Effects of harvesting on nitrogen and phosphorus availability in riparian management zone soils in Minnesota, USA

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1784-1791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas N. Kastendick ◽  
Eric K. Zenner ◽  
Brian J. Palik ◽  
Randall K. Kolka ◽  
Charles R. Blinn
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Riparian Management ◽  
Area Reduction ◽  
Partial Harvesting ◽  
Total Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Exchange Resins

Riparian management zones (RMZs) protect streams from excess nutrients, yet few studies have looked at soil nutrients in forested RMZs or the impacts of partial harvesting on nutrient availability. We investigated the impacts of upland clearcutting in conjunction with uncut and partially harvested RMZs (40% basal area reduction) on soil nutrients in forests in Minnesota, USA. Nitrate, ammonium, and phosphorus were measured using exchange resins. Upland clearcutting increased dormant and growing season nitrate, ammonium, and total inorganic nitrogen in the upland 2 to 5 times compared with uncut upland. Upland clearcutting increased dormant and growing season nitrate and total inorganic nitrogen just inside the RMZ boundary 2 to 5 times compared with this location adjacent to uncut upland. Dormant season nitrate and total inorganic nitrogen were 2 times higher in the entire RMZ adjacent to upland clearcut. Phosphorus was not affected by treatment. Partial harvesting of the RMZ did not increase nutrients compared with the uncut RMZ. Results suggest that nitrate is transported into the RMZ from adjacent clearcuts but partial harvesting of the RMZ does not increase nitrate availability.

Bacterioplankton, Phytoplankton, and Zooplankton Communities in a British Columbia Coastal Lake Before and After Nutrient Reduction

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1504-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Joan Hardy ◽  
Ken S. Shortreed ◽  
John G. Stockner
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nutrient Reduction ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Coastal Lake ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Concentrations

Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus were applied weekly during the growing season from 1980 to 1982 and twice weekly in 1983 to Hobiton Lake, a warm monomictic coastal lake in British Columbia. The lake was not fertilized in 1984. Average numbers of bacteria during the growing season decreased from a high of 1.53 × 106∙mL−1 in the fertilized condition to 0.84 × 106∙mL−1 in the unfertilized condition. Chlorophyll a concentrations decreased from a maximum seasonal average of 2.69 μg∙L−1 (1981) to 1.30 μg∙L−1 (1984), and algal numbers decreased from 5.83 × 104∙mL−1 (1983) to 2.29 × 104∙mL−1 (1984). Although the numbers of phytoplankton in each size fraction (picoplankton, nanoplankton, or microplankton) decreased in the unfertilized condition, the greatest change was an almost fourfold decrease in picoplankton, which consisted of 90% cyanobacteria (primarily Synechococcus spp.). Abundance of the large diatoms Rhizosolenia spp. and Melosira spp. increased in 1984, resulting in an increase in average seasonal algal volume. Average densities of medium (0.15–0.84 mm) and large (0.85–1.5 mm) zooplankton were greatest in 1982, while rotifers and small zooplankton (0.10–0.14 mm) were most dense in 1984 following nutrient reduction. The lake had relatively high concentrations of planktivorous juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) that appeared to minimize any direct effect of nutrient additions on zooplankton densities.

scholarly journals Advanced treatment of salty eutrophication water using algal-bacterial granular sludge: With focus on nitrogen removal, phosphorus removal, and lipid accumulation

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 9518-9530
Author(s):  
Fansheng Meng ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Dongfang Liu ◽  
Wenli Huang
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
Total Inorganic Nitrogen

A new algal-bacterial granular sludge treatment method was used to treat salty eutrophication water. The results indicated that the treatment removed more than 98% of the total inorganic nitrogen and the total phosphorus after a 15 d cultivation period using 2% salinity simulated eutrophication water. For the 4% salinity simulated water, the total phosphorus was not able to be removed and was even higher in the effluent; and the total inorganic nitrogen was only removed 17%. Thus, the algal-bacterial granules were efficient for removing nitrogen and phosphorus in 2% salinity eutrophication water but were not effective for 4% salinity water. High levels of filamentous algae proliferation growing on the surface of the granules was primarily responsible for the good performance in 2% salinity water. However, the lipid accumulation was greatly enhanced (reactor R2 at a 27.6% increase and reactor R4 at a 107% increase) for both granule types due to the algal growth. Thus, treatment of the salty eutrophication water can also greatly increase the added-value of the algal-bacterial granules.

Use of Constructed Wetlands to Treat Domestic Wastewater, City of Arcata, California

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1625-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Gearheart
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Oxidation Pond ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Total Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Tin Removal

This paper summarizes 10 years of experience applying oxidation pond effluent to constructed wetlands in Arcata, California. The first five years (1980-1986) was spent experimenting with 6×66 metre constructed wetland mesocosm. The second five years involved fullscale analysis of 2.8 hectares and 12 hectares effluent receiving marshes. Experience to date has verified the capability of constructed wetlands to reliably and effectively meet advanced secondary water quality standards. Effluent BOD and suspended solids concentrations of 30 and 30 mg/l respectively can be met ninety percent of the time with weekly samples; fecal coliform levels of 20 CFU/100 can be met 90 percent of the time. Total inorganic nitrogen levels of 5 can be met in the growing season at 12 mg/l in the non-growing season. Design criteriaaregiven for BOD, SS, coliform, and TIN removal for a temperature range of 6 to 20°C. Experience gained to date on the construction details, vegetation planting, and operational consideration is also summarized in the paper.

