Accelerated short-term genetic testing for loblolly pine families

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1085-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire G. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Short Term Test ◽  
Extreme Performance

The following experiment was done to test the hypothesis that acceleration of seedling growth increases the juvenile–mature correlation for growth. Growth traits of 18 open-pollinated loblolly pine (Pinustaeda) familes were compared across (i) field trials measured 8 years after planting (mature age), (ii) a short-term test environment with a supplemental incandescent light source (20-h photoperiod) and a higher fertilizer level, and (iii) a short-term test environment with no supplemental day length and a lower fertilizer level. The ranking of two seedlots of known, extreme performance and the juvenile–mature correlations were used as the criteria of early testing success. Juvenile–mature (family mean) correlations were low (r = 0.13) for the growth-accelerating environment relative to the natural day length environment (r = 0.59) and two check seedlots ranked correctly only in the natural day length environment. The genetic correlations between the short-term tests are high for total height [Formula: see text] but lower for height produced after first budset, the trait that has shown value as a juvenile indicator [Formula: see text] The growth-accelerating treatment increases growth per unit time but prompts abnormal shoot development. The nonaccelerating treatment with no supplemental light offered the most promise for genetic testing of 1st-year loblolly pine seedlings.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of early field growth of loblolly pine clones and seedlings from the same full-sib families

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian S Baltunis ◽  
Dudley A Huber ◽  
Timothy L White ◽  
Barry Goldfarb ◽  
Henry E Stelzer
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Clonal Population ◽  
Sib Families

Field trials established with clones and seedlings from the same families provide an opportunity for comparing full-sib family performance across propagule types. More than 1200 different clones together with over 14 000 zygotic seedlings from the same 61 full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were tested on multiple sites across Florida and Georgia. The genetic variance associated with several early growth traits partitioned differently depending on propagule type. Most of the genetic variance associated with growth in the clonal population was additive, while the estimate of dominance in the seedling population was greater than estimates of dominance in the clonal population, based on single-site analyses. Apparently, a lack of randomization of the seedlings prior to field establishment caused full-sib families to appear more different, inflating estimates of dominance genetic variance. Parental and full-sib family ranks were stable regardless of propagule type as indicated by type B genetic correlations. In the clonal population, little genotype × environment interaction was observed across sites at the parental, family, and clonal levels for all traits. The high genetic correlations between propagule types provide further assurance that selections made through traditional tree-improvement activities for recurrent selection for general combining ability in seedling trials can also be used successfully for breeding families to test in a clonal forestry program.

Growth and wood properties of genetically improved loblolly pine: propagation type comparison and genetic parameters

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finto Antony ◽  
Laurence R. Schimleck ◽  
Lewis Jordan ◽  
Benjamin Hornsby ◽  
Joseph Dahlen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
Growth Properties ◽  
Wood Traits ◽  
Clonal Lines

The use of clonal varieties in forestry offers great potential to improve growth traits (quantity) and wood properties (quality) of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Loblolly pine trees established via somatic embryogenesis (clones), full-sib zygotic crosses, and half-sib zygotic open-pollinated families were sampled to identify variation in growth and wood properties among and within clonal lines and zygotic controls. Increment cores 5 mm in diameter were collected at age 4 from a total of 2615 trees. Growth properties (diameter at 1.4 m and total tree height) and wood properties (whole-core density, latewood and earlywood density, and latewood percent) were measured for each tree sampled in the study. Overall, growth properties were better for full-sib seedling than for clonal lines, whereas wood density was higher for clonal lines than full-sib and open-pollinated seedlings. However, there were clonal lines with better growth and higher wood density. Clonal repeatability of both growth and wood properties across sampled sites and genetic correlations between growth and wood traits were determined, with higher repeatability observed for wood traits compared with growth traits. Significant genetic correlations were observed for tree height and wood properties, whereas weak correlations were observed for diameter and wood properties.

Gain efficiency in short-term testing: experimental results

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bailian Li ◽  
Claire G. Williams ◽  
W.C. Carlson ◽  
Constance A. Harrington ◽  
C.C. Lambeth
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Genetic Test ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Short Term Test ◽  
Test Treatments ◽  
Summer Growth ◽  
Test Regime

Height growth of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) was measured in trees subjected to one of five irrigation and fertilization regimes in a closely spaced genetic test for 3 years. Shoot components of 3rd-year annual height increment were measured over two contrasting treatments. Juvenile height and number of stem units in summer growth length in the fully irrigated and fertilized short-term test regime exhibited (i) the highest juvenile-mature correlations (family mean correlation = 0.41–0.68), (ii) high individual-tree heritabilities (0.38–0.44), which were two- to three-fold higher than older tree values in a conventional genetic test of the same families, (iii) high genetic stability across two extreme short-term test treatments (genetic correlation = 0.61–0.80), and (iv) an efficiency in genetic gain per generation of 81–87% relative to selection on height at age 8 years.

scholarly journals Predicted genetic gains and testing efficiency from two loblolly pine clonal trials

