Four-year height growth variation among and within S0, S1 × S1, S1 open-pollinated, and S2 inbred jack pine families

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 654-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Growth Variation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Original Female

After 4 years, inbreeding depression in tree height of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) was from 18 to 24% in S2 (second selfed generation) progenies compared with S0 (original female parents) open-pollinated progenies. This indicates a high degree of dominance for height growth. Crosses between S1 (first selfed generation) lines and open-pollinated progenies from S1 trees showed heterosis and relief from inbreeding depression so that vigor was restored to at least the level of the ancestral S0 parents. Genetic variance among S2 progenies was greatly increased indicating that inbreeding increased heritability of height growth.

Genetic resistance to western gall rust in jack pine and its relationship with tree height growth

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 970-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.H. Weng ◽  
P. Lu ◽  
Q.F. Meng ◽  
M. Krasowski
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Tree Height Growth

Developing resistance to western gall rust (WGR) is important for maintaining healthy and productive jack pine plantations. In this study, we estimated genetic parameters of resistance to WGR and its relationship with tree height growth, based on data collected from three second-generation full-sib progeny testing series of jack pine planted in New Brunswick, Canada. Results indicated that (i) resistance to WGR in jack pine was controlled by both additive and dominance gene effects, with the latter playing a greater role; (ii) narrow-sense heritability estimates for resistance to WGR were low (mean = 0.05; series range = 0.00∼0.09), and broad-sense heritability estimates were moderate on an individual-tree basis (mean = 0.53) and considerably higher on the full-sib family mean basis (mean = 0.87); (iii) additive genetic correlation between tree height growth and WGR incidence was low (≤0.06) in two series and only slightly higher and favorable (–0.19) in one series, suggesting that selection on growth traits would not negatively affect WGR resistance; and (iv) mid-parental additive genetic and dominance effects on WGR were empirically correlated (>0.65), indicating that incorporating breeding for WGR resistance into current jack pine tree improvement programs with a seed orchard approach could partly capture the benefit from dominance effects. Although genetic gains in WGR resistance could be realized through various breeding and deployment schemes, it appeared that rapid improvement could be achieved through backward selection on full-sib family means.

Height growth and survival of within- and between-provenance crosses in jack pine

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1145-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Magnussen ◽  
C. W. Yeatman
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Significant Differentiation ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

Controlled pollinations with provenances from Petawawa (Ontario), Fife Lake (Michigan), and Big River (Saskatchewan) were made in all possible combinations, with the ensuing offspring planted at three sites along a north-south transect in Ontario. Survival at age 8 decreased with increased boreal character at the site. Survival of provenance hybrids was intermediate to that of their intraprovenance counterparts. Statistically significant heterosis (departure from midvalue of associated intraprovenance performances) was observed in tree height at two locations. At the northern-most site, growth was poor, with no significant differentiation among any of the tested full-sib families. Within-block microsite quality was unevenly distributed at two sites, which resulted in a low blocking efficiency and a highly significant among-plot variation. However, with five full-sib families per provenance cross, the impact on the statistical analysis of crosses was negligible.

Height growth components in inter- and intra-provenance jack pine families

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 962-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Magnussen ◽  
C. W. Yeatman
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Parental Origin ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Sufficient Variation

Duration (D), rate of shoot elongation (RSE), number of stem units (NSU), and mean stem unit lengths (MSUL) of current year's (1987) leaders were analyzed in 18 jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) full-sib progenies from nine inter- and nine intra-provenance crosses. The parent material consisted of selected "plus" trees from Ontario, Quebec, Wisconsin, and Michigan provenances. The average within-family variance (phenotypic) of D was on the average 186 days or twice as large as the among-family variance of 90 days. Duration was positively correlated with the number of growing degree-days at the place of parental origin. Tree height and height growth of several crosses significantly exceeded a local check lot, and the provenance effects on heights were predominantly additive (but not the luxuriance of hybrids). In determining annual height growth, it was discovered that D and RSE were roughly equally important, but large differences in RSE were observed among families with almost equal growth duration. The superior height growth of two interprovenance families was attributed to higher growth rates rather than a longer growth period. Although NSU was more important than MSUL in determining final shoot length, a negative correlation between NSU and MSUL complicated the overall significance of NSU. It was concluded that jack pine had sufficient variation in the examined height growth components to facilitate genetic improvement in height growth without adverse effects on periodicity. The provenance hybrids produced sufficiently promising results and additional exploitable phenotypic variation to warrant continued hybridization efforts.

