Effects of Weevil Feeding on Resin Duct Density and Radial Increment in Lodgepole Pine

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Cerezke
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Resin Ducts ◽  
Resin Duct ◽  
Traumatic Resin Ducts

Wood discs cut from 23-year-old lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. lalifolia Engelm.) stems were analyzed for vertical and radial resin duct densities adjacent to basal injuries caused by the weevil, Hylobiuswarreni Wood. The injury from single attacks continued for at least 2 years and was characterized by reduced radial growth and an abundance of vertical 'traumatic' resin ducts above the wounds. No increase in radial duct density was detected above the wounds.

Increment Coring Induced Traumatic Resin Ducts in White Spruce But Not in Lodgepole Pine

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer G. Klutsch ◽  
Chen X. Kee ◽  
Eduardo P. Cappa ◽  
Blaise Ratcliffe ◽  
Barb R. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Resin Ducts ◽  
Traumatic Resin Ducts

SIZES, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND NUMBERS OF VERTICAL RESIN DUCTS IN LODGEPOLE PINE

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Reid ◽  
J. A. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Photographic Method ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Resin Ducts ◽  
Resin Duct ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
One Year ◽  
Pinns Contorta

Methods are described for easy detection of vertical resin ducts in Pinns contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm. Also a photographic method for determining the area and circumference of growth rings is described. The time of vertical resin duct formation was the same in both slow- and fast-growing trees. Vertical ducts seldom occurred in radial alignment in consecutive years. The diameters of vertical ducts varied from 60 to 105 μ and were least near the pith; lengths ranged from 3.8 to 43.2 cm in a 75-year-old tree and 1.2 to 12.0 cm in a 30-year-old tree. Wide variations occurred in the abundance of vertical ducts between years. Their presence in large numbers in one year appeared to influence their abundance in the following year. The fluctuations in number occurred simultaneously in all trees examined. Radial growth was not associated with these fluctuations. There was circumstantial evidence for a direct relation between high summer temperatures, large cone crops, and large numbers of vertical ducts.

Formation of traumatic resin ducts in the phloem of western redcedar (Thuja plicata) roots following abiotic injury and pathogenic invasion by Armillaria ostoyae

IAWA Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle R. Cleary ◽  
Terry Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Western Redcedar ◽  
Fungal Invasion ◽  
Resin Ducts ◽  
Resin Duct ◽  
Phloem Parenchyma ◽  
Armillaria Ostoyae ◽  
Traumatic Resin Ducts ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Periderm Formation

Anatomical changes involved in traumatic phloem resin duct (TPRD) formation in western redcedar (Thuja plicata) roots were examined following abiotic wounding and fungal invasion by Armillaria ostoyae. Following necrophylactic periderm formation, hyperplasia and expansion of a band of phloem parenchyma cells occurred in close proximity to the vascular cambium and schizogenous and lysigenous separation of its derivatives resulted in a series of longitudinal resin ducts in the inner to mid-phloem region. Fungal invasion appeared to amplify traumatic resin duct formation in the phloem. While traumatic cavities in the phloem have been reported for other Cupressaceae, this is the first report documenting TPRD formation in western redcedar.

Impacts of fire radiative flux on mature Pinus ponderosa growth and vulnerability to secondary mortality agents

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Sparks ◽  
Alistair M. S. Smith ◽  
Alan F. Talhelm ◽  
Crystal A. Kolden ◽  
Kara M. Yedinak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Radiative Energy ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Resin Duct

Recent studies have highlighted the potential of linking fire behaviour to plant ecophysiology as an improved route to characterising severity, but research to date has been limited to laboratory-scale investigations. Fine-scale fire behaviour during prescribed fires has been identified as a strong predictor of post-fire tree recovery and growth, but most studies report these metrics averaged over the entire fire. Previous research has found inconsistent effects of low-intensity fire on mature Pinus ponderosa growth. In this study, fire behaviour was quantified at the tree scale and compared with post-fire radial growth and axial resin duct defences. Results show a clear dose–response relationship between peak fire radiative power per unit area (W m–2) and post-fire Pinus ponderosa radial growth. Unlike in previous laboratory research on seedlings, there was no dose–response relationship observed between fire radiative energy per unit area (J m–2) and post-fire mature tree growth in the surviving trees. These results may suggest that post-fire impacts on growth of surviving seedlings and mature trees require other modes of heat transfer to impact plant canopies. This study demonstrates that increased resin duct defence is induced regardless of fire intensity, which may decrease Pinus ponderosa vulnerability to secondary mortality agents.

scholarly journals Influence of climate on radial growth of scots pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.) In different habitats of Meshchera lowland

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
O. S. Zheleznova ◽  
S. A. Tobratov
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
East European ◽  
Key Factor

