Forest fire monitoring using NOAA satellite AVHRR

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 975-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Flannigan ◽  
T. H. Vonder Haar
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Forest Service ◽  
Fire Size ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
North Central ◽  
Fire Monitoring ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Remaining Time ◽  
Very High ◽  
Fire Outbreak

The feasibility of using the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) carried by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) series of satellites to monitor forest fires was tested during a severe fire outbreak in north central Alberta between June 12 and June 21, 1982. A multispectral technique used AVHRR channels 3 and 4 to identify fires and estimate fire size. This multispectral approach enabled identification of subpixel-sized fires as small as 1 ha. During the study, fires were obscured from satellite view by the presence of cloud and smoke 59% of the time. In the remaining time, 80% of the fires listed by the Alberta Forest Service were identified by satellite. Satellite observations of forest fires are not sufficiently accurate to replace existing monitoring methods, but they are of value in providing a rapid, inexpensive supplement, especially in remote forested areas.

Analysis of forest fire fatalities in Greece: 1977–2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michalis Diakakis ◽  
Gavriil Xanthopoulos ◽  
Leontios Gregos
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Service ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Human Losses

Although forest fires are considered an integral part of forest ecosystems, the abundance of human activities in forested areas has led to a significant number of human casualties and to important effects on properties and infrastructure. Over recent decades, Greece has suffered extensive forest fire disasters, with a significant number of fatalities being recorded. However, there is no coherent inventory of human losses from fires in the country. This work develops and examines a database of 208 fatalities occurring in 78 forest fires in Greece between 1977 and 2013 to provide a better understanding of the circumstances under which fatal incidents occur. Around three-quarters of the victims were civilians; the remainder were firefighters, forest service officials and aircraft crews. Most deaths occurred in July and August, generally under adverse meteorological conditions. Male and older individuals showed an overrepresentation among the victims. A significant number of fatalities occurred in open space, mostly in wildland–urban interface areas and in tall forest vegetation. Late evacuation on foot or in a vehicle and firefighting were the most common activities of victims at the time of the incidents.

Very high weight ratios of S/K in individual haze particles over Kalimantan during the 1997 Indonesian forest fires

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (25) ◽  
pp. 4237-4243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miwako Ikegami ◽  
Kikuo Okada ◽  
Yuji Zaizen ◽  
Yukio Makino ◽  
Jorgen B Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
High Weight ◽  
Very High

scholarly journals An Environmentally Aware Scheme of Wireless Sensor Networks for Forest Fire Monitoring and Detection

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Han Xu ◽  
Qiu-Ya Sun ◽  
Yu-Tong Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Fire Monitoring

Forest fires are a fatal threat to environmental degradation. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are regarded as a promising candidate for forest fire monitoring and detection since they enable real-time monitoring and early detection of fire threats in an efficient way. However, compared to conventional surveillance systems, WSNs operate under a set of unique resource constraints, including limitations with respect to transmission range, energy supply and computational capability. Considering that long transmission distance is inevitable in harsh geographical features such as woodland and shrubland, energy-efficient designs of WSNs are crucial for effective forest fire monitoring and detection systems. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that harnesses the benefits of WSNs for forest fire monitoring and detection. The framework employs random deployment, clustered hierarchy network architecture and environmentally aware protocols. The goal is to accurately detect a fire threat as early as possible while maintaining a reasonable energy consumption level. ns-2-based simulation validates that the proposed framework outperforms the conventional schemes in terms of detection delay and energy consumption.

scholarly journals MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS FOR IDENTIFYING FOREST FIRE RISK ZONES IN THE BIOLOGICAL RESERVE OF THE SAMA CORDILLERA, BOLIVIA

2020 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W12-2020 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
S. Mariscal ◽  
M. Ríos ◽  
F. Soria
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Spatial Risk ◽  
Forest Fire Risk ◽  
Very High ◽  
Biological Reserve

Abstract. Forest fires have negative effects on biodiversity, the atmosphere and human health. The paper presents a spatial risk model as a tool to assess them. Risk areas refer to sectors prone to the spread of fire, in addition to the influence of human activity through remote sensing and multi-criteria analysis. The analysis includes information on land cover, land use, topography (aspect, slope and elevation), climate (temperature and precipitation) and socio-economic factors (proximity to settlements and roads). Weights were assigned to each in order to generate the forest fire risk map. The investigation was carried for a Biological Reserve in Bolivia because of the continuous occurrence of forest fires. Five risk categories for forest fires were derived: very high, high, moderate, low and very low. In summary, results suggest that approximately 67% of the protected area presents a moderate to very high risk; in the latter, populated areas are not dense which reduces the actual risk to the type of events analyzed.