Height-growth and site-index curves for jack pine in north central Ontario

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willard H. Carmean ◽  
Daniel J. Lenthall
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Average Height ◽  
North Central ◽  
A Site

Height-growth patterns for jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) were studied using stem analyses from dominant and codominant trees on 141 plots in north central Ontario. All plots were in natural, well-stocked, even-aged stands 50 years of age or older. Data from 32 of the 141 plots were randomly selected to confirm results, the remaining 109 plots were used for computing the curves. Height-growth curves were developed using a five-parameter Chapman–Richards nonlinear regression that expressed height as a function of age and site index. A site-index prediction equation was also computed using a similar model that expressed site index as a function of age and tree height. Estimated site index using height-growth curves based on the 109 computation plots agreed closely with site index observed from stem analyses on the 32 confirmation plots. Major results were as follows: (i) height-growth curves based on breast-height age were more accurate than curves based on total age; (ii) polymorphic height-growth patterns were related to site index, becoming more curvilinear as site index increased; (iii) average height-growth patterns were similar for jack pine growing on four glacial landforms: shallow and deep moraines, outwashed glacial sands, and lacustrine clays and silts; and (iv) height-growth patterns for ages less than 50 years were very similar to patterns of the commonly used Plonski curves for jack pine site classes in Ontario, but after 50 years, height growth was somewhat better for all sites than predicted by the Plonski curves.

scholarly journals Allometric Equations for Estimating Biomass and Carbon Stocks in Afforested Open Woodlands with Black Spruce and Jack Pine, in the Eastern Canadian Boreal Forest

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Olivier Fradette ◽  
Charles Marty ◽  
Pascal Tremblay ◽  
Daniel Lord ◽  
Jean-François Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Canadian Boreal Forest

Allometric equations use easily measurable biometric variables to determine the aboveground and belowground biomasses of trees. Equations produced for estimating the biomass within Canadian forests at a large scale have not yet been validated for eastern Canadian boreal open woodlands (OWs), where trees experience particular environmental conditions. In this study, we harvested 167 trees from seven boreal OWs in Quebec, Canada for biomass and allometric measurements. These data show that Canadian national equations accurately predict the whole aboveground biomass for both black spruce and jack pine trees, but underestimated branches biomass, possibly owing to a particular tree morphology in OWs relative to closed-canopy stands. We therefore developed ad hoc allometric equations based on three power models including diameter at breast height (DBH) alone or in combination with tree height (H) as allometric variables. Our results show that although the inclusion of H in the model yields better fits for most tree compartments in both species, the difference is minor and does not markedly affect biomass C stocks at the stand level. Using these newly developed equations, we found that carbon stocks in afforested OWs varied markedly among sites owing to differences in tree growth and species. Nine years after afforestation, jack pine plantations had accumulated about five times more carbon than black spruce plantations (0.14 vs. 0.80 t C·ha−1), highlighting the much larger potential of jack pine for OW afforestation projects in this environment.

scholarly journals Selection Response in Finite Populations

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 1961-1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Wei ◽  
Armando Caballero ◽  
William G Hill
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Model Account