ZHEZHERYA V.A., ZHEZHERYA T.P., LINNIK P.M. INFLUENCE OF HIGHER AQUATIC VEGETATION ON THE CONTENT OF BIOGENIC ELEMENTS IN LIMNIC SYSTEMS OF AN URBANIZED TERRITORY

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
V.A. Zhezherya ◽  
T.P. Zhezherya ◽  
P.M. Linnik
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrate Ions ◽  
Higher Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Labile Iron ◽  
Dissolved Silicon

There were considered the results of studies of the content of inorganic nitrogen and its compounds, inorganic phosphorus, dissolved silicon and labile iron in the areas of the Verbne and Telbin Lakes, covered with higher aquatic vegetation and free vegetation, as well as with depth. It was found that the content of inorganic nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate ions and in some cases inorganic phosphorus was decreased in the thickets of higher aquatic vegetation during the growing season several times compared to areas of the lake without thickets. It was found that higher aquatic vegetation during its growing season reduced the content of inorganic nitrogen in the surface layer of water by 1.1–2.0 times, and inorganic phosphorus in some cases by 1.2–1.5 times, compared with their content in sections free vegetation. The concentration of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate ions in the thickets of higher aquatic vegetation was also 1.1–3.1 and 1.3–2.5 times lower, respectively. From the beginning of the growing season, the concentration of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and dissolved silicon in the area of the lake without vegetation was decreased on average from 1.122 to 0.096 mg N/dm3, from 0.250 to 0.075 mg P/dm3 and from 4.1 to 0.31 mg/dm3 and in the coastal area from 1.168 to 0.073 mg N/dm3, from 0.298 to 0.063 mg P/dm3 and from 4.0 to 0.32 mg/dm3 respectively. It was found that the share of nitrate ions in the surface layer of the water of Verbne Lake increased from 9.9% to 68.3% from March to June, and in Telbin Lake nitrate ions dominated, even in March. This was due to the increase in the intensity of the nitrification process. In the first case, this was due to the supply of oxygen during photosynthesis, and in the second case, due to artificial aeration. The effect of higher aquatic vegetation on the content of dissolved silicon and labile iron were not observed. The maximum values content of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus and dissolved silicon were observed during spring homothermia. Their content in the surface layer of water gradually decreased due to the assimilation of plant organisms with the beginning of the growing season. Direct temperature stratification led to an increase in the content of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, dissolved silicon and labile iron in the bottom layer of water due to their inflow from bottom sediments, especially in the absence of dissolved oxygen.

scholarly journals Variaciones espacio-temporales de nutrientes y grado de eutrofización en aguas de los Golfos de Ana María y Guacanayabo, Cuba

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Betanzos Vega ◽  
Yuliesky Garcés Rodríguez ◽  
Gilma Delgado Miranda ◽  
María Aurora Pis Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Horizontal Distribution ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oceanographic Variables ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Southeastern Region

A partir de nueve muestreos efectuados en meses lluviosos del 2009 en aguas de los golfos de Ana María y Guacanayabo, región suroriental de Cuba, se realizaron comparaciones (ANOVA) entre ambos golfos de concentración de sustancias nutrientes y otras variables oceanográficas, así como se estimó el grado de eutrofia y se confeccionaron cartas de distribución horizontal del índice de eutrofización del nitrógeno total inorgánico y el fósforo inorgánico. Se analizaron las variaciones de la concentración media de nutrimentos en tres periodos diferentes (1972-1973, 1988-1991 y 2009). Entre ambos golfos, se encontró diferencia significativa (P < 0.05) en la salinidad, el fósforo inorgánico y los silicatos. La distribución espacial del índice de eutrofización del nitrógeno total inorgánico y del fósforo inorgánico mostró gradientes que disminuyeron a medida que se incrementó la distancia a la costa. El Golfo de Guacanayabo presentó una mayor distribución y extensión de valores mesotróficos y características menos halinas que el Golfo de Ana María, con índice de eutrofización del nitrógeno total inorgánico de 3.05, superior al del Golfo de Ana María (2.99); el fosforo inorgánico mostró un índice de 2.80 en el Golfo de Guacanayabo, mayor que en el Golfo de Ana María (2.57). En el análisis por períodos, en ambos golfos las concentraciones medias de nitrógenos oxidados (NOx) disminuyeron en 2009 con respecto al periodo 1988-1991, el fósforo inorgánico mostró tendencia al incremento, mientras que los silicatos mostraron un decrecimiento escalonado desde 1972-73. Abstract Nutrient concentrations and other oceanographic variables were compared (ANOVA) between the Gulfs of Ana María and Guacanayabo in the Southeastern region of Cuba based on nine samples taken during the rainy months in 2009. In addition, the degree of eutrophication was estimated, and horizontal distribution charts were prepared for the eutrophication index of total inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. The variations of the mean concentration of nutrients were analyzed for three different periods (1972-1973, 1988-91, and 2009). There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in salinity, inorganic phosphorus and silicate between the two gulfs. The spatial distribution of the eutrophication index of total inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus showed gradients that decreased as distance to the coast increased. The Gulf of Guacanayabo showed greater distribution and extension of mestrophic values, less haline characteristics, and higher eutrophication index of total inorganic nitrogen (3.05) than the Gulf of Ana María (2.99). The inorganic phosphorus also showed a higher mean rate in relation with the Ana María Gulf (2.57). In the analysis by periods for both gulfs, the mean concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx) decreased in 2009 compared to the 1988-1991 period, the inorganic phosphorus showed an increasing trend, while silicate showed a stepwise decrease from 1972-1973.

