Impact of soil water deficits in a mature sugar maple forest: stand biogeochemistry

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1753-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.W. Foster ◽  
I.K. Morrison ◽  
Xiwei Yin ◽  
P.A. Arp
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Cation Leaching ◽  
The Past ◽  
Turkey Lakes Watershed ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water

Computer simulations of moisture relationships in an uneven-aged, tolerant hardwood forest at the Turkey Lakes Watershed suggest that soil water deficits during 1982–1983 and 1988–1989 were among the most severe of the past 40 years. Examination of radial growth indices for sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) trees suggested that reductions in growth coincided with low volumetric soil water contents and with low NO3− concentrations in soil solution. The lowest mean monthly NO3− concentrations in soil percolate were observed during severe summer droughts. Nitrate concentrations were negatively correlated (r2 = −0.803) with SO42− levels in solution and positively correlated (r2 = 0.761) with Ca2+ levels. Nitrification, by stimulating adsorption of SO42− by the soil, may lead to temporary retention of atmospheric SO42− in soils that otherwise exhibit only limited capacity to retain SO42−. If warmer, drier summers become more frequent, nitrogen cycling will become more closed as the supply of nitrogen to the vegetation and leaching of nitrogen from the soil are reduced. Sulfate-moderated leaching from the soil, however, will increase; hence, net cation leaching is unlikely to change in response to drier summers.

Solution concentrations of nutrient ions below the rooting zone of a sugar maple stand: relations to soil moisture, temperature, and season

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiwei Yin ◽  
Neil W. Foster ◽  
Paul A. Arp
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Temperature Solution ◽  
Turkey Lakes Watershed

Temporal variations of ion concentrations in soil solution were analyzed in relation to soil percolate volume, soil water content, soil temperature, solution chemistry, and season. The study site was an uneven-aged, mature northern tolerant hardwoods dominated by sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) within the Turkey Lakes Watershed, Ontario. Six ions were investigated: nitrate (NO3−), sulfate (SO42−), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), and ammonium (NH4+). Nitrate concentrations in the soil solution depended on season during the nonfoliage period and responded directly to forest floor percolation, soil water content, and season during the foliage period. Variations of SO42−, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations were mostly attributable to NO3− concentration, and to season to a lesser extent. Concentrations of K+ and NH4+ correlated only weakly to any of the "independent" variables included in the analysis, reflecting a high affinity between these ions and the soil colloids.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS THE WETTED AREA FOR SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION IN DIFFERENT SOILS TEXTURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 712-722
Author(s):  
Z. K. Rasheed
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Wetted Area ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water

Subsurface drip irrigation is one of the most efficient systems for management of water.  This study is aimed to analysis the wetted area for subsurface drip irrigation system.  Several models are developed for predicting the wetted widths and the wetted depths which are very important for designing an optimal irrigation system. HYDRUS/2D is used for predicting the dimensions of wetting patterns numerically by using the two dimensional transient flow of water from a subsurface drip irrigation through sandy loam and loamy sand soils.   The wetting patterns from a subsurface drip source are simulated by using the system of United States Department of Agriculture, USDA, the wetting patterns are simulated at different values of applied heads, different diameters of drip, and different values of initial volumetric soil water contents which selected as initial conditions.  In this work, greater spreading occurs in loamy sand than sandy loam in vertical and horizontal directions. Moreover, the results showed that the empirical formulas which can be used for estimating the wetting dimensions of wetted width and wetted depth in terms of initial volumetric soil water contents, applied heads, diameters of the drip and times of operation, are good with an average relative error not exceed 3%, so it can be used to assist the designers in irrigation field.

scholarly journals The Effect of Irrigation Rate on the Water Relations of Young Citrus Trees in High-Density Planting

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1759
Author(s):  
Said A. Hamido ◽  
Kelly T. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Irrigation Rate ◽  
Biological Stress ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

The availability and proper irrigation scheduling of water are some of the most significant limitations on citrus production in Florida. The proper volume of citrus water demand is vital in evaluating sustainable irrigation approaches. The current study aims to determine the amount of irrigation required to grow citrus trees at higher planting densities without detrimental impacts on trees’ water relation parameters. The study was conducted between November 2017 and September 2020 on young sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) trees budded on the ‘US-897’ (Cleopatra mandarin x Flying Dragon trifoliate orange) citrus rootstock transplanted in sandy soil at the Southwest Florida Research and Education Center (SWFREC) demonstration grove, near Immokalee, Florida. The experiment contained six planting densities, including 447, 598, and 745 trees per ha replicated four times, and 512, 717, and 897 trees per ha replicated six times. Each density treatment was irrigated at 62% or 100% during the first 15 months between 2017 and 2019 or one of the four irrigation rates (26.5, 40.5, 53, or 81%) based on the calculated crop water supplied (ETc) during the last 17 months of 2019–2020. Tree water relations, including soil moisture, stem water potential, and water supplied, were collected periodically. In addition, soil salinity was determined. During the first year (2018), a higher irrigation rate (100% ETc) represented higher soil water contents; however, the soil water content for the lower irrigation rate (62% ETc) did not represent biological stress. One emitter per tree regardless of planting density supported stem water potential (Ψstem) values between −0.80 and −0.79 MPa for lower and full irrigation rates, respectively. However, when treatments were adjusted from April 2019 through September 2020, the results substantially changed. The higher irrigation rate (81% ETc) represented higher soil water contents during the remainder of the study, the lower irrigation rate (26.5% ETc) represents biological stress as a result of stem water potential (Ψstem) values between −1.05 and −0.91 MPa for lower and higher irrigation rates, respectively. Besides this, increasing the irrigation rate from 26.5% to 81%ETc decreased the soil salinity by 33%. Although increasing the planting density from 717 to 897 trees per hectare reduced the water supplied on average by 37% when one irrigation emitter was used to irrigate two trees instead of one, applying an 81% ETc irrigation rate in citrus is more efficient and could be managed in commercial groves.