Formulae were derived to predict genetic response under various selection schemes assuming an infinitesimal model. Account was taken of genetic drift, gametic (linkage) disequilibrium (Bulmer effect), inbreeding depression, common environmental variance, and both initial segregating variance within families (σAW02) and mutational (σM2) variance. The cumulative response to selection until generation t(CRt) can be approximated asCRt≈R0[t−β(1−σAW∞2σAW02)t24Ne]−Dt2Ne,where Ne is the effective population size, σAW∞2=NeσM2 is the genetic variance within families at the steady state (or one-half the genic variance, which is unaffected by selection), and D is the inbreeding depression per unit of inbreeding. R  0 is the selection response at generation 0 assuming preselection so that the linkage disequilibrium effect has stabilized. β is the derivative of the logarithm of the asymptotic response with respect to the logarithm of the within-family genetic variance, i.e., their relative rate of change. R  0 is the major determinant of the short term selection response, but σM2, Ne and β are also important for the long term. A selection method of high accuracy using family information gives a small Ne and will lead to a larger response in the short term and a smaller response in the long term, utilizing mutation less efficiently.

scholarly journals Genetically based resistance to the white pine weevil in jack pine and eastern white pine

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Verrez ◽  
Dan Quiring ◽  
Thibaut Leinekugel Le Cocq ◽  
Greg Adams ◽  
Yill Sung Park
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Tree Resistance ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
White Pine Weevil

White pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck) damage was evaluated in one white pine (Pinus strobus L.) and four jack pine(Pinus banksiana Lamb) half-sib family test sites to determine the role of tree genotype in resistance to the weevil. Halfsibfamily explained a significant proportion of the variation in weevil attack at all sites. Estimates of family (0.16-0.54)and individual (0.09-0.24) heritabilities of jack pine resistance to white pine weevil were moderate. Estimates of family(0.37) and individual (0.22) heritability of resistance of white pine to the weevil were also moderate when the percentageof test trees damaged by the weevil was relatively low, but were insignificant four years later when more than three-quartersof trees were damaged. Significant positive correlations between mean tree height and mean incidence of trees damagedby the weevil were observed for four of seven site-years but relationships were weak, suggesting that any cost, withrespect to height growth, to breeding weevil resistant trees may be small.Key words: Pinus, Pissodes strobi, trade-offs, tree improvement, tree resistance, white pine weevil.

scholarly journals Long-term Growth Variation and Selection of Geographical Provenances of Cunninghamialanceolata (Lamb.) Hook

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu ◽  
Duan ◽  
Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Growth Difference ◽  
Growth Variation ◽  
Selection Of

In order to understand the long-term growth variation of Chinese fir’s geographical provenances and promote long-term genetic improvement, the experimental provenance forest of Chinese fir planted in 1981 was taken as a research object.The provenances originated from southeastern China. The study measured each diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height at 5, 6, 8, 12, and 33 years of age and analyzed the genetic variation of major growth traits of trees withdifferent provenances at different forest ages. Additionally, the study analyzed the geographical variation of Chinese fir by using the trend surface and principal component analysis (PCA) and evaluated the long-term selection effect of provenance by using juvenile–mature correlation and cluster analysis. The heritability of the DBH, treeheight, and volume of Chinese fir with different provenances reached 0.35–0.76, and with increasing forest age, the heritability of each trait showed a rising and gradually stabilizing trend. There were obvious differences in geographical variation patterns among the tested provenances, and both the DBH and the tree height growth patterns are two-way gradients. This variation pattern is associated with climatic conditions in different regions, and the factors limiting the growth difference of Chinese fir may be the mean temperature in winter and the precipitation in autumn and winter.An early selection age has a significant effect on shortening the timber production cycle of Chinese fir. The selection of trees aged between 6 and 12 years is more conducive to improving the efficiency of the genetic improvement of Chinese fir.The 42 excellent provenances selected from the 33-year-old mature Chinese fir forests have a larger increase in growth than trees with local provenances, which are concentrated in the Wuyi and Xuefeng mountains and are suitable for plantation in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and surrounding areas.

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