones. Compared with growth or yield traits, the wood density traits showed lower phenotypic variations. The phenotypic correlations between growth, yield, and wood density traits were, on average, from moderate to high, suggesting that selection for one trait would simultaneously affect the other traits. Compared with volume production, selection based on stem mass could be more profitable if a clonal stand is managed for pulpwood rather than mechanical wood processing and vice versa; whereas selection for overall wood density alone would reduce both the stem volume and stem mass. However, by compromising the gain or loss in wood density and stem volume, clones with high stem volume and a relatively high wood density could be found.

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