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1754-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikret Isik ◽  
Barry Goldfarb ◽  
Anthony LeBude ◽  
Bailian Li ◽  
Steve McKeand
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Clonal Forestry ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Volume Yield ◽  
Sib Families

Clonal field trials were established at two sites using rooted cuttings from 450 clones of eight full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Height, survival, fusiform rust infection (caused by Cronartium quercuum (Berk) Miyabe ex Shirai f.sp. fusiforme), bole straightness, and diameter were measured after four growing seasons. There were significant differences among full-sib families and among clones within families for all traits studied. Moderately high within-family repeatabilities of clone means (0.50 to 0.75) for growth traits and a very high within-family repeatability of clone means (0.94) for fusiform rust infection were estimated. When the best eight clones were selected regardless of family structure, the volume yield was 52% greater than that of the unimproved seedlings at two sites. Selection of the best two clones from each of four families produced only slightly lower estimated genetic gains than the above scenario. The probability of fusiform rust infection ranged from 0.08 to 0.93 among clones at the South Carolina site. Predicted genetic gain for rust resistance was relatively insensitive to selection intensity, as there were numerous clones with high apparent resistance. The number of ramets per clone necessary to reliably characterize performance on one site was estimated to be between four and six. These results contribute to estimates of the gains available from clonal forestry and will help guide clonal testing and selection programs. Implementation of clonal forestry and cost issues are discussed.

Juvenile–mature relationships for wood density in Pinustaeda

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 714-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire G. Williams ◽  
Robert A. Megraw
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Genetic Test ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Type I ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Genetic Covariance ◽  
Short Term Test

Open-pollinated seeds were collected from loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) selections made in natural stands in eastern North Carolina, then planted in a short-term, closely spaced test and in a conventional genetic test. Wood density measurements from seedlings, from older trees, and from parents aged 40–75 years old were used to estimate the genetic covariance structure between juvenile and mature wood. These data were also used to determine if the genetic relationship between juvenile and mature wood varied with the estimation method used or with the fertilizer and irrigation treatments in the short-term test. Age–age relationships were moderately to highly positive and these results were corroborative using several methods: parent–offspring regression and coefficient of genetic prediction, half-sib analyses, and graphical use of type I selection mistakes. Strong age–age relationships (rg = 0.76 to 0.90) were expressed between juvenile wood in the short-term test and older-tree wood density in the genetic test. Moderate to high heritabilities (h2 = 0.55–0.76) were estimated for juvenile wood in short-term tests. The latter estimates tended to be higher than heritability estimates based on parent–offspring regression (h2 = 0.23–0.25). There was negligible family × treatment interaction due to rank change between short-term testing treatments. Height and specific gravity expressed a slight positive correlation at all ages.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation in the Microfibril Angle of Loblolly Pine From Two Test Sites

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer H. Myszewski ◽  
Floyd E. Bridgwater ◽  
William J. Lowe ◽  
Thomas D. Byram ◽  
Robert A. Megraw
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Individual Tree

Abstract In recent years, several studies have examined the effect of microfibril angle (MFA) on wood quality. However, little research has been conducted upon the genetic mechanisms controlling MFA. In this study, we examined the heritability of MFA in loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L.,and its genetic relationships with height, diameter, volume, and specific gravity. Increment cores were collected at breast height from 20 to 25 progeny from each of 12 to 17 crosses (among 11 parents) in two modified partial-diallels in different locations in southern Arkansas. Specific gravitywas measured on segments containing rings 1 through 5 and on segments containing rings 6 through 20. MFA was measured on the earlywood and latewood sections of rings 4, 5, 19, and 20. Rings 4 and 5 were chosen as representative of core wood and rings 19 and 20 as representative of outer wood. Analyses of variance revealed statistically significant genetic and environmental influences on MFA. Significant general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and SCA × block effects indicated that there are both additive and nonadditive genetic influences on MFA. Individual-tree, narrow-sense heritability estimates were variable, ranging from 0.17 for earlywood (ring) 4 MFA to 0.51 for earlywood (ring) 20 MFA. Genetic correlations between MFA, specific gravity, and the growth traits were nonsignificant due to large estimated standard errors. South.J. Appl. For. 28(4):196–204.

scholarly journals Estimates of genetic parameters for oleoresin and growth traits in juvenile loblolly pine

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2469-2476 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H Roberds ◽  
Brian L Strom ◽  
Fred P Hain ◽  
David P Gwaze ◽  
Steven E McKeand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Resin Flow ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Santa Rosa County ◽  
Old Trees

In southern pines of the United States, resistance to attack by southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, is believed to principally involve flow of oleoresin to beetle attack sites. Both environmental and genetic factors are known to affect the quantity of oleoresin flow in loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., but little is known about the genetic contribution to phenotypic variation in this trait. Here we report estimates of genetic variation in oleoresin flow and growth traits for a population of this species. Oleoresin yield, total height, and diameter were measured on 10- and 11-year-old trees from an experimental test in Santa Rosa County, Florida. Trees were from 72 full-sib families produced by mating 48 parents according to a disconnected partial diallel mating design. Resin yield was determined from breast-height samples collected at two times: once in the summer of 1999 when latewood was being produced (summer resin flow), and once in the spring of 2000 during earlywood formation (spring resin flow). All traits studied were found to be highly genetically variable and to have much greater additive than dominance variance. Estimates of narrow-sense heritability for spring and summer resin flow were in the moderate range and are comparable to values obtained for the growth traits. Additive genetic correlations between oleoresin yield and the growth traits were positive and moderately high, suggesting that directional selection to improve growth in loblolly pine will also result in increased production of oleoresin.