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Forest Fire Prediction Model based on Two-Stage Adaptive Duty-Cycled Hybrid X-MAC Protocol

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Gu Kang ◽  
Dong-Woo Lim ◽  
Jin-Woo Jung
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Fire Monitoring ◽  
Environmental Status ◽  
Mountain Environment

In this paper, we propose an adaptive duty-cycled hybrid X-MAC (ADX-MAC) protocol for energy-efficient forest fire prediction. The X-MAC protocol acquires the additional environmental status collected by each forest fire monitoring sensor for a certain period. And, based on these values, the length of sleep interval of duty-cycle is changed to efficiently calculate the risk of occurrence of forest fire according to the mountain environment. The performance of the proposed ADX-MAC protocol was verified through experiments the proposed ADX-MAC protocol improves throughput by 19% and was more energy-efficient by 24% compared to X-MAC protocol. As the probability of forest fires increases, the length of the duty cycle is shortened, confirming that the forest fires are detected at a faster cycle.

Economic ECONOMIC REVITALIZATION PROGRAM in ACHIEVING THE HAZE-FREE ASEAN TARGET 2020 by THE RIAU PROVINCE’S PEATLAND RESTORATION AGENCY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-183
Author(s):  
Yusnarida Eka Nizmi ◽  
Yessi Olivia ◽  
Umi Oktyari Retnaningsih ◽  
M. Saeri ◽  
Ahmad Jama’an ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Peatland Restoration ◽  
Economic Revitalization ◽  
Very High

This study analyses the implementation of good governance principles for the economic revitalization program under Riau Province’s Badan Restorasi Gambut (Peatland Restoration Agency) supervision. One of the aims of this program is to support the haze-free ASEAN 2020 roadmap. Riau province is an area prone to forest fire disasters. Its peatland area,  which is twice as large as Malaysia’s peatland, have a very high potential for damage due to forest fires. To mitigate the damages, BRG initiated the 3R program: Rewetting, Revegetation, and Revitalization. What makes this topic interesting is BRG emphasizes the aspects of economic empowerment of local communities to prevent further forest and peatland damages. To assess the implementation of BRG’s program, our research team conducted several interviews with representatives from Indonesia’s Ministry of Environment and Forestry, NGOs, academics, farmers, and villages’ facilitators who assisted local communities that received the BRG’s assistance packages. Our study shows that BRG’s economic revitalization program had succeeded in creating small scale economic activities such as honey industry, pineapple farming, and catfish farming. However, the ineffective coordination and communication between BRG and the local communities had prevented them from constructing an effective method to prevent future forest fires.

scholarly journals Introducing a New Remote Sensing-Based Model for Forecasting Forest Fire Danger Conditions at a Four-Day Scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 2101 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ahmed ◽  
Quazi Hassan ◽  
Masoud Abdollahi ◽  
Anil Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Fire Danger ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Forest Fire Danger ◽  
Very High

Forest fires are natural disasters that create a significant risk to the communities living in the vicinity of forested landscape. To minimize the risk of forest fires for the resilience of such urban communities and forested ecosystems, we proposed a new remote sensing-based medium-term (i.e., four-day) forest fire danger forecasting system (FFDFS) based on an existing framework, and applied the system over the forested regions in the northern Alberta, Canada. Hence, we first employed moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived daily land surface temperature (Ts) and surface reflectance products along with the annual land cover to generate three four-day composite for Ts, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and normalized difference water index (NDWI) at 500 m spatial resolution for the next four days over the forest-dominant regions. Upon generating these four-day composites, we calculated the variable-specific mean values to determine variable-specific fire danger maps with two danger classes (i.e., high and low). Then, by assuming the cloud-contaminated pixels as the low fire danger areas, we combined these three danger maps to generate a four-day fire danger map with four danger classes (i.e., low, moderate, high, and very high) over our study area of interest, which was further enhanced by incorporation of a human-caused static fire danger map. Finally, the four-day scale fire danger maps were evaluated using observed/ground-based forest fire occurrences during the 2015–2017 fire seasons. The results revealed that our proposed system was able to detect about 75% of the fire events in the top two danger classes (i.e., high and very high). The system was also able to predict the 2016 Horse River wildfire, the worst fire event in Albertian and Canadian history, with about 67% agreement. The higher accuracy outputs from our proposed model indicated that it could be implemented in the operational management, which would be very useful for lessening the adverse impact of such fire events.

Excavations on the Site of the Priory Church and Monastery of St. Peter, Eye, Suffolk

1927 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-312
Author(s):  
F. H. Fairweather
Keyword(s):  
Small Town ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Norman Conquest ◽  
North Central ◽  
Suitable Site ◽  
Edward The Confessor ◽  
Very High ◽  
Maternal Side

The small town of Eye in north central Suffolk was one of those feudal centres which sprang into great importance on the redistribution of English lands following the Norman Conquest. It had, however, a previous history as head of an Honour, being held as such in the reign of Edward the Confessor by Edric the king's falconer, and was thus chosen as a suitable site for the establishment of one of the Conqueror's prominent barons, and granted to William Malet. This man was Sire de Graville, a small town a little east of Havre in Normandy, where the priory church founded by his grandson William, and some remains on the site of the Malet castle, still exist on a height overlooking the Seine. He was apparently of English birth on the maternal side and of very high family, his mother being a sister of the famous Godiva, wife of Leofric Earl of Mercia, and was thus one of those Normans who had definite pre-Conquest connexions with Saxon England.

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