scholarly journals LED Lighting and High-Density Planting Enhance the Cost-Efficiency of Halimione portulacoides Extraction Units for Integrated Aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4995
Author(s):  
Marco Custódio ◽  
Paulo Cartaxana ◽  
Sebastián Villasante ◽  
Ricardo Calado ◽  
Ana Isabel Lillebø
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
High Density ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Integrated Aquaculture ◽  
Halimione Portulacoides ◽  
White Leds ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Aquaculture Effluents

Halophytes are salt-tolerant plants that can be used to extract dissolved inorganic nutrients from saline aquaculture effluents under a production framework commonly known as Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA). Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen (common name: sea purslane) is an edible saltmarsh halophyte traditionally consumed by humans living near coastal wetlands and is considered a promising extractive species for IMTA. To better understand its potential for IMTA applications, the present study investigates how artificial lighting and plant density affect its productivity and capacity to extract nitrogen and phosphorous in hydroponic conditions that mimic aquaculture effluents. Plant growth was unaffected by the type of artificial lighting employed—white fluorescent lights vs. blue-white LEDs—but LED systems were more energy-efficient, with a 17% reduction in light energy costs. Considering planting density, high-density units of 220 plants m−2 produced more biomass per unit of area (54.0–56.6 g m−2 day−1) than did low-density units (110 plants m−2; 34.4–37.1 g m−2 day−1) and extracted more dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. Overall, H. portulacoides can be easily cultivated hydroponically using nutrient-rich saline effluents, where LEDs can be employed as an alternative to fluorescent lighting and high-density planting can promote higher yields and extraction efficiencies.

scholarly journals Feedback Regulation between Aquatic Microorganisms and the Bloom-Forming Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Tao Lu ◽  
Hans W. Paerl ◽  
Yiling Chen ◽  
Zhenyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Lake Taihu ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Coculture System ◽  
Eukaryotic Microorganisms ◽  
Aquatic Microorganisms

ABSTRACT The frequency and intensity of cyanobacterial blooms are increasing worldwide. Interactions between toxic cyanobacteria and aquatic microorganisms need to be critically evaluated to understand microbial drivers and modulators of the blooms. In this study, we applied 16S/18S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics analyses to measure the microbial community composition and metabolic responses of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa in a coculture system receiving dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus (DIP) close to representative concentrations in Lake Taihu, China. M. aeruginosa secreted alkaline phosphatase using a DIP source produced by moribund and decaying microorganisms when the P source was insufficient. During this process, M. aeruginosa accumulated several intermediates in energy metabolism pathways to provide energy for sustained high growth rates and increased intracellular sugars to enhance its competitive capacity and ability to defend itself against microbial attack. It also produced a variety of toxic substances, including microcystins, to inhibit metabolite formation via energy metabolism pathways of aquatic microorganisms, leading to a negative effect on bacterial and eukaryotic microbial richness and diversity. Overall, compared with the monoculture system, the growth of M. aeruginosa was accelerated in coculture, while the growth of some cooccurring microorganisms was inhibited, with the diversity and richness of eukaryotic microorganisms being more negatively impacted than those of prokaryotic microorganisms. These findings provide valuable information for clarifying how M. aeruginosa can potentially modulate its associations with other microorganisms, with ramifications for its dominance in aquatic ecosystems. IMPORTANCE We measured the microbial community composition and metabolic responses of Microcystis aeruginosa in a microcosm coculture system receiving dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus (DIP) close to the average concentrations in Lake Taihu. In the coculture system, DIP is depleted and the growth and production of aquatic microorganisms can be stressed by a lack of DIP availability. M. aeruginosa could accelerate its growth via interactions with specific cooccurring microorganisms and the accumulation of several intermediates in energy metabolism-related pathways. Furthermore, M. aeruginosa can decrease the carbohydrate metabolism of cooccurring aquatic microorganisms and thus disrupt microbial activities in the coculture. This also had a negative effect on bacterial and eukaryotic microbial richness and diversity. Microcystin was capable of decreasing the biomass of total phytoplankton in aquatic microcosms. Overall, compared to the monoculture, the growth of total aquatic microorganisms is inhibited, with the diversity and richness of eukaryotic microorganisms being more negatively impacted than those of prokaryotic microorganisms. The only exception is M. aeruginosa in the coculture system, whose growth was accelerated.

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