Genetic parameters and gains for growth and wood properties in Florida source loblolly pine in the southeastern United States

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A Atwood ◽  
Timothy L White ◽  
Dudley A Huber
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction

One hundred and thirteen open-pollinated families from Florida source loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were tested in four states in the southeastern United States. Heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated for volume, specific gravity, and latewood percentage at three different growth stages: juvenile (ages 0–10 years), mature (11–17 years), and total (0–17 years). Heritabilities of growth traits (0.09–0.11) were consistently lower than for wood property traits (0.16–0.33). Growth traits for Florida loblolly exhibited high genotype × environment interaction (rB = 0.44), whereas wood properties did not (rB = 0.90). The higher heritabilities and genetic stability across environments make wood properties amenable to genetic manipulation through breeding programs. In contrast, the high genotype × environment interaction of growth traits for Florida loblolly pine requires more research to understand the possible implication of these effects on breeding programs. Trait–trait and age–age genetic correlations were determined for growth and wood properties. Strong positive age–age correlations were present for latewood percentage, volume, and specific gravity. Weak negative trait–trait genetic correlations existed between specific gravity and volume across ages (–0.13 to –0.43). No genetic correlation existed between latewood percentage and volume, while a moderate favorable genetic correlation existed between latewood percentage and specific gravity (0.47 to 0.59). Genetic gains in volume and specific gravity were compared for various types of selection. In one type, forward selection of the top 20 individuals (of 3484) based on 17-year volume, resulted in a 20.5% genetic gain in volume; however, a concomitant loss of –6.4% also occurred in specific gravity. If a selection index was used to hold specific gravity constant, a gain in total volume of 14% was obtained.

scholarly journals Genetic Parameter Estimates for Growth Traits from Diallel Tests of Loblolly Pine Throughout the Southeastern United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Mckeand ◽  
B. Li ◽  
J. E. Grissom ◽  
F. Isik ◽  
K. J. S. Jayawickrama
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Individual Tree

Abstract Variation in heritability and in genetic correlation estimates were evaluated for juvenile tree height and volume for six testing areas of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in the southeastern United States. Variance components and their functions (heritability and type B genetic correlations) were estimated from 265 six-parent disconnected diallel series, tested in almost 1000 trials (4 tests per diallel series). Original data were collected at age 6 years from about one million trees (265 diallel series x 30 crosses x 36 trees per cross/site x 4 sites) planted in field tests. Genetic tests were from the second cycle of breeding in the North Carolina State University - Industry Cooperative Tree Improvement Program. The overall unbiased individual-tree narrow-sense heritability for height was 0.19 and for volume was 0.16. The broad-sense heritabilities for height (0.24) and for volume (0.22) were higher than narrow-sense heritabilities due to the presence of non-additive genetic variance. There were moderate regional differences in these estimates, with tests in the Lower Gulf Coastal Plain tending to have the highest heritabilities for growth traits. There was very little association between site index and heritability, but heritabilities were higher on sites with the highest survival and highest test precision. Genotype x environment interactions were generally low both for half-sib and full-sib families, indicating that families can be operationally deployed to different sites with little concern about unpredictable performance.

Genetic correlations between growth and growth rhythm observed in a short-term test and performance in long-term field trials of Norway spruce

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 768-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Hannerz ◽  
Johan Sonesson ◽  
Inger Ekberg
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Free Growth ◽  
Term Field

Genetic parameters were estimated for traits observed in one short-term "farm-field" test and in seven long-term field trials of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). The trials, located in southern and central Sweden, were based on subsets of 201 open-pollinated families derived from plus trees grafted in seed orchards. Observations of height growth and phenology in the farm-field test were made during years 2-4, and trees in field trials were assessed for height and damage at 9-14 years of age. Narrrow-sense heritabilities for height-growth traits in the field trials varied from 0.05 to 0.47. Heritabilities in the farm-field test were approximately 0.80 for date of bud burst, 0.35 for leader lignification, and 0.20 for frequency of seedlings with free growth. Early bud burst and a high degree of free growth in the farm-field test were genetically correlated with lower height and higher frequency of ramicorns and frost damage in the field trials. Height in the farm-field test was poorly and inconsistently correlated with height in the field. Genetic correlations for final heights among the field trials were usually significant and in the range of 0.7 and above. Correlations did not decline with distance between trials, suggesting that local climate is more important than regional climatic zones when matching site and genotype.

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