High N supply and soil water deficits change the rate of fruit growth of bananas (cv. “Williams”) and promote tendency to ripen

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Srikul ◽  
D.W. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
N Supply

Water stress affects the productivity, growth components, competitiveness and water relations of phalaris and white clover growing in a mixed pasture

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 659 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Guobin ◽  
DR Kemp ◽  
GB Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Water Contents

The effect of water stress during summer and recovery after rain on herbage accumulation, leaf growth components, stomatal conductance and leaf water relations of white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Haifa) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica cv. Australian Commercial) was studied in an established mixed pasture under dryland (dry) or irrigated (wet) conditions. Soil water deficits under dry conditions reached 150 mm and soil water potentials in the top 20 cm declined to nearly -2 MPa after 50 days of dry weather. Water stress severely restricted growth of both species but then after rain fell, white clover growth rates exceeded those of phalaris. Under irrigation, white clover produced twice the herbage mass of phalaris but under dry conditions herbage production was similar from both species. Leaf appearance rates per tiller or stolon were slightly higher for white clover than phalaris but were reduced by 20% under water stress in both species. Leaf or petiole extension rates were more sensitive to water stress than leaf appearance rates and declined by 75% in phalaris and 90% in white clover. The ratio of leaf or petiole extension rates on dry/wet treatments was similar for both species in relation to leaf relative water contents, but in relation to leaf water potentials phalaris maintained higher leaf growth rates. Phalaris maintained a higher leaf relative water content in relation to leaf water potentials than did white clover and also maintained higher leaf water potentials in relation to the soil water potential in the top 20 cm. Stomata1 conductances for both species declined by 80-90% with increasing water stress, and both species showed similar stomatal responses to bulk leaf water potentials and leaf relative water contents. It is suggested that the poorer performance of white clover under water stress may be due principally to a shallower root system than phalaris and not due to any underlying major physiological differences. The white clover cultivar used in this study came from the mediterranean region and showed some different responses to water stress than previously published evidence on white clover. This suggests genetic variation in responses to water stress may exist within white clover. To maintain white clover in a pasture under dry conditions it is suggested that grazing practices aim to retain a high proportion of growing points.

Nitrogen accumulation and partitioning by three grain legumes in response to soil water deficits

1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Devries ◽  
J.M. Bennett ◽  
K.J. Boote ◽  
S.L. Albrecht ◽  
C.E. Maliro
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Water Deficits

Soil aggregate breakdown in a field experiment with different rainfall intensities and initial soil water contents

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 853-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Shi ◽  
S. Thorlacius ◽  
T. Keller ◽  
M. Keller ◽  
R. Schulin
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Aggregate Breakdown ◽  
Initial Soil ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

MITIGATION YIELD SCALED METHANE EMISSION FROM RICE GROWN IN WATER STRESS CONDITIONS WITH BIOCHAR AND SILICATE AMENDMENTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ASLAM ALI ◽  
SANJIT CHANDRA BARMAN ◽  
MD. ASHRAFUL ISLAM KHAN ◽  
MD. BADIUZZAMAN KHAN ◽  
HAFSA JAHAN HIYA
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Saturated Soil ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Standing Water ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

Climate change and water scarcity may badly affect existing rice production system in Bangladesh. With a view to sustain rice productivity and mitigate yield scaled CH4 emission in the changing climatic conditions, a pot experiment was conducted under different soil water contents, biochar and silicate amendments with inorganic fertilization (NPKS). In this regard, 12 treatments combinations of biochar, silicate and NPKS fertilizer along with continuous standing water (CSW), soil saturation water content and field capacity (100% and 50%) moisture levels were arranged into rice planted potted soils. Gas samples were collected from rice planted pots through Closed Chamber technique and analyzed by Gas Chromatograph. This study revealed that seasonal CH4 emissions were suppressed through integrated biochar and silicate amendments with NPKS fertilizer (50–75% of the recommended doze), while increased rice yield significantly at different soil water contents. Biochar and silicate amendments with NPKS fertilizer (50% of the recommended doze) increased rice grain yield by 10.9%, 18.1%, 13.0% and 14.2%, while decreased seasonal CH4 emissions by 22.8%, 20.9%, 23.3% and 24.3% at continuous standing water level (CSW) (T9), at saturated soil water content (T10), at 100% field capacity soil water content (T11) and at 50% field capacity soil water content (T12), respectively. Soil porosity, soil redox status, SOC and free iron oxide contents were improved with biochar and silicate amendments. Furthermore, rice root oxidation activity (ROA) was found more dominant in water stress condition compared to flooded and saturated soil water contents, which ultimately reduced seasonal CH4 emissions as well as yield scaled CH4 emission. Conclusively, soil amendments with biochar and silicate fertilizer may be a rational practice to reduce the demand for inorganic fertilization and mitigate CH4 emissions during rice cultivation under water stress drought conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of volumetric soil water content and fertilizer rate on growth and baicalin accumulation in two species of Scutellaria

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Amanda ◽  
Joseph Pearson Brian ◽  
Shad Ali Gul ◽  
Moore Kimberly ◽  
Osborne Lance
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water Content ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water
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