Differences in growth and wood property traits in cloned Norway spruce (Picea abies)

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2600-2611 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zubizarreta Gerendiain ◽  
H. Peltola ◽  
P. Pulkkinen ◽  
R. Jaatinen ◽  
A. Pappinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Wood Property ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Forest Tree Breeding ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Selection For

Volume growth has typically been used as a selection trait of prime importance in forest tree breeding. Less attention has been given to the genetic or phenotypic relationships between the growth or yield and wood density traits. In the above context, we aimed to investigate the phenotypic relationships among different growth, yield, and wood density traits of 20 Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) clones grown in southeastern Finland, in order to identify whether a high growth rate was associated with low wood density in any of the clones. Compared with growth or yield traits, the wood density traits showed lower phenotypic variations. The phenotypic correlations between growth, yield, and wood density traits were, on average, from moderate to high, suggesting that selection for one trait would simultaneously affect the other traits. Compared with volume production, selection based on stem mass could be more profitable if a clonal stand is managed for pulpwood rather than mechanical wood processing and vice versa; whereas selection for overall wood density alone would reduce both the stem volume and stem mass. However, by compromising the gain or loss in wood density and stem volume, clones with high stem volume and a relatively high wood density could be found.

Differences in fibre properties in cloned Norway spruce (Picea abies)

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1071-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zubizarreta Gerendiain ◽  
H. Peltola ◽  
P. Pulkkinen ◽  
R. Jaatinen ◽  
A. Pappinen
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Fibre Properties ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Fibre Width ◽  
Selection For

In forest breeding programmes, growth has typically been used as a selection trait of prime importance in Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.), whereas less attention has been given to the wood and fibre characteristics. In the above context, we investigated phenotypic relationships between different fibre properties and growth and wood density traits in 20 cloned Norway spruce based on a clonal trial established in the 1970s in southeastern Finland. We found that fibre width showed, on average (2.9%), the lowest phenotypic variation followed by fibre wall thickness (3.4%), coarseness (5.5%), and fibre length (8.1%). All of the phenotypic correlations between the fibre properties were also positive (p < 0.05), ranging from moderate to strong, suggesting that selection for one trait could simultaneously affect the other traits. The phenotypic correlations, on average, were quite weak but positive between growth and fibre properties and slightly negative or weak positive between wood density and different fibre properties (p < 0.05). Individually, some of the clones showed negative correlation between growth traits and fibre length. As a result, selection for fibre properties alone could also reduce overall stem volume (or stem mass) and would not directly indicate wood density traits and vice versa.

scholarly journals Production impacts of forest tree breeding on an example of Norway spruce

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 348-352
Author(s):  
J. Kobliha ◽  
M. Slávik ◽  
V. Hynek ◽  
J. Klápště ◽  
J. Stejskal
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Forest Tree Breeding ◽  
The Mean

The present paper evaluates the height, diameter and stem volume of parental tree progenies. These Norway spruce progenies are compared with the control estimated from tables. The control was overperformed in all measured growth parameters. Heights of selected spruce progenies at the age of 26 years ranged from 9.2 m (K10) to 10.7 m (K2). The control height was 6.4 m. In the evaluation of diameters, progeny K4 showed the best mean dbh (13.7 cm) while the progeny K17 was rated as the thinnest (10.5 cm). We compared these data with the control diameter of 6.5 cm. The mean volumes of selected material varied from 0.097 m<sup>3 </sup>(K9) to 0.047 m<sup>3 </sup>(K17) while the kontrol presented 0.0172 m<sup>3</sup>. Keywords: economic efficiency; forest tree breeding; growth; Norway spruce; production

Breeding objectives for pulp production of Eucalyptusglobulus under different industrial cost structures

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M.G. Borralho ◽  
P.P. Cotterill ◽  
P.J. Kanowski
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Cost Structures ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Breeding Objectives ◽  
Forestry Industry ◽  
Pulp Production

Breeding objectives were defined for pulp production of Eucalyptusglobulus Labill, using a simple profit equation relating the monetary cost savings per tonne of pulp produced with stem volume, wood density, and pulp yield. The economic importance of each trait was calculated for five different pulp and forestry industry scenarios with widely different cost structures. Selection indices integrating various combinations of volume growth, wood density, and pulp yield were compared for their ability to meet the different breeding objectives. There was surprising consistency in results across the range of breeding objectives and cost structures studied. It was clear that selection indices integrating volume, wood density, and pulp yield gave the most accurate selection and maximized genetic gain in breeding objectives. The cost savings from indices that included only volume were always much less than one-half, and sometimes as low as one-quarter, as much as those from indices integrating volume and wood traits. In the case study considered, E. globulus in Portugal, these cost savings had substantial implications for company profitability.