This paper is devoted to the patterns of radial growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in various topoecological conditions of the Meshchera lowland (Ryazan region, the East European plain). The generalized tree-ring chronologies are constructed for 16 habitats differing in features of a relief of a day surface and a bedrock surface. Despite the relatively low-contrast relief of Meshchera, the average radial pine increment within the study area differs by 2.5 times (1.53.9 mm per year). The correlation and cluster analyses revealed that the key factor influencing the width of annual tree rings of pine is the amount of the available soil moisture. Its surplus (in wetlands) and deficiency (in conditions of sandy outliers) negatively affects the radial pine increment. It is established that in the waterlogged habitats positive correlation of the radial pine increment with temperature and negative with precipitation of autumn of the previous year is observed. The positive correlation of the radial increment with precipitation of autumn, May and with winter temperature is typical for a pine from arid habitats. The negative relationship between the pines growth and amount of precipitation and river discharge may occur with a lag of 14 years in conditions of wetlands. The positive relationship of the radial pine increment with the integral parameters of the current years moisture is more significant in conditions of relatively high hydrodynamics (for example, in conditions of sandy outliers).

scholarly journals Dwarf Mistletoe Infection Interacts with Tree Growth Rate to Produce Opposing Direct and Indirect Effects on Resin Duct Defenses in Lodgepole Pine

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Ferrenberg
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Resin Ducts ◽  
Resin Duct

Research Highlights: I sought to disentangle the influences of tree age, growth rate, and dwarf mistletoe infection on resin duct defenses in lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon, revealing the presence of direct positive and indirect negative effects of mistletoe on defenses. Background and Objectives: For protection against natural enemies, pines produce and store oleoresin (resin) in ‘resin ducts’ that occur throughout the tree. Dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm. (hereafter “mistletoe”), is a widespread parasitic plant affecting the pines of western North America. Infection by mistletoe can suppress pine growth and increase the probability of insect attack—possibly due to a reduction in resin duct defenses or in the potency of chemical defenses at higher levels of mistletoe infection, as reported in Pinus banksiana Lamb. However, the influence of mistletoe infection on defenses in other pine species remains unclear. I hypothesized that mistletoe infection would induce greater resin duct defenses in P. contorta while simultaneously suppressing annual growth, which was expected to reduce defenses. Materials and Methods: Using increment cores from P. contorta trees occurring in a subalpine forest of Colorado, USA, I quantified tree age, annual growth, annual resin duct production (#/annual ring), and cross-sectional area (mm2 of resin ducts/annual ring). Results: Mistletoe infection increased with tree age and had a direct positive relationship with resin duct defenses. However, mistletoe infection also had an indirect negative influence on defenses via the suppression of annual growth. Conclusions: Through the combined direct and indirect effects, mistletoe infection had a net positive impact on resin duct production but a net negative impact on the total resin duct area. This finding highlights the complexity of pine defense responses to natural enemies and that future work is needed to understand how these responses influence overall levels of resistance and the risk of mortality.

Blue-stain fungi in xylem of lodgepole pine: a light-microscope study on extent of hyphal distribution

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2334-2341 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Ballard ◽  
M. A. Walsh ◽  
W. E. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Conducting System ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetles ◽  
Resin Duct ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Pine Beetles

In midsummer mountain pine beetles emerge from lodgepole pine trees and fly to unattacked trees. While chewing vertical egg galleries in the inner bark of the tree, they inoculate into it a blue-stain fungus complex. Initially, the fungi are confined to the beetle frass of the egg gallery, but they soon grow into the sapwood. The fungi spread radially via the parenchyma of the xylem rays. Once established in the xylem rays, fungal hyphae move into the tracheids of the axial water-conducting system. Here they occlude bordered-pit pairs and occasionally the entire lumen of the cell. Fungal hyphae also attack and destroy resin-duct epithelial cells. This may result in release of resin into surrounding tissues. Destruction of storage and water-conducting tissues in the tree trunk is detrimental to renewed shoot tip expansion the following spring.

THE NATURE OF THE ASSOCIATION OF EUROPHIUM TRINACRIFORME WITH POLE BLIGHT LESIONS

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Parker
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Stem Section ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
General Reduction

Europhium trinacriforme Parker was isolated from 11% of the lesions on western white pine affected with pole blight in the Interior of British Columbia and from 84% of the lesions on white pine on the Coast. This fungus was the only organism isolated more than twice from pole blight lesions and found to be pathogenic to white pine. However, it was unable to cause the pole blight condition within a period of 4 years after inoculation into healthy white pine. When this fungus was placed in wounds on white pine, lesions resulted which were similar to pole blight lesions in shape and in ability to cause resin exudation, but were otherwise dissimilar. On the basis of radial growth analysis it was evident that lesions occur following a general reduction in radial increment, and at the same time, or shortly after, the first crown symptoms of pole blight appear. Radial growth beneath lesions was nearly always less than in other parts of the stem section, indicating that both the position and extent of lesions are determined before they occur. Examinations of the number and size of lesions on pole blighted trees and the results of inoculations, isolations, and histological studies indicated that E. trinacriforme most likely gains entrance to lesions that are already formed from other causes and extends them.

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