scholarly journals The effect of root rot and bark-stripping on wind stability of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) = Parastās egles (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) vēja noturības izmaiņas sakņu trupes un stumbra mizas bojājumu ietekmē

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Oskars Krisans ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Natural Disturbances ◽  
Bark Stripping ◽  
Secondary Failure ◽  
Spruce Stands

Climate change causes gradual decline of economic value of Norway spruce forestry except in boreal and hemiboreal forest zones that will remain suitable for this tree species. However, also in this region frequency and scale of damages caused by natural disturbances (abiotic and biotic factors) are expected to increase. Norway spruce will remain its economic significance and role in carbon sequestration in Latvia, if forest management practices will be changed to prevent or minimize the damages caused by natural disturbances. Information on effect of natural disturbances and their interactions on trees is vital for development of recommendations for adaptation of forestry to climate change. The aim of the thesis is to assess the effect of root rot and bark-stripping on possibility of wind induced damages in Norway spruce stands. Tree mechanical stability was primarily determined by its stem volume; however, the presence of damages, caused by biotic agents, such as root rot and bark-stripping, significantly reduced it. Morphometric parameters of Norway spruce stem and root plate differed significantly between stands on drained peat and mineral soils. Root-rot notably and significantly affected mechanical stability of trees regardless of soil type and volume of root-soil plate, resulting in similar reduction of wind load necessary to cause both primary and secondary failure. Consequences of bark-stripping primarily affected root-soil anchorage, more commonly causing uprooting than stem fracture. Most pronounced was reduction of resistance against primary failure. Changing wind climate, high population density of cervids and presence of root-rot will lead to increased risk of damages caused by (repeated) storms and subsequent legacy effects. The survival of forest stands depends on dimensions of trees and exposure time to different damaging agents, and, at current climate and silvicultural practice, was significantly reduced when transitioning into third age class (41-60 years). Targeted forestry, ensuring planting of improved material, lower initial density, timely precommercial thinning and thus ensuring faster reach of the tree dimension required for final harvest will reduce the time when stands are subjected to significant wind damage risk, thus minimizing the possibility of such disturbance and boosting value of Norway spruce stands.

scholarly journals Identification of Molecular Markers for Selected Wood Properties of Norway Spruce Picea abies L. (Karst.) I. Wood Density

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Markussen ◽  
A. Tusch ◽  
B. R. Stephan ◽  
M. Fladung
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Scar Markers ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Monomorphic Band ◽  
Subsequent Conversion ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe identification of AFLP markers and their subsequent conversion to SCAR-markers linked to wood density of Norway Spruce (Picea abies L [Karst.]) is described for the first time. In AFLP-analyses, 102 different primer enzyme combinations were screened in a bulked segregant approach comparing individuals with high and low wood density. A total of 107 polymorphic AFLP fragments were obtained between the DNA-pools. Twenty-three markers were selected for further analyses to verify their linkage to wood density based on individuals used for pool constitution and additional unrelated clonal material. For 15 markers, a significant linkage to wood density was confirmed by a two-sided Fisher’s-exact test. Four markers were converted into SCAR markers and validated for plant material assayed for wood density by X-ray microdensitometry. For each marker a monomorphic band was obtained using sets of nested primers or restriction site-specific primers (RSS), which include the AFLP-restriction recognition sites. For two markers that are linked to high wood density, a separation from unlinked size homologous marker-alleles was realized by a PCR-restriction approach. Validation of these markers in different full-sib families confirmed their usability to separate the classes for low and high wood density of Picea abies.

scholarly journals Adaptability of Narrow-Crowned Norway Spruce Ideotype (Picea abies (L.) Karst. pendula Form) in 25 Years Half-Sib Comparative Trials in the Eastern Carpathians

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ecaterina Apostol ◽  
Marius Budeanu
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Eastern Carpathians

This study analysed the stability of the narrow-crowned Norway spruce (pendula form) compared with the classic form of spruce (pyramidalis form) in two half-sib field trials located in the Romanian Carpathians. From eight natural populations, representative of three of the four large spruce spread areas in Romania, open-pollinated seeds from 48 trees (24 pendula ideotype and 24 pyramidalis form) were collected to install the Maneciu and Soveja trials. In these trials, at age 25 years, measurements were performed for the following traits: tree height, breast height diameter, crown diameter, number of branches per whorl and dominant branch diameter. Some important traits were calculated: average volume per tree, trees’ slenderness, crown slenderness and branches’ finesse. Pearson’s simple correlations between the analysed traits were calculated and also the correlations between traits and geographic and climatic gradients of provenances’ origin. In addition, cores were collected to compare the wood density of the two forms of spruce. In both trials, but especially in the limitative environmental conditions of the Soveja trial, the narrow crowned form of Norway spruce (Picea abies f. pendula) presented more favourable average results than the normal crown spruce form for the most important stand stability traits: trees’ slenderness, wood density, branches’ diameter and branches’ finesse. Between spruce crown forms, in both trials, no significant differences were observed for the growth traits, but between trials, higher results resulted in optimal environmental conditions of the Măneciu test (+89% for the trees’ volume). The trees from different provenances and with specific forms of the crown reacted differently to the changing of the testing site, which required the adoption of maximum caution for decisions regarding the transfer of forest reproductive materials. The correlations between the analysed traits converge towards the adoption of a two-step breeding strategy, starting by selection of narrow crowned trees after stability traits.

Nucleotide polymorphisms related to altitude and physiological traits in contrasting provenances of Norway spruce (Picea abies)

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Romšáková ◽  
Elena Foffová ◽  
Jaroslav Kmeť ◽  
Roman Longauer ◽  
Marian Pacalaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Budburst Phenology

AbstractVariation of sequences of six EST-derived markers was investigated in three Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) provenances originating from different altitudes growing at two contrasting trial plots in Slovakia (Veľký Lom 450 m a.s.l., Mútne-Zákamenné 1,250 m a.s.l.) within a spin-off experiment of the IUFRO 1964/68 Inventory Provenance Experiment with Norway spruce. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were identified and differences in allele frequencies at polymorphic sites were tested against altitude or associated with physiological and growth traits (chlorophyll a fluorescence, frost resistance, height, diameter, budburst phenology).Overall, 5.1% of sites (190 in total) were polymorphic in the studied material. Although there were no differences in nucleotide diversity among provenances, the differentiation was highly significant (the overall between-population variance component assessed by the AMOVA based on both extreme populations P1 and P49 was 6.53%). Only 4 polymorphic sites differed significantly between populations after Bonferroni correction. Four sites showed significant association with phenotypic traits (breast-height diameter, stem volume, chlorophyll fluorescence). In contrast to earlier analyses of growth and physiological traits based on the same material, significant associations with polymorphic sites indicate the effect of local adaptation.

Effect of ring width, cambial age, and climatic variables on the within-ring wood density profile of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst.

Trees ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Franceschini ◽  
Fleur Longuetaud ◽  
Jean-Daniel Bontemps ◽  
Olivier Bouriaud ◽  
Benoît-Damien Caritey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Density Profile ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Cambial Age

Susceptibility of pretreated wood sections of Norway spruce (Picea abies) clones to enzymatic hydrolysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohama Puentes Rodriguez ◽  
Helena Puhakka-Tarvainen ◽  
Ossi Pastinen ◽  
Matti Siika-aho ◽  
Leila Alvila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
The Relationship

The structure of softwoods, which confers resistance to degradation through hydrolysis and decay, currently limits their use for the production of biofuels. However, since wood is very heterogeneous, it is possible that differences in wood properties within and between trees could differentially affect its processability. In this research, heartwood (inner) and sapwood (outer) from Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) clones were enzymatically hydrolyzed by Trichoderma viride cellulases after concentrated acid pretreatment. Wood sections with two particle sizes were compared based on their susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis, evaluated by assaying the formation of hydrolysis products and measured as reducing sugar yield (RSY). We also studied the relationship between RSY and the susceptibility to Heterobasidion parviporum wood decay and whether these traits are reflected in wood density and yield. Wood from the outer section produced more RSY with higher glucan but lower lignin content than wood from the inner section. Furthermore, susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis was positively correlated with H. parviporum wood decay, while both processes were negatively correlated with wood density. Our results revealed the importance of clonal trials for identifying suitable lignocellulosic biomass when considering wood properties and indicate that potential genotypes for the production of biofuels are not necessarily the most productive.

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